Viruses
... To a large extent, molecular biology was born in the laboratories of biologists studying viruses that infect bacteria. Experiments with viruses provided important evidence that genes are made of nucleic acids, and they were critical in working out the molecular mechanisms of the fundamental processe ...
... To a large extent, molecular biology was born in the laboratories of biologists studying viruses that infect bacteria. Experiments with viruses provided important evidence that genes are made of nucleic acids, and they were critical in working out the molecular mechanisms of the fundamental processe ...
View PDF - cchem.berkeley.edu - University of California, Berkeley
... samples were determined by infecting HeLa cells and assessing the transduction efficiencies (% GFP-positive) at 72 h post-infection by flow cytometry. The detection limit of our assay was a 105-fold reduction in Ad5 titer for some experiments (untreated Ad5-GFP titers were 107 infectious units, or ...
... samples were determined by infecting HeLa cells and assessing the transduction efficiencies (% GFP-positive) at 72 h post-infection by flow cytometry. The detection limit of our assay was a 105-fold reduction in Ad5 titer for some experiments (untreated Ad5-GFP titers were 107 infectious units, or ...
The changing nature of avian influenza A virus (H5N1)
... of wild birds in the spread and maintenance of recent Gs/GD lineage viruses [6,31]. As of August 2011, 7030 poultry and/ or wild-bird outbreaks have been reported from over 50 countries and HPAI has become endemic in birds in at least four countries (China, Indonesia, Vietnam and Egypt) (World Organ ...
... of wild birds in the spread and maintenance of recent Gs/GD lineage viruses [6,31]. As of August 2011, 7030 poultry and/ or wild-bird outbreaks have been reported from over 50 countries and HPAI has become endemic in birds in at least four countries (China, Indonesia, Vietnam and Egypt) (World Organ ...
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... group [2,3,9,10]. Archaeal virus morphotypes include tailless icosahedral viruses, of which only seven have been isolated and described. Two of these, the Sulfolobus turreted icosahedral viruses STIV and STIV2, infect hyperthermoacidophilic crenarchaea [11,12], while the other five infect halophilic ...
... group [2,3,9,10]. Archaeal virus morphotypes include tailless icosahedral viruses, of which only seven have been isolated and described. Two of these, the Sulfolobus turreted icosahedral viruses STIV and STIV2, infect hyperthermoacidophilic crenarchaea [11,12], while the other five infect halophilic ...
Full-Text PDF
... group [2,3,9,10]. Archaeal virus morphotypes include tailless icosahedral viruses, of which only seven have been isolated and described. Two of these, the Sulfolobus turreted icosahedral viruses STIV and STIV2, infect hyperthermoacidophilic crenarchaea [11,12], while the other five infect halophilic ...
... group [2,3,9,10]. Archaeal virus morphotypes include tailless icosahedral viruses, of which only seven have been isolated and described. Two of these, the Sulfolobus turreted icosahedral viruses STIV and STIV2, infect hyperthermoacidophilic crenarchaea [11,12], while the other five infect halophilic ...
TT viruses
... TTV detection is primarily based on viral DNA detection. Due to the high genetic heterogeneity, detection rates depend largely on the region of the genome amplified, leading to considerable variation in prevalence rates as reported from different countries and different studies within the same count ...
... TTV detection is primarily based on viral DNA detection. Due to the high genetic heterogeneity, detection rates depend largely on the region of the genome amplified, leading to considerable variation in prevalence rates as reported from different countries and different studies within the same count ...
The role of amniotic passage in the egg
... the detailed analysis in the first experiment, the nature of the virus population in the allantoic fluid harvested concurrently with the amniotic fluid was very similar to that present in the amniotic fluid, with respect to residues 196 to 198 (Table 2). This suggests that mixing between the two com ...
... the detailed analysis in the first experiment, the nature of the virus population in the allantoic fluid harvested concurrently with the amniotic fluid was very similar to that present in the amniotic fluid, with respect to residues 196 to 198 (Table 2). This suggests that mixing between the two com ...
Geographic distribution and evolution of Sindbis virus in Australia
... Lindsay et al., 1993 ; Sammels et al., 1995). Thus, this study was undertaken to better understand the genetic variation in alphaviruses and to identify potential mechanisms of spread of these viruses in Australia. A limited number of SIN virus strains isolated in other countries, including Egypt, S ...
