the_large_1 - Salk Institute
... This once in a life-time window of decision for NTBR-antigens implies that no normal host antigen that belongs to the NTBR-class can appear after this unique time window closes. However, this does not preclude the evolution of new host components, only that they have to appear when the time-window i ...
... This once in a life-time window of decision for NTBR-antigens implies that no normal host antigen that belongs to the NTBR-class can appear after this unique time window closes. However, this does not preclude the evolution of new host components, only that they have to appear when the time-window i ...
CHAPTER III
... resistance in rat acts through the cell mediated-immune response including macrophages, eosinophils, neutrophils, and mast cells (Hughes, 1987). In sheep, a large infiltration of white blood cells into the liver and production of antibodies to the parasite have been observed (Sinclair, 1962, 1971; B ...
... resistance in rat acts through the cell mediated-immune response including macrophages, eosinophils, neutrophils, and mast cells (Hughes, 1987). In sheep, a large infiltration of white blood cells into the liver and production of antibodies to the parasite have been observed (Sinclair, 1962, 1971; B ...
Immune components of bovine colostrum and milk
... protecting the body from infectious pathogens before the adaptive immune system comes into play. It represents a complex interaction of cellular and molecular processes aimed at detecting and subsequently eliminating harmful pathogens. The innate immune system of the bovine mammary gland has evolved ...
... protecting the body from infectious pathogens before the adaptive immune system comes into play. It represents a complex interaction of cellular and molecular processes aimed at detecting and subsequently eliminating harmful pathogens. The innate immune system of the bovine mammary gland has evolved ...
introduction to medical parasitology
... There are different types of parasites and hosts. The competition for supremacy that takes place between the host and the parasite is referred to as host-parasite relationship. Accordingly, the host may have the upper hand and remains healthy or loses the competition, and a disease develops. Human p ...
... There are different types of parasites and hosts. The competition for supremacy that takes place between the host and the parasite is referred to as host-parasite relationship. Accordingly, the host may have the upper hand and remains healthy or loses the competition, and a disease develops. Human p ...
Contraception - University of Missouri Animal Sciences
... disease, liver abnormalities, estrogen dependent cancers, and pregnancy. • Epidemiological studies do indicate a slight increase in low risk women and a significant increase in groups with one or more risk factors ...
... disease, liver abnormalities, estrogen dependent cancers, and pregnancy. • Epidemiological studies do indicate a slight increase in low risk women and a significant increase in groups with one or more risk factors ...
Evolution of the innate immune system: the worm perspective
... (ii) Most importantly, some of these model systems (e.g. Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and Arabidopsis thaliana) permit faster and more efficient genetic analysis than the typical vertebrate models (e.g. mice and zebra fish). They are also less complex, showing a much lower level ...
... (ii) Most importantly, some of these model systems (e.g. Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and Arabidopsis thaliana) permit faster and more efficient genetic analysis than the typical vertebrate models (e.g. mice and zebra fish). They are also less complex, showing a much lower level ...
Immunology taught by bacteria.
... Received: 11 March 2010 / Accepted: 12 March 2010 # The Author(s) 2010. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com ...
... Received: 11 March 2010 / Accepted: 12 March 2010 # The Author(s) 2010. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com ...
Immune Cognition, Micro-evolution,
... All living beings have the ability to present resistance to disease-causing agents, known as pathogens. These include viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. The nature of this resistance varies from one species to the other, and is a function of the complexity of the organism. Mammals, in particul ...
... All living beings have the ability to present resistance to disease-causing agents, known as pathogens. These include viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. The nature of this resistance varies from one species to the other, and is a function of the complexity of the organism. Mammals, in particul ...
interactions between macroparasites and
... Abstract. Epidemiological studies typically focus on single-parasite systems, although most hosts harbor multiple parasite species; thus, the potential impacts of co-infection on disease dynamics are only beginning to be recognized. Interactions between macroparasites, such as gastrointestinal nemat ...
