![Equatorial ocean circulation in an extremely warm climate](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/004805881_1-402fb60bb1bfe1af69d6930a9f82fd12-300x300.png)
Equatorial ocean circulation in an extremely warm climate
... data available from this time interval suggest that the pole-toequator temperature gradient was half that of today and that deep water temperatures were some 10° – 12°C warmer than today [Kennett and Stott, 1991; Pak and Miller, 1992; Zachos et al., 1994]. Dust records indicate that atmospheric circ ...
... data available from this time interval suggest that the pole-toequator temperature gradient was half that of today and that deep water temperatures were some 10° – 12°C warmer than today [Kennett and Stott, 1991; Pak and Miller, 1992; Zachos et al., 1994]. Dust records indicate that atmospheric circ ...
Chemistry of Sea water
... carbonate by organisms, which reduces the quantity of calcium in solution, takes place at a certain season or in certain parts of the sea, but upon the death of the organisms the calcium carbonate may dissolve in other regions. Although small regional differences may result from such processes, the ...
... carbonate by organisms, which reduces the quantity of calcium in solution, takes place at a certain season or in certain parts of the sea, but upon the death of the organisms the calcium carbonate may dissolve in other regions. Although small regional differences may result from such processes, the ...
Transport of toxic dinoflagellates via ships` ballast
... ABSTRACT: The results of 10 yr of Australian research efforts on transport of toxic dinoflagellate cysts via ships' ballast water are reviewed, supplemented with the conclusions of similar studies now underway in Europe, Israel, North America, Canada, Japan, China and New Zealand Toxic dinoflagellat ...
... ABSTRACT: The results of 10 yr of Australian research efforts on transport of toxic dinoflagellate cysts via ships' ballast water are reviewed, supplemented with the conclusions of similar studies now underway in Europe, Israel, North America, Canada, Japan, China and New Zealand Toxic dinoflagellat ...
Consultative Draft, V5 November, 2016
... through a range of observation techniques. Among these activities are marine capture fisheries, bioprospecting, oil and gas extraction, and mining for seabed minerals (Mengerink et al. 2014): ...
... through a range of observation techniques. Among these activities are marine capture fisheries, bioprospecting, oil and gas extraction, and mining for seabed minerals (Mengerink et al. 2014): ...
Biogeography of planktonic and benthic
... with time, indicating cyanobacteria were likely outcompeted by other phytoplankton in incubations. Our results show that cyanobacterial community structure may be affected by runoff from terrestrial habitats, but that the composition of cyanobacterial communities inhabiting these locations is also s ...
... with time, indicating cyanobacteria were likely outcompeted by other phytoplankton in incubations. Our results show that cyanobacterial community structure may be affected by runoff from terrestrial habitats, but that the composition of cyanobacterial communities inhabiting these locations is also s ...
Effects of Oceanic Salinity on Body Condition in Sea Snakes
... (http://www.marine.csiro.au/ofam1/) was used to predict temperature, salinity, sea-surface height, and velocity of current along the lateral open boundary (e.g., open Pacific ocean outside the lagoon) (Fig. 1). High-frequency movements (tides and surges) of the sea-surface elevation were added to t ...
... (http://www.marine.csiro.au/ofam1/) was used to predict temperature, salinity, sea-surface height, and velocity of current along the lateral open boundary (e.g., open Pacific ocean outside the lagoon) (Fig. 1). High-frequency movements (tides and surges) of the sea-surface elevation were added to t ...
Reports - geo
... acronym for Collection of Open Resources for Everyone. Data provided to the GEOSS Data-CORE will be full and open with no restrictions. Where do Oceans fit within the GEOSS SBAs? Oceans are primarily in ecosystems. Alan Edwards gave an example of several crosscutting tasks which are Oceans related i ...
... acronym for Collection of Open Resources for Everyone. Data provided to the GEOSS Data-CORE will be full and open with no restrictions. Where do Oceans fit within the GEOSS SBAs? Oceans are primarily in ecosystems. Alan Edwards gave an example of several crosscutting tasks which are Oceans related i ...
Sea Search Manual
... Victoria’s system of marine national parks and marine sanctuaries was declared in 2002, ensuring a high level of protection is given to representative areas of the state’s marine environment. These ‘wet’ parks cover 5.3% of the state’s waters and protect marine life in the same way that national par ...
... Victoria’s system of marine national parks and marine sanctuaries was declared in 2002, ensuring a high level of protection is given to representative areas of the state’s marine environment. These ‘wet’ parks cover 5.3% of the state’s waters and protect marine life in the same way that national par ...
STATE WATER RESOURCES CONTROL BOARD DIVISION OF WATER QUALITY P.O. BOX 100
... (PRC§36602(d)(6)). The Marine Managed Areas Improvement Act defines six categories of marine managed areas (MMAs). These six categories are marine reserves, marine parks, marine conservation areas, marine recreation management areas, marine cultural preservation areas, and state water quality protec ...
