generalsciencenotes - Geoscience Research Institute
... drew the westerlys. To the west of this atmospheric basin, the normally westerly winds reversed themselves and blew in the opposite direction, probably attracted by the low-pressure area. The current El Niño event was anomalous in that a second cell of warm water developed in the western Pacific in ...
... drew the westerlys. To the west of this atmospheric basin, the normally westerly winds reversed themselves and blew in the opposite direction, probably attracted by the low-pressure area. The current El Niño event was anomalous in that a second cell of warm water developed in the western Pacific in ...
ocean zones
... The tallest mountains, the deepest valleys, and the flattest plains on earth are all on the ocean floor! ...
... The tallest mountains, the deepest valleys, and the flattest plains on earth are all on the ocean floor! ...
Biomes
... • Snow cover in the Swiss Alps: 300 m higher than today • Parts of southern Europe will receive 20% less precipitation • Cause major economic upheavals ...
... • Snow cover in the Swiss Alps: 300 m higher than today • Parts of southern Europe will receive 20% less precipitation • Cause major economic upheavals ...
Ch 58 Notes
... • Snow cover in the Swiss Alps: 300 m higher than today • Parts of southern Europe will receive 20% less precipitation • Cause major economic upheavals ...
... • Snow cover in the Swiss Alps: 300 m higher than today • Parts of southern Europe will receive 20% less precipitation • Cause major economic upheavals ...
Eutrophication: managing a growing problem in aquatic systems
... bloom (HAB). This new descriptor applies not only to microscopic algae but also to benthic or planktonic macroalgae which can proliferate in response to anthropogenic nutrient enrichment, leading to major ecological impacts such as the displacement of indigenous species, habitat alteration, or oxyge ...
... bloom (HAB). This new descriptor applies not only to microscopic algae but also to benthic or planktonic macroalgae which can proliferate in response to anthropogenic nutrient enrichment, leading to major ecological impacts such as the displacement of indigenous species, habitat alteration, or oxyge ...
Surface Currents
... of wind and water to the right or left that is caused by Earth’s rotation. It causes fluids such as air and water to curve to the right in the Northern hemisphere, in a clockwise direction. ...
... of wind and water to the right or left that is caused by Earth’s rotation. It causes fluids such as air and water to curve to the right in the Northern hemisphere, in a clockwise direction. ...
Ch 17 Plate Tectonics
... enough climate to grow the fern d. Climate data i. _________deposits have been found in Antarctica It forms from dead swamp plants. Swamps only occur in an area that is _________ This indicates that Antarctica was once ______________________ and closer to the ______________________ ii. _____________ ...
... enough climate to grow the fern d. Climate data i. _________deposits have been found in Antarctica It forms from dead swamp plants. Swamps only occur in an area that is _________ This indicates that Antarctica was once ______________________ and closer to the ______________________ ii. _____________ ...
Volcanoes
... • A volcano is a weak spot in Earth’s crust where magma is able to come through and reach the surface. • Magma is a combination of molten (melted) rock, gases and water. • Once it reaches the surface it is called lava. This does not mean the substance has changed, it hasn’t. It just means it has rea ...
... • A volcano is a weak spot in Earth’s crust where magma is able to come through and reach the surface. • Magma is a combination of molten (melted) rock, gases and water. • Once it reaches the surface it is called lava. This does not mean the substance has changed, it hasn’t. It just means it has rea ...
Slide 1
... The subduction process: 1-new oceanic crust is hot, but as it moves away from the mid-ocean ridge it cools down and becomes more ...
... The subduction process: 1-new oceanic crust is hot, but as it moves away from the mid-ocean ridge it cools down and becomes more ...
The Ocean Floor
... the deep ocean, sediment, derived mostly from land, settles constantly on the ocean floor. ...
... the deep ocean, sediment, derived mostly from land, settles constantly on the ocean floor. ...
Test 3 Review
... Deep Sea Fans are reservoirs for vast majority of sediment input to the ocean. Oceanic trench - narrow and deep trough, ocean crust is __________________. Middle oceanic ridge – ...
... Deep Sea Fans are reservoirs for vast majority of sediment input to the ocean. Oceanic trench - narrow and deep trough, ocean crust is __________________. Middle oceanic ridge – ...
Lecture 1a Plate Tectonics
... • Similar rocks separated by the Atlantic • Similar climate markers (glacial striations) separated by the Atlantic • Similar fossils separated by the Atlantic ...
... • Similar rocks separated by the Atlantic • Similar climate markers (glacial striations) separated by the Atlantic • Similar fossils separated by the Atlantic ...
Plate Tectonics 1
... • Sea floor increases in age and is more deeply buried by sediment away from the ridge because sediments have had a longer time to collect. • Rates of sea-floor spreading vary from 1 to 10 cm per year for each side of the ridge and can be determined by dating magnetic anomaly stripes of the sea floo ...
... • Sea floor increases in age and is more deeply buried by sediment away from the ridge because sediments have had a longer time to collect. • Rates of sea-floor spreading vary from 1 to 10 cm per year for each side of the ridge and can be determined by dating magnetic anomaly stripes of the sea floo ...
Hydrothermal Vents
... Hot water streaming out of vents often plumes for 200 meters above the sea floor because it is less dense than surrounding cold water. Plumes probably carry larva into nearby currents. However, this still may not account for the great distances between vents. Scientists continue to test other hypoth ...
... Hot water streaming out of vents often plumes for 200 meters above the sea floor because it is less dense than surrounding cold water. Plumes probably carry larva into nearby currents. However, this still may not account for the great distances between vents. Scientists continue to test other hypoth ...
