Mid-ocean ridges
... whereas the upper parts must be variably depleted due to magma extraction at the ridge axis. The oceanic crust, comprising the upper 8-10 km of the lithosphere, also has its origins at the ridge axis due to the extrusion and intrusion of basaltic magma. It has a well layered layer structure (deduced ...
... whereas the upper parts must be variably depleted due to magma extraction at the ridge axis. The oceanic crust, comprising the upper 8-10 km of the lithosphere, also has its origins at the ridge axis due to the extrusion and intrusion of basaltic magma. It has a well layered layer structure (deduced ...
Processes determining the marine alkalinity and calcium carbonate
... low-Alk∗ , high-salinity open-ocean water. Net precipitation in the tropics and net evaporation in the subtropics widens the histograms across a range of salinities and alkalinities without affecting Alk∗ in Fig. 5a, b, and c. The Alk∗ elevation associated with upwelled water is most visible in Fig. ...
... low-Alk∗ , high-salinity open-ocean water. Net precipitation in the tropics and net evaporation in the subtropics widens the histograms across a range of salinities and alkalinities without affecting Alk∗ in Fig. 5a, b, and c. The Alk∗ elevation associated with upwelled water is most visible in Fig. ...
Fast and slow spreading ridges - Archimer
... Different parts of the world ridge system have quite different morphologies, which reflect different constructional processes. It appears that hydrothermal circulation at all spreading centers is an important exchange process between the ocean and the newly formed oceanic crust. This hydrothermal ci ...
... Different parts of the world ridge system have quite different morphologies, which reflect different constructional processes. It appears that hydrothermal circulation at all spreading centers is an important exchange process between the ocean and the newly formed oceanic crust. This hydrothermal ci ...
9/11/01
... In these calculations, we have been assuming that we have plenty of the ‘other reactants’ - plenty of AgNO3for CaCl2 but what if I have limited quantities of both reactants? Which quantity determines the amount of product? Limiting reactant – a substance that limits the amount of product(s) that can ...
... In these calculations, we have been assuming that we have plenty of the ‘other reactants’ - plenty of AgNO3for CaCl2 but what if I have limited quantities of both reactants? Which quantity determines the amount of product? Limiting reactant – a substance that limits the amount of product(s) that can ...
Weathering
... Erosion, and Deposition? Earth’s surface is constantly being changed by water, glaciers, wind, and gravity. Sometimes the change is slow. As we talk about weathering, erosion, and deposition, remember that cataclysmic events can produce changes that are rapid and dramatic. What events in the ...
... Erosion, and Deposition? Earth’s surface is constantly being changed by water, glaciers, wind, and gravity. Sometimes the change is slow. As we talk about weathering, erosion, and deposition, remember that cataclysmic events can produce changes that are rapid and dramatic. What events in the ...
Metal Stable Isotopes in Paleoceanography
... altering the rates of carbon sequestration (e.g., Boyd et al. 2000, Coale et al. 1996, Martin et al. 1990), generating intense interest in the sources, sinks, and species of Fe in the oceans and in the mechanisms of Fe uptake and utilization by marine microorganisms (especially phytoplankton). Beyon ...
... altering the rates of carbon sequestration (e.g., Boyd et al. 2000, Coale et al. 1996, Martin et al. 1990), generating intense interest in the sources, sinks, and species of Fe in the oceans and in the mechanisms of Fe uptake and utilization by marine microorganisms (especially phytoplankton). Beyon ...
IOC Regional Committee for the Southern Ocean (Sixth Session
... the understanding of the world’s climate system and climate change, as well as for the global cycling of carbon and other elements. Moreover, the Southern Ocean is a potential source of prominent marine living resources. In order to promote international coordination of Southern Ocean scientific act ...
... the understanding of the world’s climate system and climate change, as well as for the global cycling of carbon and other elements. Moreover, the Southern Ocean is a potential source of prominent marine living resources. In order to promote international coordination of Southern Ocean scientific act ...
The deep-sea floor ecosystem - School of Ocean and Earth Science
... energy are all relatively low in the deep sea, increasing the potential sensitivity to human impacts (Table 1). Species diversity, in terms of the number of species per sample, is relatively high in the deep sea, again likely making the habitat more sensitive to human impacts (there are more species ...