... (PRC§36602(d)(6)). The Marine Managed Areas Improvement Act defines six categories of marine managed areas (MMAs). These six categories are marine reserves, marine parks, marine conservation areas, marine recreation management areas, marine cultural preservation areas, and state water quality protec ...
Impact of river discharge, upwelling and vertical
... maintained by a host of local and remote biogeochemical processes. In the eastern Pacific, the remineralization of Prich organic matter exported from the surface in upwelling areas combines with denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation in oxygen minimum zones to lower the N : P ratio of wate ...
... maintained by a host of local and remote biogeochemical processes. In the eastern Pacific, the remineralization of Prich organic matter exported from the surface in upwelling areas combines with denitrification and anaerobic ammonium oxidation in oxygen minimum zones to lower the N : P ratio of wate ...
Univ. Genova
... therefore be used to study the effects of potential changes in regional climate that may or may not be associated with global change, as well as providing a range of environmental conditions for more fundamental studies. Underlying this is the phenomenon of “Polar focussing” whereby a given change i ...
... therefore be used to study the effects of potential changes in regional climate that may or may not be associated with global change, as well as providing a range of environmental conditions for more fundamental studies. Underlying this is the phenomenon of “Polar focussing” whereby a given change i ...
Univ. Genova
... therefore be used to study the effects of potential changes in regional climate that may or may not be associated with global change, as well as providing a range of environmental conditions for more fundamental studies. Underlying this is the phenomenon of “Polar focussing” whereby a given change i ...
... therefore be used to study the effects of potential changes in regional climate that may or may not be associated with global change, as well as providing a range of environmental conditions for more fundamental studies. Underlying this is the phenomenon of “Polar focussing” whereby a given change i ...
PHYTOPLANKTON, ZOOPLANKTON, MICRONEKTON, AND
... times throughout the spring and summer of 2000, and the route from Vancouver west towards Japan was operated once in summer (Fig. 5). The same sampling plan will operate in 2001 and perhaps into the future if further funding can be obtained. The CPR is towed behind merchant ‘ships of opportunity’ (i ...
... times throughout the spring and summer of 2000, and the route from Vancouver west towards Japan was operated once in summer (Fig. 5). The same sampling plan will operate in 2001 and perhaps into the future if further funding can be obtained. The CPR is towed behind merchant ‘ships of opportunity’ (i ...
i Proposal submitted to the Integrated Ocean Observing System
... cultural) of ocean stakeholders. This is the premise behind the Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS). As one of 11 Regional Associations (RAs) comprising the coastal component of the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS), PacIOOS contributes to the national effort to provide an “ ...
... cultural) of ocean stakeholders. This is the premise behind the Pacific Islands Ocean Observing System (PacIOOS). As one of 11 Regional Associations (RAs) comprising the coastal component of the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS), PacIOOS contributes to the national effort to provide an “ ...
Report of the Working Group on Marine Habitat Mapping
... 19–23 May 2014, San Sebastian, Spain. ICES CM 2014/SSGSUE:07. 59 pp. For permission to reproduce material from this publication, please apply to the General Secretary. The document is a report of an Expert Group under the auspices of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea and does ...
... 19–23 May 2014, San Sebastian, Spain. ICES CM 2014/SSGSUE:07. 59 pp. For permission to reproduce material from this publication, please apply to the General Secretary. The document is a report of an Expert Group under the auspices of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea and does ...
Chapter 9 - Oceans @ Duke
... Vinogradskii proposed a novel life process called chemosynthesis, which showed that some microbes have the ability to live solely on inorganic chemicals. Almost 90 years later the discovery of hydrothermal vents provided stunning new insight into the extent to which microbial primary productivity by ...
... Vinogradskii proposed a novel life process called chemosynthesis, which showed that some microbes have the ability to live solely on inorganic chemicals. Almost 90 years later the discovery of hydrothermal vents provided stunning new insight into the extent to which microbial primary productivity by ...
GEOPHYSICAL CHALLENGES OF THE 21ST CENTURY
... University of Zagreb, Croatia, marks its 150th anniversary. The anniversary will be celebrated at a one-day international scientific meeting. The main goal of the meeting is to integrate efforts of geophysicists in various disciplines targeting to solve some of the recent societal issues. The meetin ...
... University of Zagreb, Croatia, marks its 150th anniversary. The anniversary will be celebrated at a one-day international scientific meeting. The main goal of the meeting is to integrate efforts of geophysicists in various disciplines targeting to solve some of the recent societal issues. The meetin ...
Zonally asymmetric response of the Southern Ocean mixed
... ozone in the polar stratosphere resulting from human activities2 . Climate models predict that increases in greenhouse-gas forcing will cause a similar strengthening of the westerlies3,4 . The influence of the SAM is manifest in many variables, including sea-level pressure, surface air temperature a ...
... ozone in the polar stratosphere resulting from human activities2 . Climate models predict that increases in greenhouse-gas forcing will cause a similar strengthening of the westerlies3,4 . The influence of the SAM is manifest in many variables, including sea-level pressure, surface air temperature a ...
