Effects of Fiscal Policy on Consumer Confidence
... It has long been debated which type of fiscal policy is most effective in a recession, a tax cut or an increase in government spending. Throughout the history of the United States, many administrations have tried to implement various forms and combinations of tax cuts and spending hikes to jump star ...
... It has long been debated which type of fiscal policy is most effective in a recession, a tax cut or an increase in government spending. Throughout the history of the United States, many administrations have tried to implement various forms and combinations of tax cuts and spending hikes to jump star ...
Big push or big failure? On the effectiveness of industrialization
... that developing countries that liberalized their industrial policies did not necessarily experience more rapid economic growth. Fig. 1 is thus broadly consistent with concerns raised by Stiglitz (2002) on the risks of removing government intervention in order to let the markets do the job more effici ...
... that developing countries that liberalized their industrial policies did not necessarily experience more rapid economic growth. Fig. 1 is thus broadly consistent with concerns raised by Stiglitz (2002) on the risks of removing government intervention in order to let the markets do the job more effici ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES FISCAL LIMITS IN ADVANCED ECONOMIES Eric M. Leeper
... be in effect at every date in the future. Although this assumption is widely maintained, it is difficult to reconcile the assumption with observed policy behavior. In fact, policies do change and, therefore, they can change. In the face of a history of changes in policy regimes, analyses that fail to i ...
... be in effect at every date in the future. Although this assumption is widely maintained, it is difficult to reconcile the assumption with observed policy behavior. In fact, policies do change and, therefore, they can change. In the face of a history of changes in policy regimes, analyses that fail to i ...
EDITragan_13ce_ch23
... was dramatic, but many observers were surprised at its modest impact on the Canadian economy. For more information on how changes in oil prices affect Canada, and why the negative AS effect is smaller now than in the 1970s, look for Oil Prices and the Canadian Economy in the Additional Topics sectio ...
... was dramatic, but many observers were surprised at its modest impact on the Canadian economy. For more information on how changes in oil prices affect Canada, and why the negative AS effect is smaller now than in the 1970s, look for Oil Prices and the Canadian Economy in the Additional Topics sectio ...
1 - EcoMod
... stock. At present, old, open-top wagons are used, but Ford is hoping to persuade the railways to introduce new, enclosed, high-cube wagons, 75 feet long and able to stack three pallets high instead of the present two. Three savings would accrue from this: forklift trucks instead of the present two c ...
... stock. At present, old, open-top wagons are used, but Ford is hoping to persuade the railways to introduce new, enclosed, high-cube wagons, 75 feet long and able to stack three pallets high instead of the present two. Three savings would accrue from this: forklift trucks instead of the present two c ...
Essays in - The Economic and Business History Society
... Next, Elmendorf and Furman (2008) note that stimulus spending should not be indiscriminate, but instead should target sectors that can make the best use of the spending in light of the downturn. In testimony to the Joint Economic Committee Lawrence Summers (2008) noted that targeted stimulus “requir ...
... Next, Elmendorf and Furman (2008) note that stimulus spending should not be indiscriminate, but instead should target sectors that can make the best use of the spending in light of the downturn. In testimony to the Joint Economic Committee Lawrence Summers (2008) noted that targeted stimulus “requir ...
Keynesian interpretation of the quantity theory of money
... the Keynesian description of how the economy works: 2. Prices, and especially wages, respond slowly to changes in supply and demand, resulting in periodic shortages and surpluses, especially of labor. ...
... the Keynesian description of how the economy works: 2. Prices, and especially wages, respond slowly to changes in supply and demand, resulting in periodic shortages and surpluses, especially of labor. ...
The Rise and Fall of Local Aid in Massachusetts
... support that the state provides to local school districts. General Local Aid is the primary source of general operating support that the state provides to cities and towns. Through FY 2009, the state distributed General Local Aid through two accounts, Lottery Aid and Additional Assistance. Starting ...