... energy are all relatively low in the deep sea, increasing the potential sensitivity to human impacts (Table 1). Species diversity, in terms of the number of species per sample, is relatively high in the deep sea, again likely making the habitat more sensitive to human impacts (there are more species ...
Anbar and Rouxel, Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.
... altering the rates of carbon sequestration (e.g., Boyd et al. 2000, Coale et al. 1996, Martin et al. 1990), generating intense interest in the sources, sinks, and species of Fe in the oceans and in the mechanisms of Fe uptake and utilization by marine microorganisms (especially phytoplankton). Beyon ...
... altering the rates of carbon sequestration (e.g., Boyd et al. 2000, Coale et al. 1996, Martin et al. 1990), generating intense interest in the sources, sinks, and species of Fe in the oceans and in the mechanisms of Fe uptake and utilization by marine microorganisms (especially phytoplankton). Beyon ...
Resource Supply Overrides Temperature as a Controlling Factor of
... degree of temperature dependence exists in nature, where resources are often limiting. Here we use concurrent measurements of phytoplankton biomass and carbon fixation rates in polar, temperate and tropical regions to determine the role of temperature and resource supply in controlling the large-sca ...
... degree of temperature dependence exists in nature, where resources are often limiting. Here we use concurrent measurements of phytoplankton biomass and carbon fixation rates in polar, temperate and tropical regions to determine the role of temperature and resource supply in controlling the large-sca ...
- AMS Tesi di Dottorato
... (Penedos de São Pedro). Studying its biology and zoology, I observed that actually these islets do not have a carbonate platform, but there are some species of corals and green algae that live in the Caribbean Sea. The absence of a carbonate platform is probably due to the continuous uplift of the i ...
... (Penedos de São Pedro). Studying its biology and zoology, I observed that actually these islets do not have a carbonate platform, but there are some species of corals and green algae that live in the Caribbean Sea. The absence of a carbonate platform is probably due to the continuous uplift of the i ...
A scientific critique of oceanic iron fertilization as a climate
... Iron is an essential trace element for almost all living organisms. For phytoplankton, microscopic photosynthetic organisms dominated by single-celled algae that inhabit the surface waters of the oceans, iron is necessary for a number of cellular functions including the synthesis of chlorophyll, a p ...
... Iron is an essential trace element for almost all living organisms. For phytoplankton, microscopic photosynthetic organisms dominated by single-celled algae that inhabit the surface waters of the oceans, iron is necessary for a number of cellular functions including the synthesis of chlorophyll, a p ...
Fate of contaminants in Baltic Sea sediment ecosystems: the role of bioturbation
... affected by stressors such as eutrophication-induced anoxic conditions and invading alien species. The main objectives of this thesis were to determine the effects of bioturbation on contaminant fluxes in Baltic Sea sediments and to increase the understanding of how these other stressors act togethe ...
... affected by stressors such as eutrophication-induced anoxic conditions and invading alien species. The main objectives of this thesis were to determine the effects of bioturbation on contaminant fluxes in Baltic Sea sediments and to increase the understanding of how these other stressors act togethe ...
Global sediment core-top calibration of the TEX86
... sediment core-top dataset is biased toward the South Atlantic and dominated by continental margin sediments, it encompasses the entire range of temperatures and various geographic provinces. Sediment core tops also include a large range of water depths: epipelagic (38), mesopelagic (42), bathypelagi ...
... sediment core-top dataset is biased toward the South Atlantic and dominated by continental margin sediments, it encompasses the entire range of temperatures and various geographic provinces. Sediment core tops also include a large range of water depths: epipelagic (38), mesopelagic (42), bathypelagi ...
Role of the low-latitude ocean
... models and OGCMs. Archer et al. [2000b] suggested that diffusive mixing in OGCMs enhanced their low-latitude sensitivity, and showed that a 2-dimensional circulation model could be made to span the range of sensitivities of box models and OGCMs by adjusting the diffusive mixing in the model, with hi ...
... models and OGCMs. Archer et al. [2000b] suggested that diffusive mixing in OGCMs enhanced their low-latitude sensitivity, and showed that a 2-dimensional circulation model could be made to span the range of sensitivities of box models and OGCMs by adjusting the diffusive mixing in the model, with hi ...
ocean acidification resulting from
... In 2004 OSPAR convention for the protection of the marine environment of the north east atlantic noted the report from the Group of Jurists and Linguists (JL) on placement of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the OSPAR maritime area (OIC 04/11/1). As a follow up to this report, it was identified that further ...
