deflation - Mises Institute
... 2002 at the XIIIth International Economic History Congress in Buenos Aires.1 The editors have organized the articles, all of which examine different historical periods of deflation, into four parts. They have also provided a scholarly introduction that aptly combines an exposition of a few theoretic ...
... 2002 at the XIIIth International Economic History Congress in Buenos Aires.1 The editors have organized the articles, all of which examine different historical periods of deflation, into four parts. They have also provided a scholarly introduction that aptly combines an exposition of a few theoretic ...
Dynamic Capital Tax Competition in a Two-country Model
... to a capital-importing country, but is always outweighed by the direct, negative, effect of higher taxes on the current world interest rate. As a result, the incentive to manipulate the (current) terms of trade is smaller in an intertemporal setting with endogenous savings than with a fixed capital ...
... to a capital-importing country, but is always outweighed by the direct, negative, effect of higher taxes on the current world interest rate. As a result, the incentive to manipulate the (current) terms of trade is smaller in an intertemporal setting with endogenous savings than with a fixed capital ...
Destructive competition: Oil and rent seeking in Iran
... The third influential faction is the neoconservatives. The neoconservatives are mostly a younger generation of revolutionaries, many with background in the Revolutionary Guards, who seek the re-ideologisation of Iranian politics. They defend the earlier goals of the revolution, including an author3 ...
... The third influential faction is the neoconservatives. The neoconservatives are mostly a younger generation of revolutionaries, many with background in the Revolutionary Guards, who seek the re-ideologisation of Iranian politics. They defend the earlier goals of the revolution, including an author3 ...
Shadow Economies and Corruption All Over the World: New
... corruption and the shadow economy and its relationship or who is engaged in corrupt and/or underground activities, the frequency with which these activities are occurring and their magnitude of them, is crucial for making effective and efficient decisions regarding the allocations of a country’s res ...
... corruption and the shadow economy and its relationship or who is engaged in corrupt and/or underground activities, the frequency with which these activities are occurring and their magnitude of them, is crucial for making effective and efficient decisions regarding the allocations of a country’s res ...
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... of Economic Research Volume Title: International Aspects of Fiscal Policies
... paribus will be associated with decreases in the trade balance. Conversely, tax policies which promote savings but do not have a direct impact on investment will improve trade performance. These results challenge the commonly expressed view that reductions in tax burdens on business will improve com ...
... paribus will be associated with decreases in the trade balance. Conversely, tax policies which promote savings but do not have a direct impact on investment will improve trade performance. These results challenge the commonly expressed view that reductions in tax burdens on business will improve com ...
Industrial Policies in Europe in Historical Perspective
... phenomenon of the postwar era. Beyond the immediate goals, it was part of what can be considered the economic culture of every country. National traditions, historical legacies and path-dependencies did play an important role and may explain the enormous differences between nations and regions in Eu ...
... phenomenon of the postwar era. Beyond the immediate goals, it was part of what can be considered the economic culture of every country. National traditions, historical legacies and path-dependencies did play an important role and may explain the enormous differences between nations and regions in Eu ...
WORD - UNCTAD Virtual Institute
... Fortunato of UNCTAD’s Division on Globalization and Development Strategies. Contributions were also provided by Milford Bateman of Saint Mary’s University (Canada), Codrina Rada of the University of Utah (United States) and Kasper Vrolijk of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of ...
... Fortunato of UNCTAD’s Division on Globalization and Development Strategies. Contributions were also provided by Milford Bateman of Saint Mary’s University (Canada), Codrina Rada of the University of Utah (United States) and Kasper Vrolijk of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of ...
Shadow Economies All over the World
... Activities associated with shadow economies are facts of life around the world. Most societies attempt to control these activities through various measures such as punishment, prosecution, economic growth or education. To more effectively and efficiently allocate resources, it is crucial for a count ...
... Activities associated with shadow economies are facts of life around the world. Most societies attempt to control these activities through various measures such as punishment, prosecution, economic growth or education. To more effectively and efficiently allocate resources, it is crucial for a count ...
Shadow Economies All over the World
... Activities associated with shadow economies are facts of life around the world. Most societies attempt to control these activities through various measures such as punishment, prosecution, economic growth or education. To more effectively and efficiently allocate resources, it is crucial for a count ...