... support that the state provides to local school districts. General Local Aid is the primary source of general operating support that the state provides to cities and towns. Through FY 2009, the state distributed General Local Aid through two accounts, Lottery Aid and Additional Assistance. Starting ...
HALL-FriendsHouse-2011
... • “The return anticipated by Metronet’s shareholders appears to have been out of all proportion to the level of risk associated with the contract…” • “In terms of borrowing, the Metronet contract did nothing more than secure loans, 95% of which were in any case underwritten by the public purse, at a ...
... • “The return anticipated by Metronet’s shareholders appears to have been out of all proportion to the level of risk associated with the contract…” • “In terms of borrowing, the Metronet contract did nothing more than secure loans, 95% of which were in any case underwritten by the public purse, at a ...
Fiscal policies in Spain: main stylised facts
... or in fact do have a stabilizing effect on demand. Keynesian economics suggests that governments should and would stabilize demand by behaving counter-cyclically while the normative predictions from a neoclassical perspective depend on the relationship between private and public consumption. Politica ...
... or in fact do have a stabilizing effect on demand. Keynesian economics suggests that governments should and would stabilize demand by behaving counter-cyclically while the normative predictions from a neoclassical perspective depend on the relationship between private and public consumption. Politica ...
Document
... • “The return anticipated by Metronet’s shareholders appears to have been out of all proportion to the level of risk associated with the contract…” • “In terms of borrowing, the Metronet contract did nothing more than secure loans, 95% of which were in any case underwritten by the public purse, at a ...
... • “The return anticipated by Metronet’s shareholders appears to have been out of all proportion to the level of risk associated with the contract…” • “In terms of borrowing, the Metronet contract did nothing more than secure loans, 95% of which were in any case underwritten by the public purse, at a ...
Introduction
... slump might be found in the misjudged monetary and fiscal policies implemented by the Bank of Japan (BOJ) and the government during the 1990s. In this section, we consider in more detail the factors that may have led to deflation; we explain how policymakers may have unwittingly contributed to the d ...
... slump might be found in the misjudged monetary and fiscal policies implemented by the Bank of Japan (BOJ) and the government during the 1990s. In this section, we consider in more detail the factors that may have led to deflation; we explain how policymakers may have unwittingly contributed to the d ...
President’s Report Board Directors
... Data since your last Directors' meeting show the economy grew in the first quarter at the same pace as the fourth quarter. Reduced spending by both consumers and businesses, a softer labor market and the persistent slump in the housing market may continue to restrict growth going forward, but recent ...
... Data since your last Directors' meeting show the economy grew in the first quarter at the same pace as the fourth quarter. Reduced spending by both consumers and businesses, a softer labor market and the persistent slump in the housing market may continue to restrict growth going forward, but recent ...
Economic Bulletin. December 2016. Quarterly report on the Spanish
... production, with the producer countries that are not OPEC members subsequently following suit. This decision might have contributed, by boosting expected inflation, to bolstering the upward movement in sovereign debt yields. Despite the degree of improvement in worldwide economic developments and in ...
... production, with the producer countries that are not OPEC members subsequently following suit. This decision might have contributed, by boosting expected inflation, to bolstering the upward movement in sovereign debt yields. Despite the degree of improvement in worldwide economic developments and in ...
Privatisation - Institute of Public Policy
... PPPs, PFI and Ryrie rules • PPPs fail VFM tests – UK Ryrie rules in 1980s were about VFM, scrapped because no PFI proposal ever passed them “(i) decisions to provide funds for investment should be taken under conditions of fair competition with private sector borrowers; any links with the rest of th ...
... PPPs, PFI and Ryrie rules • PPPs fail VFM tests – UK Ryrie rules in 1980s were about VFM, scrapped because no PFI proposal ever passed them “(i) decisions to provide funds for investment should be taken under conditions of fair competition with private sector borrowers; any links with the rest of th ...
Deficits, Debt and Looming Disaster
... of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act is likely to add an additional several hundred billion dollars to the Treasury’s upcoming ...