... In 2004 OSPAR convention for the protection of the marine environment of the north east atlantic noted the report from the Group of Jurists and Linguists (JL) on placement of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the OSPAR maritime area (OIC 04/11/1). As a follow up to this report, it was identified that further ...
Impacts of hypoxia on the structure and processes in pelagic
... on the survival of certain species with consequent changes in species composition, trophic relationships, and productivity. Hypoxic conditions occur worldwide and continue to expand in spatial extent (Stramma et al., 2008). Hypoxia is best documented in coastal areas or semi-enclosed seas (Diaz and ...
... on the survival of certain species with consequent changes in species composition, trophic relationships, and productivity. Hypoxic conditions occur worldwide and continue to expand in spatial extent (Stramma et al., 2008). Hypoxia is best documented in coastal areas or semi-enclosed seas (Diaz and ...
Where and why do large shallow intraslab earthquakes occur?
... was felt in a wide area, which is a characteristic feature of intraslab events in this area. The 1905 Geiyo earthquake (Event 4) occurred northwest of Shikoku. Close to the epicenter of this earthquake, a large earthquake (the 2001 Geiyo earthquake, Event 3, Mw 6.8) occurred on 24 March 2001 at a de ...
... was felt in a wide area, which is a characteristic feature of intraslab events in this area. The 1905 Geiyo earthquake (Event 4) occurred northwest of Shikoku. Close to the epicenter of this earthquake, a large earthquake (the 2001 Geiyo earthquake, Event 3, Mw 6.8) occurred on 24 March 2001 at a de ...
Original Article Interpretation and design of ocean acidification experiments
... foodwebs and major fisheries (Fréon et al., 2009). However, subsurface and newly upwelled waters naturally exhibit low O2 and high CO2 concentrations due to the remineralization of organic material exported from surface layers. Consequently, they have a reduced capacity to buffer against changes in ...
... foodwebs and major fisheries (Fréon et al., 2009). However, subsurface and newly upwelled waters naturally exhibit low O2 and high CO2 concentrations due to the remineralization of organic material exported from surface layers. Consequently, they have a reduced capacity to buffer against changes in ...
Asymmetric ocean basins - Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra
... The bathymetry of rift zones is, in general, asymmetric: the eastern flank is in average slightly shallower (100–300 m) than the western flank (Doglioni et al., 2003) (see Fig. DR1). Since the mantle becomes depleted in Fe when it melts beneath a ridge (Oxburgh and Parmentier, 1977), and it moves ea ...
... The bathymetry of rift zones is, in general, asymmetric: the eastern flank is in average slightly shallower (100–300 m) than the western flank (Doglioni et al., 2003) (see Fig. DR1). Since the mantle becomes depleted in Fe when it melts beneath a ridge (Oxburgh and Parmentier, 1977), and it moves ea ...
Interpretation and design of ocean acidification experiments in
... foodwebs and major fisheries (Fréon et al., 2009). However, subsurface and newly upwelled waters naturally exhibit low O2 and high CO2 concentrations due to the remineralization of organic material exported from surface layers. Consequently, they have a reduced capacity to buffer against changes in ...
... foodwebs and major fisheries (Fréon et al., 2009). However, subsurface and newly upwelled waters naturally exhibit low O2 and high CO2 concentrations due to the remineralization of organic material exported from surface layers. Consequently, they have a reduced capacity to buffer against changes in ...
Anoxic event
Oceanic anoxic events or anoxic events (Anoxia conditions) refer to intervals in the Earth's past where portions of oceans become depleted in oxygen (O2) at depths over a large geographic area. During some of these events, euxinia develops - euxinia refers to anoxic waters that contain H2S hydrogen sulfide. Although anoxic events have not happened for millions of years, the geological record shows that they happened many times in the past. Anoxic events coincide with several mass extinctions and may contribute to these events. These mass extinctions include some that geobiologists use as time markers in biostratigraphic dating. It is believed oceanic anoxic events are strongly linked to slowing of ocean circulation, climatic warming and elevated levels of greenhouse gases. Enhanced volcanism (through the release of CO2 and other greenhouse gases) is the proposed central external trigger for the development of these events.