... Activities associated with shadow economies are facts of life around the world. Most societies attempt to control these activities through various measures such as punishment, prosecution, economic growth or education. To more effectively and efficiently allocate resources, it is crucial for a count ...
Sum_Up
... Guarantee that, all output produced by firms will be taken up by consumers on the principles that, supply creates its own demand. In the short-run there will be temporary disequilibrium in the capital, labor and product market, but in long run the economy is always in equilibrium or full employm ...
... Guarantee that, all output produced by firms will be taken up by consumers on the principles that, supply creates its own demand. In the short-run there will be temporary disequilibrium in the capital, labor and product market, but in long run the economy is always in equilibrium or full employm ...
Long Run and Short Run Effects of Government Expenditures on
... bridge or financing of secondary education) firstly, via taxes or borrowing, withdraws financial resources from the private sector. Secondly, at the time this public intermediate good becomes freely available and fully effective, it affects the productivity of the companies and labor force which us ...
... bridge or financing of secondary education) firstly, via taxes or borrowing, withdraws financial resources from the private sector. Secondly, at the time this public intermediate good becomes freely available and fully effective, it affects the productivity of the companies and labor force which us ...
PDF
... I. Political Liberalization, Stabilization and Adjustment, and the State There are two aspects of the emerging world order which open the door to increased domestic conflicts of influence over the state, with the associated wastage of resources. The first is in the political realm. Before the collap ...
... I. Political Liberalization, Stabilization and Adjustment, and the State There are two aspects of the emerging world order which open the door to increased domestic conflicts of influence over the state, with the associated wastage of resources. The first is in the political realm. Before the collap ...
Downward Nominal Wage Rigidity, Currency Pegs, and Involuntary
... the cycle, downward nominal wage rigidity and a fixed exchange rate prevent real wages from falling to the level consistent with full employment. Agents understand this mechanism but are too small to internalize the fact that their individual expenditure decisions collectively cause inefficiently larg ...
... the cycle, downward nominal wage rigidity and a fixed exchange rate prevent real wages from falling to the level consistent with full employment. Agents understand this mechanism but are too small to internalize the fact that their individual expenditure decisions collectively cause inefficiently larg ...
Policy Trade-o¤s and International Spillover E¤ects at the Zero Bound Alex Haberis
... As far as policy in open economies is concerned, Svensson (2001), Svensson (2003a), Coenen and Wieland (2003), and Nakajima (2008) study the zero interest rate policy in an environment where a single country hits the ZLB. Fujiwara et al. (2010) analyses the optimal coordination policy in a two-count ...
... As far as policy in open economies is concerned, Svensson (2001), Svensson (2003a), Coenen and Wieland (2003), and Nakajima (2008) study the zero interest rate policy in an environment where a single country hits the ZLB. Fujiwara et al. (2010) analyses the optimal coordination policy in a two-count ...
Corruption and the shadow economy: like oil and vinegar, like water
... Bank provides a narrower description: “[corruption] distorts the rule of law, weakens a nation’s institutional foundation, and severely affects the poor who are already the most disadvantaged members of our society.” Consequently, corruption is “among the greatest obstacles to economic and social de ...
... Bank provides a narrower description: “[corruption] distorts the rule of law, weakens a nation’s institutional foundation, and severely affects the poor who are already the most disadvantaged members of our society.” Consequently, corruption is “among the greatest obstacles to economic and social de ...
Expectations and Fundamentals in Banking Panics: Todd Keister Vijay Narasiman
... demand is high, regardless of the sunspot variable and depositors’ beliefs about each other’s actions. We ask whether the desirability of restricting intervention in this setting depends critically on which form a run takes, that is, on whether runs are driven by expectations or by fundamentals. We ...
... demand is high, regardless of the sunspot variable and depositors’ beliefs about each other’s actions. We ask whether the desirability of restricting intervention in this setting depends critically on which form a run takes, that is, on whether runs are driven by expectations or by fundamentals. We ...
Economics and Political Economy
... It is quite important to analyze the effect of the quality of public institutions on the size and development of the shadow economy. Good rule of law, by securing property rights and enforceability of contracts, increases the benefits to remain in the official economy and increases the costs of info ...
... It is quite important to analyze the effect of the quality of public institutions on the size and development of the shadow economy. Good rule of law, by securing property rights and enforceability of contracts, increases the benefits to remain in the official economy and increases the costs of info ...