... Lindsay et al., 1993 ; Sammels et al., 1995). Thus, this study was undertaken to better understand the genetic variation in alphaviruses and to identify potential mechanisms of spread of these viruses in Australia. A limited number of SIN virus strains isolated in other countries, including Egypt, S ...
Geographic distribution and evolution of Sindbis virus in Australia
... Lindsay et al., 1993 ; Sammels et al., 1995). Thus, this study was undertaken to better understand the genetic variation in alphaviruses and to identify potential mechanisms of spread of these viruses in Australia. A limited number of SIN virus strains isolated in other countries, including Egypt, S ...
... Lindsay et al., 1993 ; Sammels et al., 1995). Thus, this study was undertaken to better understand the genetic variation in alphaviruses and to identify potential mechanisms of spread of these viruses in Australia. A limited number of SIN virus strains isolated in other countries, including Egypt, S ...
Viruses - AP Biology
... To a large extent, molecular biology was born in the laboratories of biologists studying viruses that infect bacteria. Experiments with viruses provided important evidence that genes are made of nucleic acids, and they were critical in working out the molecular mechanisms of the fundamental processe ...
... To a large extent, molecular biology was born in the laboratories of biologists studying viruses that infect bacteria. Experiments with viruses provided important evidence that genes are made of nucleic acids, and they were critical in working out the molecular mechanisms of the fundamental processe ...
Effects of the number of genome segments on primary and systemic
... and 16 hours light. We opted for a large single-block experiment, given that any block-level ...
... and 16 hours light. We opted for a large single-block experiment, given that any block-level ...
Comparative evaluation of factors affecting
... viruses are divided into three types, A, B, and C (1). Type A viruses are the cause of a highly contagious disease, avian influenza, in birds and are subdivided into subtypes on the basis of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) proteins (2), which are glycoproteins and are present as peplomers. ...
... viruses are divided into three types, A, B, and C (1). Type A viruses are the cause of a highly contagious disease, avian influenza, in birds and are subdivided into subtypes on the basis of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) proteins (2), which are glycoproteins and are present as peplomers. ...
Purification and properties of virus particles, infectious subviral
... lose their outer capsid proteins), it was also possible to purify DTT/NLS-treated AHSV-9 virus particles by CsC1 gradient centrifugation. The particles purified by this method had a density of 1'33 g/ml, and did not contain any detectable NS2 protein (Fig. 1, lane 3). Incorporation of 0.1% NLS into ...
... lose their outer capsid proteins), it was also possible to purify DTT/NLS-treated AHSV-9 virus particles by CsC1 gradient centrifugation. The particles purified by this method had a density of 1'33 g/ml, and did not contain any detectable NS2 protein (Fig. 1, lane 3). Incorporation of 0.1% NLS into ...
Biological Characterization of the Virus Causing Leukoencephalitis
... at various intervals for RT activity and c.p.e, during the following I5o days after five cultivations. The cultures were grown in IO % FBS during the first week after trypsinization and maintained in o'5 % FBS with medium changes at 4 to 5 day intervals. Continuous virus production was evident durin ...
... at various intervals for RT activity and c.p.e, during the following I5o days after five cultivations. The cultures were grown in IO % FBS during the first week after trypsinization and maintained in o'5 % FBS with medium changes at 4 to 5 day intervals. Continuous virus production was evident durin ...
Amino acid sequence identity between the HA1 of influenza A
... HA and neuraminidase of relevant epidemic strains (Maassab et al., 1985). Such viruses are under trial as live attenuated influenza vaccines (Wright et al., 1982; Murphy & Clements, 1989). Because potential reference and vaccine strains of virus may also be initially isolated in mammalian cells of d ...
... HA and neuraminidase of relevant epidemic strains (Maassab et al., 1985). Such viruses are under trial as live attenuated influenza vaccines (Wright et al., 1982; Murphy & Clements, 1989). Because potential reference and vaccine strains of virus may also be initially isolated in mammalian cells of d ...
Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus as a Vaccine
... attenuated vaccines that are safe and may not result in reversion to virulence. Recombinant DNA technology has also made it possible to generate vaccines utilizing viruses as vectors for the expression of protective antigens of other viruses. This new class of vaccine is called “vectored vaccine.” V ...
... attenuated vaccines that are safe and may not result in reversion to virulence. Recombinant DNA technology has also made it possible to generate vaccines utilizing viruses as vectors for the expression of protective antigens of other viruses. This new class of vaccine is called “vectored vaccine.” V ...
