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BACKGROUND ANALYSIS DOCUMENTS
BACKGROUND ANALYSIS DOCUMENTS

... Technologies & Novel Materials. The sustainable management of the marine environment relies on evidence-based policy. Though not within the remit of the research prioritisation exercise, the final report identified “policy research” as providing the knowledge required to develop regulations and stre ...
Combined Effect of Antibiotics and Ocean Acidification on Marine
Combined Effect of Antibiotics and Ocean Acidification on Marine

... zooplankton that due to (?) an uneven distribution could have a strong top down impact on the system in specific experimental flasks. This procedure is justified since investigating top-down effects on marine bacterial communities is beyond the scope of this investigation. The fraction of organisms ...
World Heritage in the High Seas: An Idea Whose Time Has Come
World Heritage in the High Seas: An Idea Whose Time Has Come

... Park of the United Republic of Tanzania. They include sunken fossilized islands covered in a staggering diversity of corals and other marine life, giant volcanoes forming vast seamounts that could only dwarf the tallest mountains on land, a ‘floating golden rainforest’ on the ocean surface with its ...
Generic foreshore licence application objection
Generic foreshore licence application objection

... highlight that rather than sea lice emanating from salmon farms causing a 1% mortality of salmon smolts, as David Jackson of the Marine Institute concluded, they in fact cause a one third reduction in adult salmon returns. The research team concluded that this ‘has implications for management and co ...
REPOR T - The Royal Society of Canada
REPOR T - The Royal Society of Canada

... marine biodiversity impair the ocean's capacity to provide a plethora of ecosystem services that contribute to the resilience of marine ecosystems and to the well-being of humankind. From a strictly financial perspective, the case for sustaining marine biodiversity and protecting marine ecosystems i ...
1_Activity_2_Sediments_blank
1_Activity_2_Sediments_blank

... The ODP was designed specifically to conduct research on the history of ocean basins and the nature of the sea floor. This was the first time that such a large and organized attempt was made to study marine sediments and the sea floor. The data it generated has greatly expanded the field of oceanogr ...
Document
Document

... The study site located in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea was visited nine times in 2005–2006 to collect water samples from the epipelagic (5 m), mesopelagic (200 m, 600 m), and bathypelagic (1000 m, 2000 m) zones. The relative abundance of Bacteria, Crenarchaea, and Euryarchaea was determined by ...
Annual report 2005 (of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic
Annual report 2005 (of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic

... agreed to work towards a global ocean system for all marine hazards that includes tsunami and storm flooding at one extreme, and pollution and sea level rise at the other. Of course this is not a task for the IOC alone. We will work with partners in other organizations, both within and outside the Un ...
Life History of Risso`s Dolphin (Grampus griseus)
Life History of Risso`s Dolphin (Grampus griseus)

... proportions. In April (School 2), one dolphin also consumed a fourth species, the demersal lesser flying squid (Todaropsis eblanae). Stomachs of three dolphins which had remains of Eledona also contained one other benthic invertebrate, although these may have been prey items of the squid. The diet i ...
No more detectable fishing effect on Northern Gulf of St Lawrence
No more detectable fishing effect on Northern Gulf of St Lawrence

... fished and unfished grounds. The accuracy of our fishing data allowed the investigation of several specific issues within the period covered by the data: (i) the restoration capacity of the community, i.e. the ability of taxa to re-establish quickly after trawling disturbances; (ii) the resilience o ...
- Wiley Online Library
- Wiley Online Library

... February 2016; Accepted: 20 March 2016 Ecology and Evolution 2016; 6(12): 3862– ...
The Bounty of the Sea and Long
The Bounty of the Sea and Long

... The earth’s surface consists of roughly 30% land mass and 70% water surface of which about 97% is oceans. While the natural productivity of land, in the sense of its potential nutritional benefits, has received ample attention in the literature on comparative development, it is surprising to observe ...
Indicator 3 Quantification and classification of beach litter items
Indicator 3 Quantification and classification of beach litter items

... Quantification and classification of beach litter items Please provide scientific background for the indicator including reference materials Surveys of litter stranded or being left on beaches are a primary tool for monitoring the load of litter in the marine environment and have been used world-wid ...
MAREDAT: towards a world atlas of MARine Ecosystem DATa
MAREDAT: towards a world atlas of MARine Ecosystem DATa

... in this special issue (Peloquin et al., 2013) offers one pathway toward resolving mixed phytoplankton biomass distribution. However, the most reliable way to prevent double counting and achieve a consistent dataset would be to measure the biomass and cell size of all distinct phytoplankton groups in ...
Trash and Marine Debris - FTP Directory Listing
Trash and Marine Debris - FTP Directory Listing

... waterways. Three key questions were asked: • Does the extent and magnitude of trash and marine debris vary among freshwater and marine habitats? • Does the extent and magnitude of trash and marine debris vary over time? • What types of trash and marine debris are most extensive or abundant? Marine m ...
thesis. - Munin
thesis. - Munin

