Compositional and density stratification in oceanic lithosphere
... mineral assemblage (olivine-orthopyroxene) is stable throughout the depth of the assumed depleted zone (8 to 29 km). If the high temperature region of the ridge crest is ignored, two mineral assemblages are expected in the undepleted zone (MacGregor x964) : ( I ) spinel-aluminous clinopyroxene-alumi ...
... mineral assemblage (olivine-orthopyroxene) is stable throughout the depth of the assumed depleted zone (8 to 29 km). If the high temperature region of the ridge crest is ignored, two mineral assemblages are expected in the undepleted zone (MacGregor x964) : ( I ) spinel-aluminous clinopyroxene-alumi ...
Evidence for strong sediment redistribution by bottom currents along
... bottom-water currents have a signi"cant erosive capacity that generates a large nepheloid layer. This layer consists of both terrigenous and biogenous particles from bottom sediments (Barron et al., 1991; Ehrmann and Grobe, 1991). In some places, such as along the western margin of the basin, the AA ...
... bottom-water currents have a signi"cant erosive capacity that generates a large nepheloid layer. This layer consists of both terrigenous and biogenous particles from bottom sediments (Barron et al., 1991; Ehrmann and Grobe, 1991). In some places, such as along the western margin of the basin, the AA ...
Antipodal hotspots and bipolar catastrophes: Were oceanic large
... difference) or overlap. Monte Carlo simulations indicate that the antipodal primary hotspots’ locations and ages are not due to chance at the N 99% confidence level ( p b 0.01). All hotspot pairs include at least one oceanic hotspot, and these are consistently opposite those hotspots related to larg ...
... difference) or overlap. Monte Carlo simulations indicate that the antipodal primary hotspots’ locations and ages are not due to chance at the N 99% confidence level ( p b 0.01). All hotspot pairs include at least one oceanic hotspot, and these are consistently opposite those hotspots related to larg ...
G163S10L15_enso_ROD
... Sea surface temperatures are decreasing across much of the Pacific Ocean. Based on current observations and dynamical model forecasts, a transition to ENSO-neutral conditions is expected by June 2010, which will continue into the Northern Hemisphere summer 2010. Although most models predict ENSO- ...
... Sea surface temperatures are decreasing across much of the Pacific Ocean. Based on current observations and dynamical model forecasts, a transition to ENSO-neutral conditions is expected by June 2010, which will continue into the Northern Hemisphere summer 2010. Although most models predict ENSO- ...
Scientific Synthesis of the Impacts of Ocean Fertilization
... give you another ice age,” giving rise to the concept of “ocean fertilization.” With the predicted increases in atmospheric CO2 concentrations and the impact that this will have on humankind and life on Earth, all ideas and concepts to mitigate climate change have to be considered—controversial or n ...
... give you another ice age,” giving rise to the concept of “ocean fertilization.” With the predicted increases in atmospheric CO2 concentrations and the impact that this will have on humankind and life on Earth, all ideas and concepts to mitigate climate change have to be considered—controversial or n ...
(2013) Porous fluid flow enables oceanic subduction initiation on
... Figure 3. Parametrical study. Vertical scale values signify the age of the subducting slab (Ma); horizontal scale represents either internal friction coefficient (Figures 3a, 3b, and 3d) or the transform fault width (km; Figure 3c); gray area denotes stagnant lid regime, purple stands for subductio ...
... Figure 3. Parametrical study. Vertical scale values signify the age of the subducting slab (Ma); horizontal scale represents either internal friction coefficient (Figures 3a, 3b, and 3d) or the transform fault width (km; Figure 3c); gray area denotes stagnant lid regime, purple stands for subductio ...
Caribbean Geology - An Introduction
... Chortis Block (Honduras, southeastern Guatemala, El Sal- ...
... Chortis Block (Honduras, southeastern Guatemala, El Sal- ...
Scientific Ocean Drilling of Mid-Ocean Ridge and Ridge
... processes, the seawater-crust chemical exchange and heat flux, and the diversity of subseafloor microbiology. The remainder of the morning of Day 1 was devoted to talks on the engineering and technology of ocean crustal drilling, including an overview of the history of DSDP/ODP/IODP projects, new te ...
... processes, the seawater-crust chemical exchange and heat flux, and the diversity of subseafloor microbiology. The remainder of the morning of Day 1 was devoted to talks on the engineering and technology of ocean crustal drilling, including an overview of the history of DSDP/ODP/IODP projects, new te ...
Authigenic iron oxide proxies for marine zinc over
... 1989; Lohan et al., 2002). Studies of marine cyanobacteria have found little to no measurable Zn requirement under the conditions tested thus far in the globally abundant Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus (Sunda & Huntsman, 1995; Saito et al., 2002). In contrast, eukaryotic phytoplankton have been o ...
