Wage led
... A note on the empirical work assessing demand regimes • It should be pointed out that usually in empirical studies of the demand regimes, the accelerator effect is not taken into account. • The researcher only looks at the short-run multiplier and profitability effects. • This means that, by constr ...
... A note on the empirical work assessing demand regimes • It should be pointed out that usually in empirical studies of the demand regimes, the accelerator effect is not taken into account. • The researcher only looks at the short-run multiplier and profitability effects. • This means that, by constr ...
Optimal fiscal and monetary policy in a medium
... observed business cycle fluctuations for a wide range of nominal and real variables. Following the lead of Kimball (1995), the model emphasizes the importance of combining nominal as well as real rigidities in explaining the propagation of macroeconomic shocks. Specifically, the model features four ...
... observed business cycle fluctuations for a wide range of nominal and real variables. Following the lead of Kimball (1995), the model emphasizes the importance of combining nominal as well as real rigidities in explaining the propagation of macroeconomic shocks. Specifically, the model features four ...
Models of Military Expenditure and Growth: A Critical
... determine potential output. Some of the demand effects, e.g. crowding out of investment, may also have supply effects by changing the capital stock. The literature differs in whether the focus is on total output, including that used by the military, or just civilian output. Conscription and other fo ...
... determine potential output. Some of the demand effects, e.g. crowding out of investment, may also have supply effects by changing the capital stock. The literature differs in whether the focus is on total output, including that used by the military, or just civilian output. Conscription and other fo ...
0273 EN
... European cohesion policy. An economic context characterised by price stability and sound budget balances will benefit from lower interest rates. This, in turn, stimulates investment and capital accumulation, increasing both productivity and employment. It also helps to increase the rate and diffusio ...
... European cohesion policy. An economic context characterised by price stability and sound budget balances will benefit from lower interest rates. This, in turn, stimulates investment and capital accumulation, increasing both productivity and employment. It also helps to increase the rate and diffusio ...
NP‐NLH‐323 2013 NLH General Rate Application Page 1 of 1 Q.
... Newfoundland's high contingent liabilities also constrain the ratings. The province's primary contingent risk relates to its wholly-owned local energy provider, Nalcor Energy, a holding company that owns NLH. NLH's consolidated operations include a vertically integrated, regulated electrical utility ...
... Newfoundland's high contingent liabilities also constrain the ratings. The province's primary contingent risk relates to its wholly-owned local energy provider, Nalcor Energy, a holding company that owns NLH. NLH's consolidated operations include a vertically integrated, regulated electrical utility ...
SSE in Riga - Harvard Kennedy School
... ***p<0.01, **p<0.05, *p<0.1. (Robust standard errors in parentheses.) Random effects. ...
... ***p<0.01, **p<0.05, *p<0.1. (Robust standard errors in parentheses.) Random effects. ...
Monetary Policy and Economic Policy
... outcomes like economic growth, inflation, exchange rates with other currencies and unemployment. Where currency is under a monopoly of issuance, or where there is a regulated system of issuing currency through banks which are tied to a central bank, the monetary authority has the ability to alter th ...
... outcomes like economic growth, inflation, exchange rates with other currencies and unemployment. Where currency is under a monopoly of issuance, or where there is a regulated system of issuing currency through banks which are tied to a central bank, the monetary authority has the ability to alter th ...
Chapter 7 Chile`s New Fiscal Rule
... The structural balance can also be interpreted as an indicator for discretionary fiscal policy. If the business cycle leads to non-discretionary changes in fiscal policy through automatic stabilizers, while the business cycle itself is partially driven by discretionary fiscal policy measures, the st ...
... The structural balance can also be interpreted as an indicator for discretionary fiscal policy. If the business cycle leads to non-discretionary changes in fiscal policy through automatic stabilizers, while the business cycle itself is partially driven by discretionary fiscal policy measures, the st ...
NATIONAL ACCOUNTS
... produced by an establishment, excluding the value of any goods and services used in an activity for which the establishment does not assume the risk of using the products in production, and excluding the value of goods and services consumed by the same establishment except for goods and services use ...
... produced by an establishment, excluding the value of any goods and services used in an activity for which the establishment does not assume the risk of using the products in production, and excluding the value of goods and services consumed by the same establishment except for goods and services use ...
The Fiscal Impact of Immigration Alex Nowrasteh Immigration Policy Analyst
... Depending on the state, means-tested welfare benefits are generally unavailable to legal immigrants during their first five years of residency, unavailable to unauthorized immigrants, and denied to lawful migrant workers (Schwartz and Artiga 2007: 1). As mentioned above, the major exception is Emer ...
... Depending on the state, means-tested welfare benefits are generally unavailable to legal immigrants during their first five years of residency, unavailable to unauthorized immigrants, and denied to lawful migrant workers (Schwartz and Artiga 2007: 1). As mentioned above, the major exception is Emer ...
Income Distribution and Current Account Imbalances
... will raise or lower aggregate personal, let alone national saving. Leigh and Possi (2009, p.58), for example, argue that (i)f the rich save more than the poor, then a mean-preserving transfer from poor to rich would raise aggregate saving rates. This view continues to be the conventional wisdom am ...