The Effects of Government Spending Shocks on Consumption under
... very high labour supply elasticity and very low risk aversion. Our framework is a standard New Keynesian economy in which prices are sticky and preferences can be made non-separable. We augment this framework for the presence of liquidity-constrained agents whom we shall henceforth refer to as non-R ...
... very high labour supply elasticity and very low risk aversion. Our framework is a standard New Keynesian economy in which prices are sticky and preferences can be made non-separable. We augment this framework for the presence of liquidity-constrained agents whom we shall henceforth refer to as non-R ...
IPR-int_Executive Summary_16Seiter_07102016.indd
... The present report, drawn up as a joint project between the EUIPO and the EPO, and benefiting from input from other IP offices, European Commission services and international organisations, is the second major study resulting from this collaboration, following a first study published by the two Offi ...
... The present report, drawn up as a joint project between the EUIPO and the EPO, and benefiting from input from other IP offices, European Commission services and international organisations, is the second major study resulting from this collaboration, following a first study published by the two Offi ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES TAX POLICY AND INTERNATIONAL COMPETATIVENESS Lawrence H. Summers
... domestic goods factor price frontier. It is clear from Figure 1 that under our assumption that the traded good sector is more capital intensive than the non-traded goods sector, a corporate tax will lower capital intensity in both sectors and reduce the relative price of domestic goods, thereby caus ...
... domestic goods factor price frontier. It is clear from Figure 1 that under our assumption that the traded good sector is more capital intensive than the non-traded goods sector, a corporate tax will lower capital intensity in both sectors and reduce the relative price of domestic goods, thereby caus ...
Bubbly Collateral and Economic Activity
... We build on this insight to develop a model of the bubbly economy. Entrepreneurs demand funds from bankers to finance their investment projects. Bankers, in turn, demand funds from savers to finance their loans to entrepreneurs. All of this borrowing must be collateralized, that is, it must be back ...
... We build on this insight to develop a model of the bubbly economy. Entrepreneurs demand funds from bankers to finance their investment projects. Bankers, in turn, demand funds from savers to finance their loans to entrepreneurs. All of this borrowing must be collateralized, that is, it must be back ...
Shadow Economies: Size, Causes, and Consequences
... causes and indicators exist. He estimates the size of the informal sector in fourteen Latin American countries and finds some evidence for three determinants being significantly relevant at the 10 percent confidence level. Tax burden (0.33) and labor market restrictions (0.49) affect the relative si ...
... causes and indicators exist. He estimates the size of the informal sector in fourteen Latin American countries and finds some evidence for three determinants being significantly relevant at the 10 percent confidence level. Tax burden (0.33) and labor market restrictions (0.49) affect the relative si ...
Industrias La Constancia: Dynamizing El Salvador`s Economy
... of Industrias La Constancia in El Salvador’s Economy The role of private enterprises in development includes several aspects. These aspects generally comprise the role of enterprises in employment generation, fiscal contribution, investments in productive assets, or the incorporation of new technolo ...
... of Industrias La Constancia in El Salvador’s Economy The role of private enterprises in development includes several aspects. These aspects generally comprise the role of enterprises in employment generation, fiscal contribution, investments in productive assets, or the incorporation of new technolo ...
SHADOW ECONOMY INDEX for the Baltic countries 2009 – 2012
... The third group, ‘direct methods’, draw on direct micro-level observations. These are the most expensive and time consuming methods, but they manage to overcome many of the limitations that are typical in macro and MIMIC methods. Direct methods are recommended for situations in which it is importan ...
... The third group, ‘direct methods’, draw on direct micro-level observations. These are the most expensive and time consuming methods, but they manage to overcome many of the limitations that are typical in macro and MIMIC methods. Direct methods are recommended for situations in which it is importan ...
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... commodities. During Nasser’s era, the public sector was the primary employer to the extent that each university graduate was guaranteed a job in the public sector which was part of his First Five year Plan (1960-1965) of reform in which the state took major control over the economy. However, Nasser’ ...
... commodities. During Nasser’s era, the public sector was the primary employer to the extent that each university graduate was guaranteed a job in the public sector which was part of his First Five year Plan (1960-1965) of reform in which the state took major control over the economy. However, Nasser’ ...