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Chapter 9 (6 spp) - N. Meltem Daysal
Chapter 9 (6 spp) - N. Meltem Daysal

... in the short run. • For now (and throughout Chapters 9-12), we assume that all prices are stuck at a predetermined level in the short run… • …and that firms are willing to sell as much as their customers are willing to buy at that price level. • Therefore, the short-run aggregate supply (SRAS) curve ...
Lecture Notes: Econ 202 - Faculty Personal Homepage
Lecture Notes: Econ 202 - Faculty Personal Homepage

... • Shows the relationship between the quantity supplied by all firms and the price level . • Short-run Aggregate Supply, SRAS curve: relates the price level to quantity supplied by all firms with the assumption that prices of all factors of production remain constant. • Long-run aggregate supplied cu ...
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The Great Recession: A Downturn Sized Up (07.28.09)

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economic insight MIDDLE EAST Quarterly briefing Q1 2013

... more stretched than other oil exporters. This spending restraint is expected to constrain growth to a 2.4% expansion in 2013 but this is up from growth below 2% in 2012 as oil production is ramped up once more. At the other end of the spectrum to the GCC, troubles in Egypt continue with the economy ...
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222 Fiscal Policy: the purposeful movements in government
222 Fiscal Policy: the purposeful movements in government

... In both Figures 5 and 6 we start out with AS 1 crossing AD1 so that prices are at P* and output is at RGDP*. A hypothetical shock moves aggregate supply to AS 2. If the supply shock is negative and it raises input prices substantially, as in Figure 5, people will lose their jobs as RGDP falls. Nondi ...
Paul Davidson - American Economic Association
Paul Davidson - American Economic Association

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Macro Review - Harvard Kennedy School

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Chapter 17 - University of Guelph
Chapter 17 - University of Guelph

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13 states face total budget shortfall of at least $23 billion in 2009

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economia.uniroma2.it

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Principles of Macroeconomics
Principles of Macroeconomics

... largest increase in aggregate demand? (A)A $30 billion increase in military expenditure and a $30 billion open market purchase of government securities (B)A $30 billion increase in military expenditure and a $30 billion open market sale of government securities (C)A $30 billion tax decrease and a $3 ...
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Fiscal multiplier

In economics, the fiscal multiplier (not to be confused with monetary multiplier) is the ratio of a change in national income to the change in government spending that causes it. More generally, the exogenous spending multiplier is the ratio of a change in national income to any autonomous change in spending (private investment spending, consumer spending, government spending, or spending by foreigners on the country's exports) that causes it. When this multiplier exceeds one, the enhanced effect on national income is called the multiplier effect. The mechanism that can give rise to a multiplier effect is that an initial incremental amount of spending can lead to increased consumption spending, increasing income further and hence further increasing consumption, etc., resulting in an overall increase in national income greater than the initial incremental amount of spending. In other words, an initial change in aggregate demand may cause a change in aggregate output (and hence the aggregate income that it generates) that is a multiple of the initial change.The existence of a multiplier effect was initially proposed by Keynes student Richard Kahn in 1930 and published in 1931. Some other schools of economic thought reject or downplay the importance of multiplier effects, particularly in terms of the long run. The multiplier effect has been used as an argument for the efficacy of government spending or taxation relief to stimulate aggregate demand.In certain cases multiplier values less than one have been empirically measured (an example is sports stadiums), suggesting that certain types of government spending crowd out private investment or consumer spending that would have otherwise taken place. This crowding out can occur because the initial increase in spending may cause an increase in interest rates or in the price level. In 2009, The Economist magazine noted ""economists are in fact deeply divided about how well, or indeed whether, such stimulus works"", partly because of a lack of empirical data from non-military based stimulus. New evidence came from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, whose benefits were projected based on fiscal multipliers and which was in fact followed - from 2010 to 2012 - by a slowing of job loss and private sector job growth.
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