... will raise or lower aggregate personal, let alone national saving. Leigh and Possi (2009, p.58), for example, argue that (i)f the rich save more than the poor, then a mean-preserving transfer from poor to rich would raise aggregate saving rates. This view continues to be the conventional wisdom am ...
A socioeconomics approach
... According to the consensus, in the long run only the supply side matters, while in the short run, both supply side and demand side variables matter. Unlike the 1960s version of Keynesian economics, fiscal policy is given a small role to play on the demand side (although government can influence the ...
... According to the consensus, in the long run only the supply side matters, while in the short run, both supply side and demand side variables matter. Unlike the 1960s version of Keynesian economics, fiscal policy is given a small role to play on the demand side (although government can influence the ...
2008 SNA - United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
... • parallel economy is an activity which is permitted by law, but is intentionally hidden to defraud the revenue and fail to pay taxes and other mandatory payments • informal economy is an activity on production, circulation and disposition of goods and services which is conducted mainly according to ...
... • parallel economy is an activity which is permitted by law, but is intentionally hidden to defraud the revenue and fail to pay taxes and other mandatory payments • informal economy is an activity on production, circulation and disposition of goods and services which is conducted mainly according to ...
Chapter 15 Monetary Policy
... 61. When the Fed lends to commercial banks [ ], this is called the (Fed Funds Rate/discount rate) and when commercial banks make loans to one another, this is the (Fed Funds Rate/ Discount Rate). 62. The Keynesian cause-effect chain of an easy money policy would be to (buy/sell) bonds; which would ( ...
... 61. When the Fed lends to commercial banks [ ], this is called the (Fed Funds Rate/discount rate) and when commercial banks make loans to one another, this is the (Fed Funds Rate/ Discount Rate). 62. The Keynesian cause-effect chain of an easy money policy would be to (buy/sell) bonds; which would ( ...
debt and macroeconomic stability
... thereby induce deleveraging. As experienced in the financial crisis, a shock to the apparently small sub-prime market was transformed into a full-blown crisis in large part due to balance sheet vulnerabilities. High debt levels in the financial sector create additional vulnerabilities, which can rev ...
... thereby induce deleveraging. As experienced in the financial crisis, a shock to the apparently small sub-prime market was transformed into a full-blown crisis in large part due to balance sheet vulnerabilities. High debt levels in the financial sector create additional vulnerabilities, which can rev ...
Document
... • an increase in G and/or decrease in T • shifts AD right Contractionary fiscal policy • a decrease in G and/or increase in T • shifts AD left Fiscal policy has two effects on AD. CHAPTER 33 ...
... • an increase in G and/or decrease in T • shifts AD right Contractionary fiscal policy • a decrease in G and/or increase in T • shifts AD left Fiscal policy has two effects on AD. CHAPTER 33 ...
Liquidity Traps and Monetary Policy: Managing a Credit Crunch
... real interest rate becomes negative for several periods.4 The reason is that savings must be reallocated to lower productivity entrepreneurs, but they will only be willing to do it for a lower interest rate. To put it differently, the “demand” for loans falls, which in turn pushes down the real inte ...
... real interest rate becomes negative for several periods.4 The reason is that savings must be reallocated to lower productivity entrepreneurs, but they will only be willing to do it for a lower interest rate. To put it differently, the “demand” for loans falls, which in turn pushes down the real inte ...
Chapter 18 - The Citadel
... policymaking is unlikely to exert sizable long-run effects on any nation’s economy. Most also agree that aggregate supply shocks contribute to business cycles. There is a general consensus that monetary and fiscal policy measures are effective in the short run. Slide 18-57 ...
... policymaking is unlikely to exert sizable long-run effects on any nation’s economy. Most also agree that aggregate supply shocks contribute to business cycles. There is a general consensus that monetary and fiscal policy measures are effective in the short run. Slide 18-57 ...
Chapter 20 - Aggregate demand and aggregate supply
... wealth rises, interest rates fall, and the exchange rate depreciates. These effects stimulate spending on consumption, investment, and net exports. Increased spending on any or all of ...
... wealth rises, interest rates fall, and the exchange rate depreciates. These effects stimulate spending on consumption, investment, and net exports. Increased spending on any or all of ...
Chapter 10
... cash flow occur ONLY if we accept the project?” • If the answer is “yes”, it should be included in the analysis because it is incremental • If the answer is “no”, it should not be included in the analysis because it will occur anyway • If the answer is “part of it”, then we should include the part t ...
... cash flow occur ONLY if we accept the project?” • If the answer is “yes”, it should be included in the analysis because it is incremental • If the answer is “no”, it should not be included in the analysis because it will occur anyway • If the answer is “part of it”, then we should include the part t ...
employee stock options and holding gains in national
... final consumption expenditure when purchased by households, yet the consumer may regard them as assets that are to be consumed gradually over a long service life. In this paper we are not going to concentrate to consider the setting the boundaries between consumer durable goods and investments.2 ...
... final consumption expenditure when purchased by households, yet the consumer may regard them as assets that are to be consumed gradually over a long service life. In this paper we are not going to concentrate to consider the setting the boundaries between consumer durable goods and investments.2 ...