... Abstract. Epidemiological studies typically focus on single-parasite systems, although most hosts harbor multiple parasite species; thus, the potential impacts of co-infection on disease dynamics are only beginning to be recognized. Interactions between macroparasites, such as gastrointestinal nemat ...
Effects of age and recombinant equine somatotropin (eST
... of the 16 mares began cycling and actually ovulated (progesterone > 1 ng/mL) during the last 2 wk of the experiment. Two of the 16 mares displayed prolonged luteal function indicated by progesterone concentrations > 1 ng/mL throughout the experiment. Weekly IGF-I levels (Figure 1) were significantly ...
... of the 16 mares began cycling and actually ovulated (progesterone > 1 ng/mL) during the last 2 wk of the experiment. Two of the 16 mares displayed prolonged luteal function indicated by progesterone concentrations > 1 ng/mL throughout the experiment. Weekly IGF-I levels (Figure 1) were significantly ...
Immune function in sport and exercise
... important to stress that the shift toward type 2 T-cell dominance might be beneficial, because it also suppresses the ability of the immune system to induce tissue damage and inflammation. Blood markers of inflammation are strongly associated with cardiovascular and metabolic disease in the middleag ...
... important to stress that the shift toward type 2 T-cell dominance might be beneficial, because it also suppresses the ability of the immune system to induce tissue damage and inflammation. Blood markers of inflammation are strongly associated with cardiovascular and metabolic disease in the middleag ...
Document
... Effect of adjuvants on immune response Many potentially protective antigens are weak immunogens. Protein antigens injected in saline typically produced weak and transitory antibody responses while those injected in effective adjuvants produced strong and ...
... Effect of adjuvants on immune response Many potentially protective antigens are weak immunogens. Protein antigens injected in saline typically produced weak and transitory antibody responses while those injected in effective adjuvants produced strong and ...
The conservative physiology of the immune system. A non
... products of the gut flora lead to severe inflammatory gut diseases (IBD) (Duchman et al. 1996). It is noteworthy that the parenteral injection of small doses (e.g. 10 mg) of proteins to which the animal is orally-tolerant triggers a strong inhibition of primary responses to unrelated antigens; the f ...
... products of the gut flora lead to severe inflammatory gut diseases (IBD) (Duchman et al. 1996). It is noteworthy that the parenteral injection of small doses (e.g. 10 mg) of proteins to which the animal is orally-tolerant triggers a strong inhibition of primary responses to unrelated antigens; the f ...
Platelet-derived CD154 enables T-cell priming and
... collagen matrix were able to reject established tumors in a T cell–dependent manner.35 We also showed that mice immunized with Ad5-mOVA delivered in collagen have enhanced OVAspecific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity.25 Initially, we hypothesized that collagen-induced T-cell augmentation occurr ...
... collagen matrix were able to reject established tumors in a T cell–dependent manner.35 We also showed that mice immunized with Ad5-mOVA delivered in collagen have enhanced OVAspecific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity.25 Initially, we hypothesized that collagen-induced T-cell augmentation occurr ...
Fontana & Vance (2011) Imm Rev
... classic two-signal model of T-cell activation, signal one consists of engagement of the T-cell receptor by antigen ⁄ major histocompatibility complex, whereas signal two arises from costimulatory ligands on antigen-presenting cells. A requirement for two independent signals helps to ensure that T-ce ...
... classic two-signal model of T-cell activation, signal one consists of engagement of the T-cell receptor by antigen ⁄ major histocompatibility complex, whereas signal two arises from costimulatory ligands on antigen-presenting cells. A requirement for two independent signals helps to ensure that T-ce ...
International Journal of Livestock Research ISSN
... their significance as infection reservoirs or animal models for human diseases. While no vaccines for human protozoa are available yet, but number of veterinary vaccines are available in the market or have been produced by Agriculture/Veterinary departments for local use (Meeusen et al., 2007). Most ...