Surface water productivity and paleoceanographic
... distinctly lower (<20 g C m2 a1) during the ice-covered Neogene compared to the ice-free, warm, and biologically active early Paleogene (50–100 g C m2 a1). Nitrogen isotope measurements from late Paleocene to early Eocene sediments provide evidence for a stepwise stratification and nutrient dep ...
... distinctly lower (<20 g C m2 a1) during the ice-covered Neogene compared to the ice-free, warm, and biologically active early Paleogene (50–100 g C m2 a1). Nitrogen isotope measurements from late Paleocene to early Eocene sediments provide evidence for a stepwise stratification and nutrient dep ...
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... arth is a dynamic planet—its surface is in constant motion and continually changing. Driven from deep within the earth, movements of the great tectonic plates are the fundamental driving forces that change the shape of our planet. On geological time scales, these forces tear apart continents and bui ...
... arth is a dynamic planet—its surface is in constant motion and continually changing. Driven from deep within the earth, movements of the great tectonic plates are the fundamental driving forces that change the shape of our planet. On geological time scales, these forces tear apart continents and bui ...
Nat Sci 102 Name
... beneath Earth’s surface. This circulation of mantle material causes the continental and oceanic plates to move across Earth’s surface. At various locations on Earth’s surface, we are able to observe plates colliding, plates separating, and plates moving horizontally. The drawing below shows a cross ...
... beneath Earth’s surface. This circulation of mantle material causes the continental and oceanic plates to move across Earth’s surface. At various locations on Earth’s surface, we are able to observe plates colliding, plates separating, and plates moving horizontally. The drawing below shows a cross ...
I-6 Dynamic Planet Notes
... Evidence for the existence of Pangea Former continent-continent collisions Are found in the interiors of continents Believed to be where earlier continents joined to form Pangea Example, the Appalachian Mountains in North America ...
... Evidence for the existence of Pangea Former continent-continent collisions Are found in the interiors of continents Believed to be where earlier continents joined to form Pangea Example, the Appalachian Mountains in North America ...
Living in an Active Zone
... • Where it involves oceanic and continental crust, the oceanic crust is always subducted below the continental because it is denser. • The subduction of the oceanic crust creates a deep sea trench and earthquakes are formed at the subduction zone. • Fold mountains are created on the continental crus ...
... • Where it involves oceanic and continental crust, the oceanic crust is always subducted below the continental because it is denser. • The subduction of the oceanic crust creates a deep sea trench and earthquakes are formed at the subduction zone. • Fold mountains are created on the continental crus ...
Oceanography
... affects ocean surface currents. The Coriolis Effect acts on moving water, because it is not attached to the rotating Earth. As water flows over the rotating earth, it appears to deflect to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and the left in the Southern. ...
... affects ocean surface currents. The Coriolis Effect acts on moving water, because it is not attached to the rotating Earth. As water flows over the rotating earth, it appears to deflect to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and the left in the Southern. ...
Short-Hand Notes
... (I) The first tidal bulge forms as water is pulled towards the moon from the sides of the earth (II) The second tidal bulge forms because the water from the sides of the earth cant all fit on the side of facing the moon, so some of it drains to the exact opposite side F) How do to determine high tid ...
... (I) The first tidal bulge forms as water is pulled towards the moon from the sides of the earth (II) The second tidal bulge forms because the water from the sides of the earth cant all fit on the side of facing the moon, so some of it drains to the exact opposite side F) How do to determine high tid ...
Lesson 11 - Subduction Boundary Volcanism
... and divergent boundaries. Very little volcanic activity is seen at transform fault boundaries. Volcanism associated with plate tectonic activity are found in three areas on Earth; 1) Ridges (or spreading centers) Reference: 2) Subduction zones 3) Interior of tectonic plates. ...
... and divergent boundaries. Very little volcanic activity is seen at transform fault boundaries. Volcanism associated with plate tectonic activity are found in three areas on Earth; 1) Ridges (or spreading centers) Reference: 2) Subduction zones 3) Interior of tectonic plates. ...
Students must know the following vocabulary: Plate tectonics
... each layer? - What is the state of matter of each layer (solid/rigid, liquid, gas, plastic?)? - What are the properties of the two types of crust (oceanic/continental)? ...
... each layer? - What is the state of matter of each layer (solid/rigid, liquid, gas, plastic?)? - What are the properties of the two types of crust (oceanic/continental)? ...
S6E3 1. On most ocean shorelines, the water rises slowly and
... Part B A tsunami can form when the movement of the tectonic plates on the ocean floor displaces enough water to change the wave pattern of the ocean. Part C Tides are caused by the gravitational attraction of Earth, the sun, and the moon. Tsunamis are caused by the force of tectonic plates shifting ...
... Part B A tsunami can form when the movement of the tectonic plates on the ocean floor displaces enough water to change the wave pattern of the ocean. Part C Tides are caused by the gravitational attraction of Earth, the sun, and the moon. Tsunamis are caused by the force of tectonic plates shifting ...
Anoxic event
Oceanic anoxic events or anoxic events (Anoxia conditions) refer to intervals in the Earth's past where portions of oceans become depleted in oxygen (O2) at depths over a large geographic area. During some of these events, euxinia develops - euxinia refers to anoxic waters that contain H2S hydrogen sulfide. Although anoxic events have not happened for millions of years, the geological record shows that they happened many times in the past. Anoxic events coincide with several mass extinctions and may contribute to these events. These mass extinctions include some that geobiologists use as time markers in biostratigraphic dating. It is believed oceanic anoxic events are strongly linked to slowing of ocean circulation, climatic warming and elevated levels of greenhouse gases. Enhanced volcanism (through the release of CO2 and other greenhouse gases) is the proposed central external trigger for the development of these events.