Surface Structure and RNA-Protein Interactions of Foot-and
... modification reagents. By measuring the extent of modification of the lysine residues of intact and disrupted virus particles and the 12S protein subunit with Bolton & Hunter reagent it was found that 54~o of the residues of VP 1, 15 ~o of the residues of VP2 and 37~ of the residues of VP3, equivale ...
... modification reagents. By measuring the extent of modification of the lysine residues of intact and disrupted virus particles and the 12S protein subunit with Bolton & Hunter reagent it was found that 54~o of the residues of VP 1, 15 ~o of the residues of VP2 and 37~ of the residues of VP3, equivale ...
PDF sample - Monsters of Rock Cruise
... e are not alone. No matter how clean we are or how healthy we feel, we carry around on our bodies billions of microbes—microscopic one-celled organisms called bacteria and viruses. Although they cannot be seen, microbes hide under fingernails, lurk between teeth, and live in hair. There are more tha ...
... e are not alone. No matter how clean we are or how healthy we feel, we carry around on our bodies billions of microbes—microscopic one-celled organisms called bacteria and viruses. Although they cannot be seen, microbes hide under fingernails, lurk between teeth, and live in hair. There are more tha ...
Antigenic variation of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus
... infectious organism alters its surface proteins in order to evade a host immune response and is associated with mutation leading to amino acid replacement. This change in antigenic profile may occur as the pathogen passes through a host population (also called antigenic diversity) or may take place ...
... infectious organism alters its surface proteins in order to evade a host immune response and is associated with mutation leading to amino acid replacement. This change in antigenic profile may occur as the pathogen passes through a host population (also called antigenic diversity) or may take place ...
Infectious in vitro RNA transcripts derived from cloned cDNA of the
... al., 1988; Heaton et al., 1989). However, only two infectious clones have been reported for members of the potyvirus group, namely tobacco vein mottle virus (TVMV; Domier et al., 1989) and plum pox virus (PPV; Riechmann et al., 1990). The production of infectious R N A transcripts from full-length c ...
... al., 1988; Heaton et al., 1989). However, only two infectious clones have been reported for members of the potyvirus group, namely tobacco vein mottle virus (TVMV; Domier et al., 1989) and plum pox virus (PPV; Riechmann et al., 1990). The production of infectious R N A transcripts from full-length c ...
Malware - Jackson State University
... If the virus code attached to a program is invariant, then the virus code becomes a detectable signature. A virus scanner looking for Code Red Worm could look for a pattern containing the following characters: ...
... If the virus code attached to a program is invariant, then the virus code becomes a detectable signature. A virus scanner looking for Code Red Worm could look for a pattern containing the following characters: ...
53 morphology and general properties of viruses
... dissociated into the component cells by the action of enzymes and mechanical shaking. The cells are washed, counted and suspended in a growth medium. The growth medium consists of essential amino acids, glucose, vitamins, salts and a buffer. Antibiotics are added to prevent bacterial contamination. ...
... dissociated into the component cells by the action of enzymes and mechanical shaking. The cells are washed, counted and suspended in a growth medium. The growth medium consists of essential amino acids, glucose, vitamins, salts and a buffer. Antibiotics are added to prevent bacterial contamination. ...
Human influenza A H5N1 virus related to a highly
... neuraminidase. Phylogenetic studies revealed that these newly emerging glycoproteins originated from avian viruses and had entered the human population after reassortment with human influenza virus strains.1–3 However, the virus involved in the most devastating pandemic known to have occurred in hum ...
... neuraminidase. Phylogenetic studies revealed that these newly emerging glycoproteins originated from avian viruses and had entered the human population after reassortment with human influenza virus strains.1–3 However, the virus involved in the most devastating pandemic known to have occurred in hum ...
ECDC rapid risk assessment on A(H5N8)
... since 2010. The A(H5N8) virus was first detected in domestic ducks in China during routine surveillance activities at a live poultry market [1]. Since the beginning of 2014, several outbreaks involving novel reassortant influenza A(H5N8) viruses have been detected in poultry and wild bird species in ...
... since 2010. The A(H5N8) virus was first detected in domestic ducks in China during routine surveillance activities at a live poultry market [1]. Since the beginning of 2014, several outbreaks involving novel reassortant influenza A(H5N8) viruses have been detected in poultry and wild bird species in ...
Antigenic and genetic characteristics of zoonotic influenza viruses
... represents the number of substitutions per site. Bootstrap supports of topology are shown above selected nodes. ...
... represents the number of substitutions per site. Bootstrap supports of topology are shown above selected nodes. ...