... their significance as infection reservoirs or animal models for human diseases. While no vaccines for human protozoa are available yet, but number of veterinary vaccines are available in the market or have been produced by Agriculture/Veterinary departments for local use (Meeusen et al., 2007). Most ...
How might infant and paediatric immune responses influence
... emphasizes the need for functional antibody assays and thoughtful design of malaria vaccine antigens. By extending the analysis of longitudinal sero-reactivity profiles, the kinetics of the antibody-parasite interaction could be used to determine the rate of parasite clearance and the duration of hi ...
... emphasizes the need for functional antibody assays and thoughtful design of malaria vaccine antigens. By extending the analysis of longitudinal sero-reactivity profiles, the kinetics of the antibody-parasite interaction could be used to determine the rate of parasite clearance and the duration of hi ...
When the ants get together
... sliced in many directions and stained with different media to highlight various structures. Using these histological preparations, researchers can map the location of numerous glands on an ant’s body that produce pheromones. Holding a cross section of an ant on a glass slide, Hölldobler explains how ...
... sliced in many directions and stained with different media to highlight various structures. Using these histological preparations, researchers can map the location of numerous glands on an ant’s body that produce pheromones. Holding a cross section of an ant on a glass slide, Hölldobler explains how ...
June 1, 2008 Principles of Security: Human, Cyber and Biological
... The current strategies used in human and cyber security are not capable of handling threats in our increasingly interdependent world. Challenges in human security are changing through global terror networks. Cyber security, by virtue of its rapid and hidden processes is arguably an even greater chal ...
... The current strategies used in human and cyber security are not capable of handling threats in our increasingly interdependent world. Challenges in human security are changing through global terror networks. Cyber security, by virtue of its rapid and hidden processes is arguably an even greater chal ...
innate immunity in c. elegans
... TLRs, as well as a number of other PRR families, in both plants and animals, share a common domain, the leucine rich repeat (LRR) domain. In a recent study, the role in host defences of each of the 14 predicted transmembrane proteins with LRR domains encoded in the C. elegans genome, was assayed. Lo ...
... TLRs, as well as a number of other PRR families, in both plants and animals, share a common domain, the leucine rich repeat (LRR) domain. In a recent study, the role in host defences of each of the 14 predicted transmembrane proteins with LRR domains encoded in the C. elegans genome, was assayed. Lo ...
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... resistance than tested here. Wood ants, for example, use tree resin both to enhance individual-level resistance and to provide colony-level protection against parasites (Castella et al., 2008; Chapuisat et al., 2007; Christe et al., 2003). However, the results in combination suggest that P. dives do ...
... resistance than tested here. Wood ants, for example, use tree resin both to enhance individual-level resistance and to provide colony-level protection against parasites (Castella et al., 2008; Chapuisat et al., 2007; Christe et al., 2003). However, the results in combination suggest that P. dives do ...
Augmenting the First Line of Defense in Gastrointentinal
... transport rates and nutrient rich milieu ensue inherent vulnerability to bacterial colonization/infections. Host defense of this epithelium is mediated by complex arrays of mucosal innate immune determinants that offer the first line of defense against infectious threat. The intestinal epithelium en ...
... transport rates and nutrient rich milieu ensue inherent vulnerability to bacterial colonization/infections. Host defense of this epithelium is mediated by complex arrays of mucosal innate immune determinants that offer the first line of defense against infectious threat. The intestinal epithelium en ...
Functional study of hemolymph coagulation in Zhi Wang Drosophila
... and regulated by the host despite the low induction of antimicrobial peptides in the gut epithelia (Ryu et al. 2008). In some cases, host cells are removed by activating the host immune system when they undergo apoptosis or cancer and are recognized as altered self (reviewed in (Miyake & Yamasaki 2 ...
... and regulated by the host despite the low induction of antimicrobial peptides in the gut epithelia (Ryu et al. 2008). In some cases, host cells are removed by activating the host immune system when they undergo apoptosis or cancer and are recognized as altered self (reviewed in (Miyake & Yamasaki 2 ...