... 1989; Lohan et al., 2002). Studies of marine cyanobacteria have found little to no measurable Zn requirement under the conditions tested thus far in the globally abundant Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus (Sunda & Huntsman, 1995; Saito et al., 2002). In contrast, eukaryotic phytoplankton have been o ...
Survival and settling of larval Macoma balthica in
... (OA), which includes changes in the inorganic carbon balance of the seawater coupled with a decrease in pH, is occurring at a rate faster than experienced in the geological past (Hönisch et al., 2012), and is expected to pose a major threat to marine ecosystems worldwide (Orr et al., 2005; Fabry et ...
... (OA), which includes changes in the inorganic carbon balance of the seawater coupled with a decrease in pH, is occurring at a rate faster than experienced in the geological past (Hönisch et al., 2012), and is expected to pose a major threat to marine ecosystems worldwide (Orr et al., 2005; Fabry et ...
An analysis of young ocean depth, gravity and global residual
... & Francheteau 1970; Davis & Lister 1974). One explanation is dynamic topography related to plate motions, such as that described by Phipps Morgan & Smith (1992). However, these viscous forces are uncompensated, so should be associated with significant gravity anomalies, which, by definition, our var ...
... & Francheteau 1970; Davis & Lister 1974). One explanation is dynamic topography related to plate motions, such as that described by Phipps Morgan & Smith (1992). However, these viscous forces are uncompensated, so should be associated with significant gravity anomalies, which, by definition, our var ...
Gravitational Potential Energy Sinks in the Oceans
... related to these issues. The time evolution of the stratification in the upper ocean is rather complex. This part of the ocean is commonly described in terms of the mixed layer. The mixed layer has an annual and a seasonal cycle. Although density in the mixed layer can be considered as roughly homog ...
... related to these issues. The time evolution of the stratification in the upper ocean is rather complex. This part of the ocean is commonly described in terms of the mixed layer. The mixed layer has an annual and a seasonal cycle. Although density in the mixed layer can be considered as roughly homog ...
Radiozoa (Acantharia, Phaeodaria and Radiolaria) and Heliozoa
... Fossil radiolarians are frequently found in chert horizons. Nodular cherts found interbedded with calcareous pelagic sediments of Mesozoic and Cenozoic age are probably deep-water deposits formed below belts of upwelling plankton-rich waters, as at the present day (see Casey 1989). The massive and r ...
... Fossil radiolarians are frequently found in chert horizons. Nodular cherts found interbedded with calcareous pelagic sediments of Mesozoic and Cenozoic age are probably deep-water deposits formed below belts of upwelling plankton-rich waters, as at the present day (see Casey 1989). The massive and r ...
Crustal thinning of the northern continental margin of the South
... ocean boundary (COB) of the SCS defined by Briais et al. (1993) almost coincides with the 3000 m-isobath, near the base of the continental slope (Figure 1). However, due to lack of good correlated magnetic data and deep seismic profiles, most previous studies did not suggest the existence of oceanic c ...
... ocean boundary (COB) of the SCS defined by Briais et al. (1993) almost coincides with the 3000 m-isobath, near the base of the continental slope (Figure 1). However, due to lack of good correlated magnetic data and deep seismic profiles, most previous studies did not suggest the existence of oceanic c ...
The Impact of Submesoscale Physics on Primary Productivity of
... The factors that modulate the growth of phytoplankton are complex, depending on the species and their physiological characteristics. But broadly, and for the purposes of this discussion, light and nutrients are regarded as the primary drivers of phytoplankton primary production. Phytoplankton abunda ...
... The factors that modulate the growth of phytoplankton are complex, depending on the species and their physiological characteristics. But broadly, and for the purposes of this discussion, light and nutrients are regarded as the primary drivers of phytoplankton primary production. Phytoplankton abunda ...
Anoxic event
Oceanic anoxic events or anoxic events (Anoxia conditions) refer to intervals in the Earth's past where portions of oceans become depleted in oxygen (O2) at depths over a large geographic area. During some of these events, euxinia develops - euxinia refers to anoxic waters that contain H2S hydrogen sulfide. Although anoxic events have not happened for millions of years, the geological record shows that they happened many times in the past. Anoxic events coincide with several mass extinctions and may contribute to these events. These mass extinctions include some that geobiologists use as time markers in biostratigraphic dating. It is believed oceanic anoxic events are strongly linked to slowing of ocean circulation, climatic warming and elevated levels of greenhouse gases. Enhanced volcanism (through the release of CO2 and other greenhouse gases) is the proposed central external trigger for the development of these events.