Influenza Vaccines – Quality Module - EMA
... Candidate vaccine viruses (CVV) represent influenza strains recommended by WHO/CHMP and which are suitable for seasonal vaccine production. Historically, they are supplied by a WHO Collaborating Centre (CC), a WHO Essential Regulatory Laboratory (ERL) or an otherwise approved laboratory, to influenz ...
... Candidate vaccine viruses (CVV) represent influenza strains recommended by WHO/CHMP and which are suitable for seasonal vaccine production. Historically, they are supplied by a WHO Collaborating Centre (CC), a WHO Essential Regulatory Laboratory (ERL) or an otherwise approved laboratory, to influenz ...
as a PDF
... most instances, these E. coli infections are secondary infections following a primary viral or environmental insult (39). This can mean that therapeutic antibiotics in commercial poultry are often used to relieve the suffering of the sick birds and to minimize the financial impact of the disease on ...
... most instances, these E. coli infections are secondary infections following a primary viral or environmental insult (39). This can mean that therapeutic antibiotics in commercial poultry are often used to relieve the suffering of the sick birds and to minimize the financial impact of the disease on ...
WHO Guidelines on the Use of Vaccines and Antivirals during Influenza Pandemics
... global health emergencies during the last century. The first and most severe of these is estimated to have resulted in more than 40-50 million deaths worldwide1 . Experts anticipate that the next pandemic, whenever it happens, will be associated with a high death toll and a high degree of illness re ...
... global health emergencies during the last century. The first and most severe of these is estimated to have resulted in more than 40-50 million deaths worldwide1 . Experts anticipate that the next pandemic, whenever it happens, will be associated with a high death toll and a high degree of illness re ...
Malware - Jackson State University
... The infection spreads in a geometrical rate, affecting the entire computing system first and then affect the systems connected to it. Classification of Viruses based on their Lifetime: – Transient Virus: • The virus has a life that depends on the life of its host • The virus runs when its attached p ...
... The infection spreads in a geometrical rate, affecting the entire computing system first and then affect the systems connected to it. Classification of Viruses based on their Lifetime: – Transient Virus: • The virus has a life that depends on the life of its host • The virus runs when its attached p ...
2009 H1N1 Influenza General Talking Points
... If people with flu symptoms are not able to tolerate wearing a mask, they should take other precautions. They should be especially careful to cover their noses and mouths with a sleeve or a tissue when they cough or sneeze. ...
... If people with flu symptoms are not able to tolerate wearing a mask, they should take other precautions. They should be especially careful to cover their noses and mouths with a sleeve or a tissue when they cough or sneeze. ...
Japanese encephalitis
... bovine serum albumin (0.75%), streptomycin (100 µg/ml) and penicillin (100 units/ml). The calf serum should be free from antibodies to JEV. The suspension is centrifuged at 1500 g for 15 minutes, and the supernatant fluid is removed for testing. Virus isolation in cell culture can use primary cultur ...
... bovine serum albumin (0.75%), streptomycin (100 µg/ml) and penicillin (100 units/ml). The calf serum should be free from antibodies to JEV. The suspension is centrifuged at 1500 g for 15 minutes, and the supernatant fluid is removed for testing. Virus isolation in cell culture can use primary cultur ...
Equine influenza: A review of an unpredictable virus
... Phylogenetic analysis of HA sequences revealed that equine H3N8 viruses, which had been evolving as a single lineage for at least two decades (Kawaoka et al., 1989), diverged into two distinct lineages during the mid-1980s (Daly et al., 1996). Viruses in one lineage were predominantly isolated from ...
... Phylogenetic analysis of HA sequences revealed that equine H3N8 viruses, which had been evolving as a single lineage for at least two decades (Kawaoka et al., 1989), diverged into two distinct lineages during the mid-1980s (Daly et al., 1996). Viruses in one lineage were predominantly isolated from ...
Control of food
... Gastroenteritis viruses and hepatitis viruses survive extremely well in the environment. There is little precise information on the stability of SRSVs since they cannot be cultured. Most information comes from epidemiological observations and limited studies of infectivity in volunteers2. Some strai ...
... Gastroenteritis viruses and hepatitis viruses survive extremely well in the environment. There is little precise information on the stability of SRSVs since they cannot be cultured. Most information comes from epidemiological observations and limited studies of infectivity in volunteers2. Some strai ...
An Effective Scheme for Email Virus Detection and
... recipient opens the virus attachment. When an email virus infects a computer, it usually will search the computer for email addresses. It can find email addresses stored in a user’s address book. Some email viruses can also find email addresses stored in other directories, such as temporary Internet ...