... Gulliksen, Ole Jørgen Lønne, Frank Beuchel, Paul Renaud, João Rodrigues, Michaela Aschan, Raul Primicerio, Sigrid Lind, Maria Fossheim, Andrey Dolgov and Benjamin Planque. Many thanks to Benjamin for co-mentoring me during the last project of this thesis. I enjoyed and learned a lot from our convers ...
Classifying the Biodiversity of the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage
Classifying the Biodiversity of the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage

... Australia recognises the importance of conserving biodiversity. These facts, combined with Australia‘s geographic location and socio-economic climate, have given it a major role as a storehouse of diversity for tropical marine ecosystems, including coral reefs. Protection of marine areas by creating ...
Offshore Ecosystems and Habitats
Offshore Ecosystems and Habitats

... open ocean it is just as much about the different water masses created by variable depths, salinities, temperatures, and currents as it is about features such as sand, canyons, and vegetation. Water masses are sometimes referred to as the pelagic (within the water column) habitats, whereas substrate ...
Food-web mediated export of biogenic carbon in oceans
Food-web mediated export of biogenic carbon in oceans

... deep ocean may become sequestered, i.e. removed from the ocean-atmosphere system for at least 100 yr Climate changes at various time scales, including the possible ongoing global warming, may be related to (or mediated by) variations in the pool of sequestered carbon. There are at 1ea.st 3 general a ...
Field Stations of the United States - Organization of Biological Field
Field Stations of the United States - Organization of Biological Field

... in 1888, is a self-governing institution whose pri? mary functions are to make adequate facilities available to professional biologists for investiga? tions requiring marine animals and other special facilities, and to provide instruction for students. In the picture, above the Bureau of Commercial ...
Electrochemical systems
Electrochemical systems

... number of papers (e.g. McElligot et al., 1998). Other work has gone into the estimation of the second parameter where only one has been measured. This is possible for alkalinity, which often follows a near-conservation relationship with salinity (e.g. Lee et al., 2006). Unfortunately, this is not as ...
Ocean Challenge Vol. 6 No.1 1995
Ocean Challenge Vol. 6 No.1 1995

... Norwegian Sea and the Atlantic, including the Faroe-Shetland Channel, this time w i t h H.N. Dickson as the scientist. These cruises had the t w i n objectives of extending the observations made by M i l l and also being the British contribution to the international survey of the North Sea and North ...
Cooperative Research Report Template
Cooperative Research Report Template

... extension did occur during 1975–1979 when river discharge into the Sea of Azov was markedly reduced by water diversion projects. These projects were discontinued in 1990 and the fresher environment again persists. The status of R. venosa in the main body of the Sea of Azov and its precise distributi ...
Effects of natural and anthropogenic processes in the distribution of
Effects of natural and anthropogenic processes in the distribution of

Sea change: Advancing Australia`s ocean interests
Sea change: Advancing Australia`s ocean interests

... as well as emerging new marine industries, such as wind and tidal energy, desalination, deep seabed mining, carbon capture and storage, and marine biotechnology. Environmental interests include a healthy marine environment, better marine scientific knowledge, more accurate hydrographic data, and oce ...
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Marine biology



Marine biology is the scientific study of organisms in the ocean or other marine or brackish bodies of water. Given that in biology many phyla, families and genera have some species that live in the sea and others that live on land, marine biology classifies species based on the environment rather than on taxonomy. Marine biology differs from marine ecology as marine ecology is focused on how organisms interact with each other and the environment, while biology is the study of the organisms themselves.A large proportion of all life on Earth lives in the ocean. Exactly how large the proportion is unknown, since many ocean species are still to be discovered. The ocean is a complex three-dimensional world covering about 71% of the Earth's surface. The habitats studied in marine biology include everything from the tiny layers of surface water in which organisms and abiotic items may be trapped in surface tension between the ocean and atmosphere, to the depths of the oceanic trenches, sometimes 10,000 meters or more beneath the surface of the ocean. Specific habitats include coral reefs, kelp forests, seagrass meadows, the surrounds of seamounts and thermal vents, tidepools, muddy, sandy and rocky bottoms, and the open ocean (pelagic) zone, where solid objects are rare and the surface of the water is the only visible boundary. The organisms studied range from microscopic phytoplankton and zooplankton to huge cetaceans (whales) 30 meters (98 feet) in length.Marine life is a vast resource, providing food, medicine, and raw materials, in addition to helping to support recreation and tourism all over the world. At a fundamental level, marine life helps determine the very nature of our planet. Marine organisms contribute significantly to the oxygen cycle, and are involved in the regulation of the Earth's climate. Shorelines are in part shaped and protected by marine life, and some marine organisms even help create new land.Many species are economically important to humans, including food fish (both finfish and shellfish). It is also becoming understood that the well-being of marine organisms and other organisms are linked in very fundamental ways. The human body of knowledge regarding the relationship between life in the sea and important cycles is rapidly growing, with new discoveries being made nearly every day. These cycles include those of matter (such as the carbon cycle) and of air (such as Earth's respiration, and movement of energy through ecosystems including the ocean). Large areas beneath the ocean surface still remain effectively unexplored.
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