... of the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act is likely to add an additional several hundred billion dollars to the Treasury’s upcoming ...
Keynesian vs. monetarist/new classical view
... C to E: The long run aggregate supply curve shows how firms’ costs adapt to changes in final prices. For example, if the price level increases by 5% and wages and other factor prices also increase by 5% then real factor costs and real wages have not changed. This means that there is in fact no incre ...
... C to E: The long run aggregate supply curve shows how firms’ costs adapt to changes in final prices. For example, if the price level increases by 5% and wages and other factor prices also increase by 5% then real factor costs and real wages have not changed. This means that there is in fact no incre ...
A budget for the euro area - Direction Générale du Trésor
... Box 1: The theory of optimum currency areas and internal adjustments within the euro area The theory of optimum currency areas suggests that internal adjustments serve to offset fixed exchange rates in a currency union: according to this view, the difficult adjustment in response to the crisis stemm ...
... Box 1: The theory of optimum currency areas and internal adjustments within the euro area The theory of optimum currency areas suggests that internal adjustments serve to offset fixed exchange rates in a currency union: according to this view, the difficult adjustment in response to the crisis stemm ...
To derive AS relation, we need
... the interest rate (the prices go down, the real money stock goes up and the interest rate goes down - see IS-LM model)and the output are lower . ...
... the interest rate (the prices go down, the real money stock goes up and the interest rate goes down - see IS-LM model)and the output are lower . ...
instructional objectives
... wearing out and buildings are deteriorating; this is called depreciation or consumption of fixed capital. ii. Gross Investment minus depreciation (consumption of fixed capital) is called net investment. iii. If more new structures and capital equipment are produced in a given year than are used up, ...
... wearing out and buildings are deteriorating; this is called depreciation or consumption of fixed capital. ii. Gross Investment minus depreciation (consumption of fixed capital) is called net investment. iii. If more new structures and capital equipment are produced in a given year than are used up, ...
Country Heterogeneity and the International Evidence on the
... transmission of fiscal shocks and one in how fiscal shocks are generated. The first is specific to the analysis of fiscal policy: countries are heterogeneous in their fiscal reaction functions and therefore in their debt dynamics. Following a fiscal shock different countries will aim at stabilizing t ...
... transmission of fiscal shocks and one in how fiscal shocks are generated. The first is specific to the analysis of fiscal policy: countries are heterogeneous in their fiscal reaction functions and therefore in their debt dynamics. Following a fiscal shock different countries will aim at stabilizing t ...
Demonetization note
... current. Also, there may be regulatory, compliance or other reasons that may prevent KSBL from doing so. The value and return on investment may vary because of changes in interest rates, foreign exchange rates or any other reason. This report and information herein is solely for informational purpos ...
... current. Also, there may be regulatory, compliance or other reasons that may prevent KSBL from doing so. The value and return on investment may vary because of changes in interest rates, foreign exchange rates or any other reason. This report and information herein is solely for informational purpos ...
Monetary Policy
... 1. Recognition and operational lags impair the Fed’s ability to quickly recognize the need for policy change and to affect that change in a timely fashion. Although policy changes can be implemented rapidly, there is a lag of at least 3 to 6 months before the changes will have their full impact. 2. ...
... 1. Recognition and operational lags impair the Fed’s ability to quickly recognize the need for policy change and to affect that change in a timely fashion. Although policy changes can be implemented rapidly, there is a lag of at least 3 to 6 months before the changes will have their full impact. 2. ...
macroeconomics class review
... Why does anyone bother to estimate the GNP or GDP? For the same reasons statistical data is also gathered on unemployment rates, consumer price levels, the international trade balance and so on – that is, to facilitate economic policy making by government, to assist in planning by decision-makers in ...
... Why does anyone bother to estimate the GNP or GDP? For the same reasons statistical data is also gathered on unemployment rates, consumer price levels, the international trade balance and so on – that is, to facilitate economic policy making by government, to assist in planning by decision-makers in ...