... recipient opens the virus attachment. When an email virus infects a computer, it usually will search the computer for email addresses. It can find email addresses stored in a user’s address book. Some email viruses can also find email addresses stored in other directories, such as temporary Internet ...
Influenza Pandemic Plan Chapter 5
... A comprehensive infection prevention and control program forms the basis of a successful pandemic influenza plan. Adherence to infection prevention and control policies and procedures is imperative to minimize the transmission of influenza whether or not vaccine and antiviral medications are availab ...
... A comprehensive infection prevention and control program forms the basis of a successful pandemic influenza plan. Adherence to infection prevention and control policies and procedures is imperative to minimize the transmission of influenza whether or not vaccine and antiviral medications are availab ...
Parasitic crustaceans as vectors of viruses, with
... Synopsis Parasitic crustaceans serve as both hosts and vectors of viruses as well as of parasites and other microbial pathogenic agents. Few of the presumably numerous associations are known, but many can be anticipated. Recently, branchiurans and gnathiid isopods have been documented to host helmin ...
... Synopsis Parasitic crustaceans serve as both hosts and vectors of viruses as well as of parasites and other microbial pathogenic agents. Few of the presumably numerous associations are known, but many can be anticipated. Recently, branchiurans and gnathiid isopods have been documented to host helmin ...
Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus as a Vaccine
... one of the true success stories of modern medicine. Vaccines are the most effective and inexpensive prophylactic tools in veterinary medicine. Traditionally, there are two major strategies for the production of viral vaccines: one employing modified live attenuated virus and the other employing chem ...
... one of the true success stories of modern medicine. Vaccines are the most effective and inexpensive prophylactic tools in veterinary medicine. Traditionally, there are two major strategies for the production of viral vaccines: one employing modified live attenuated virus and the other employing chem ...
Human and Animal Viruses in Food
... (FRhK-4 and FRhK-6), and human fibroblasts (HF), but wild-type strains are difficult to culture and generally do not produce CPE in cell cultures. Immunofluorescence is often used for detection of HAV antigen in infected cells because of the lack of CPE. The virus is usually slow-growing and the yield ...
... (FRhK-4 and FRhK-6), and human fibroblasts (HF), but wild-type strains are difficult to culture and generally do not produce CPE in cell cultures. Immunofluorescence is often used for detection of HAV antigen in infected cells because of the lack of CPE. The virus is usually slow-growing and the yield ...
Mediate Protection Receptors and Alveolar Macrophages Matrix
... are protected from virus-induced death (11). M2e-specific Abs are responsible for the protective immunity induced by M2e vaccination. Indeed, protective immunity can be transferred from vaccinated animals to naive recipients by serum (11, 13–16). Moreover, anti-M2e mAbs protect wild-type and immunod ...
... are protected from virus-induced death (11). M2e-specific Abs are responsible for the protective immunity induced by M2e vaccination. Indeed, protective immunity can be transferred from vaccinated animals to naive recipients by serum (11, 13–16). Moreover, anti-M2e mAbs protect wild-type and immunod ...
Enhancing Preparedness for West Nile Virus in Hong Kong
... In Hong Kong, the Public Health Laboratory Services Branch of the Centre for Health Protection provides support for virology testing for suspected cases in both public and private sectors. Medical practitioners are encouraged to report to the CHP any unusual cases and diagnostic tests are arranged d ...
... In Hong Kong, the Public Health Laboratory Services Branch of the Centre for Health Protection provides support for virology testing for suspected cases in both public and private sectors. Medical practitioners are encouraged to report to the CHP any unusual cases and diagnostic tests are arranged d ...
Infectious Bursal Disease (Gumboro) in - EDIS
... Phenolic and formaldehyde compounds have been shown to be effective for disinfection of contaminated premises. Efforts at biosecurity (cleaning, disinfecting, traffic control) must be continually practices, as improvement is gradual and often only seen after 3 or 4 flocks. A third factor to consider ...
... Phenolic and formaldehyde compounds have been shown to be effective for disinfection of contaminated premises. Efforts at biosecurity (cleaning, disinfecting, traffic control) must be continually practices, as improvement is gradual and often only seen after 3 or 4 flocks. A third factor to consider ...
Hendra virus disease in horses
... from severe to m i l d disease in the respiratory tract, in addition to disease in the CNS. T h e s a m e s y m p t o m s h a v e also b e e n observed in h u m a n s , s o m e t i m e s with relapses following a primary CNS disease e p i s o d e , in o n e instance (with HeV), fourteen m o n t h s ...
... from severe to m i l d disease in the respiratory tract, in addition to disease in the CNS. T h e s a m e s y m p t o m s h a v e also b e e n observed in h u m a n s , s o m e t i m e s with relapses following a primary CNS disease e p i s o d e , in o n e instance (with HeV), fourteen m o n t h s ...