The Development of Scientific Cooperation under the Norway
... The information in this article is drawn from scientific programmes and reports produced by the two research institutes that play the main role in the developments accounted for here: the Institute of Marine Research (IMR) in Norway, and the Russian Knipovich Polar Research Institute of Marine Fishe ...
... The information in this article is drawn from scientific programmes and reports produced by the two research institutes that play the main role in the developments accounted for here: the Institute of Marine Research (IMR) in Norway, and the Russian Knipovich Polar Research Institute of Marine Fishe ...
on circulation, phosphate-phosphorus content, and zooplankton
... The currents With certain limitations, the geopotential anomaly at the sea surface with respect to the l,OOO-dccibar surface (Fig. 1 reproduced from Reid 1961) represents the surface currents and may be used to illustrate the features of the circulation that are discussed here. Since only the geostr ...
... The currents With certain limitations, the geopotential anomaly at the sea surface with respect to the l,OOO-dccibar surface (Fig. 1 reproduced from Reid 1961) represents the surface currents and may be used to illustrate the features of the circulation that are discussed here. Since only the geostr ...
Print this article - Latin American Journal of Aquatic Mammals
... Currents. The Brazil Current originates where the westward flowing trans-Atlantic South Equatorial Current bifurcates into two currents, the North Brazil and the Brazil Currents, with the latter branch having a southward direction (Peterson and Stramma, 1990; Stramma et al., 1990). The Malvinas Curr ...
... Currents. The Brazil Current originates where the westward flowing trans-Atlantic South Equatorial Current bifurcates into two currents, the North Brazil and the Brazil Currents, with the latter branch having a southward direction (Peterson and Stramma, 1990; Stramma et al., 1990). The Malvinas Curr ...
Analytical relationships between atmospheric carbon dioxide
... biological fallout of soft tissue and calcium carbonate material (Figure 2a, gray dashed and dotted lines, respectively). For the carbon emissions, there is an initial peak in atmospheric concentrations and then a decline to a background state when ocean invasion ceases after typically 1000 years. F ...
... biological fallout of soft tissue and calcium carbonate material (Figure 2a, gray dashed and dotted lines, respectively). For the carbon emissions, there is an initial peak in atmospheric concentrations and then a decline to a background state when ocean invasion ceases after typically 1000 years. F ...
Deep ocean ventilation, carbon isotopes, marine sedimentation and
... the depth of the CaCO3 saturation horizon and the sedimentation rate of CaCO3 , organic carbon and opal are compared to available paleo-data to assess the importance of changes in deep ocean ventilation for glacial-interglacial CO2 variations. Paleo-records of CO2 carbon isotope composition provide ...
... the depth of the CaCO3 saturation horizon and the sedimentation rate of CaCO3 , organic carbon and opal are compared to available paleo-data to assess the importance of changes in deep ocean ventilation for glacial-interglacial CO2 variations. Paleo-records of CO2 carbon isotope composition provide ...
Frontiers Ecology Environment esa
... whalebone, prized for its flexibility and strength), and respectively, of a blue whale’s biomass. With primary prospermaceti (a waxy substance found in the head cavities duction held constant, reducing baleen whale populaof sperm whales that was used in candles, ointments, and tions lowers the poten ...
... whalebone, prized for its flexibility and strength), and respectively, of a blue whale’s biomass. With primary prospermaceti (a waxy substance found in the head cavities duction held constant, reducing baleen whale populaof sperm whales that was used in candles, ointments, and tions lowers the poten ...
Marine pollution
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Obvious_water_pollution.jpeg?width=300)
Marine pollution occurs when harmful, or potentially harmful, effects result from the entry into the ocean of chemicals, particles, industrial, agricultural and residential waste, noise, or the spread of invasive organisms. Most sources of marine pollution are land based. The pollution often comes from nonpoint sources such as agricultural runoff, wind-blown debris and dust. Nutrient pollution, a form of water pollution, refers to contamination by excessive inputs of nutrients. It is a primary cause of eutrophication of surface waters, in which excess nutrients, usually nitrogen or phosphorus, stimulate algae growth.Many potentially toxic chemicals adhere to tiny particles which are then taken up by plankton and benthos animals, most of which are either deposit or filter feeders. In this way, the toxins are concentrated upward within ocean food chains. Many particles combine chemically in a manner highly depletive of oxygen, causing estuaries to become anoxic.When pesticides are incorporated into the marine ecosystem, they quickly become absorbed into marine food webs. Once in the food webs, these pesticides can cause mutations, as well as diseases, which can be harmful to humans as well as the entire food web.Toxic metals can also be introduced into marine food webs. These can cause a change to tissue matter, biochemistry, behaviour, reproduction, and suppress growth in marine life. Also, many animal feeds have a high fish meal or fish hydrolysate content. In this way, marine toxins can be transferred to land animals, and appear later in meat and dairy products.