DETECTION OF INFECTIOUS BRONCHITIS VIRUS
... economic losses in poultry and can be involved in respiratory disease, nephritis, and both poor egg production and quality. However, these signs are not specific to IBV. Therefore, diagnostic tools are needed to identify IBV infections in relation to a clinical problem in the field. This may also in ...
... economic losses in poultry and can be involved in respiratory disease, nephritis, and both poor egg production and quality. However, these signs are not specific to IBV. Therefore, diagnostic tools are needed to identify IBV infections in relation to a clinical problem in the field. This may also in ...
Outbreak of Cryptosporidiosis Among
... Responders noted that most of the calves had scours. Deceased calves were loaded into the wrecked truck and towed to the local sale barn. The next day, towing company employees returned to the sale barn and loaded the carcasses onto another truck for shipment to a rendering plant. Following the repo ...
... Responders noted that most of the calves had scours. Deceased calves were loaded into the wrecked truck and towed to the local sale barn. The next day, towing company employees returned to the sale barn and loaded the carcasses onto another truck for shipment to a rendering plant. Following the repo ...
Virus survival in the environment
... Three of the numerous studies conducted on insects as possible survival hosts of enteroviruses are cited here. In one study (16), poliovirus types 1 a n d 3 were fed to two groups of blowflies (Phoenicia sericata) via sugar cubes contaminated with 1 0 P F U / c u b e . The flies were then alternatel ...
... Three of the numerous studies conducted on insects as possible survival hosts of enteroviruses are cited here. In one study (16), poliovirus types 1 a n d 3 were fed to two groups of blowflies (Phoenicia sericata) via sugar cubes contaminated with 1 0 P F U / c u b e . The flies were then alternatel ...
Influenza virus characterisation, summary Europe, July 2016
... As described in many previous reports3, influenza A(H3N2) viruses continue to be difficult to characterise antigenically by HI assay due to variable agglutination of red blood cells (RBCs) from guinea pigs, turkeys and humans or the loss of the ability of viruses to agglutinate any of these RBCs. Th ...
... As described in many previous reports3, influenza A(H3N2) viruses continue to be difficult to characterise antigenically by HI assay due to variable agglutination of red blood cells (RBCs) from guinea pigs, turkeys and humans or the loss of the ability of viruses to agglutinate any of these RBCs. Th ...
Colds and flu - Pharmaceutical Society of Australia
... antigenic change, and only antigenic drifts in the haemagglutinin have been described. Most cases of flu occur within a 6–8 week period around winter and spring. Type B causes a similar, though possibly milder infection than Type A. It can cause epidemics but has no intermediate host. Influenza Type ...
... antigenic change, and only antigenic drifts in the haemagglutinin have been described. Most cases of flu occur within a 6–8 week period around winter and spring. Type B causes a similar, though possibly milder infection than Type A. It can cause epidemics but has no intermediate host. Influenza Type ...
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Avian Influenza and
... countries have been caused by the H5N1 strain. Very infrequently avian influenza viruses are transmissible to humans. Currently the H5N1 strain of avian influenza has caused human cases and deaths in several countries. Latest updates are available from the Public Health England (formerly Health Prot ...
... countries have been caused by the H5N1 strain. Very infrequently avian influenza viruses are transmissible to humans. Currently the H5N1 strain of avian influenza has caused human cases and deaths in several countries. Latest updates are available from the Public Health England (formerly Health Prot ...
Outbreak of Ebola virus disease in West Africa - ECDC
... and Liberia. This is the first such outbreak in the area. The first cases were reported from the forested region of south-eastern Guinea. As of 7 April 2014, the Ministry of Health in Guinea reported 151 clinically compatible cases of EVD, 54 of which were laboratory-confirmed by PCR. Ninety-five of ...
... and Liberia. This is the first such outbreak in the area. The first cases were reported from the forested region of south-eastern Guinea. As of 7 April 2014, the Ministry of Health in Guinea reported 151 clinically compatible cases of EVD, 54 of which were laboratory-confirmed by PCR. Ninety-five of ...
Enforcement Procedures for Very High Occupational Exposure Risk
... workers and employers in the state of Maryland. [Ref. 3, Appendix H] OSHA and several other public health agencies have developed recommendations to assist employers in preparing their workplaces to minimize transmission of a pandemic virus. A worker's risk of occupational exposure during an influen ...
... workers and employers in the state of Maryland. [Ref. 3, Appendix H] OSHA and several other public health agencies have developed recommendations to assist employers in preparing their workplaces to minimize transmission of a pandemic virus. A worker's risk of occupational exposure during an influen ...