Study materials CNS
... b) HUNGER CENTRE is situated in the lateral HT nucleus, it has the permanent activity which is decreased for some time by stimulation of the satiety centre after food intake c) HYPOTHALAMIC GLUCOSTATIC NEURONS (glucostats) – the cells sensitive to the blood glucose level, participating in the glycae ...
... b) HUNGER CENTRE is situated in the lateral HT nucleus, it has the permanent activity which is decreased for some time by stimulation of the satiety centre after food intake c) HYPOTHALAMIC GLUCOSTATIC NEURONS (glucostats) – the cells sensitive to the blood glucose level, participating in the glycae ...
The neural mechanisms of top- down attentional control
... Selective attention enables us to focus awareness on objects and events that are relevant to our immediate goals. Spatial attention, the selective direction of visual attention toward a location, can occur covertly, without overt movements of the head or eyes. Theoretically, mechanisms of covert, vo ...
... Selective attention enables us to focus awareness on objects and events that are relevant to our immediate goals. Spatial attention, the selective direction of visual attention toward a location, can occur covertly, without overt movements of the head or eyes. Theoretically, mechanisms of covert, vo ...
Brain
... gyri = folds; sulci = grooves cortex = surface layer of gray matter nuclei = deeper masses of gray matter tracts = bundles of axons (white matter) ...
... gyri = folds; sulci = grooves cortex = surface layer of gray matter nuclei = deeper masses of gray matter tracts = bundles of axons (white matter) ...
class_2015_readinglist
... Soc Lond B Biol Sci 360(1456): 733-750. We review here a new approach to mapping the human cerebral cortex into distinct subdivisions. Unlike cytoarchitecture or traditional functional imaging, it does not rely on specific anatomical markers or functional hypotheses. Instead, we propose that the uni ...
... Soc Lond B Biol Sci 360(1456): 733-750. We review here a new approach to mapping the human cerebral cortex into distinct subdivisions. Unlike cytoarchitecture or traditional functional imaging, it does not rely on specific anatomical markers or functional hypotheses. Instead, we propose that the uni ...
Lower activation in the right frontoparietal network during a counting
... dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) are important for the executive cognitive functions governing cognitive control such as response inhibition and error monitoring (Kerns et al., 2004). The Stroop effect can serve as a paradigmatic ...
... dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) are important for the executive cognitive functions governing cognitive control such as response inhibition and error monitoring (Kerns et al., 2004). The Stroop effect can serve as a paradigmatic ...
Introduction - University of Toronto
... the autism spectrum) also suggests that a neurodevelopmental model of the disorder may be useful. For instance, there may be a primary impairment common to individuals with autism (which evidence suggests emerges prenatally, Rodier, 2000) that interacts with experience and environmental inputs diffe ...
... the autism spectrum) also suggests that a neurodevelopmental model of the disorder may be useful. For instance, there may be a primary impairment common to individuals with autism (which evidence suggests emerges prenatally, Rodier, 2000) that interacts with experience and environmental inputs diffe ...
Neural coding of behavioral relevance in parietal cortex
... been carried out in the middle temporal area (MT) and the medial superior temporal area (MST) of the monkey. MT and MST contain a preponderance of neurons that are selective for the direction of moving stimuli within their receptive fields (RF). Treue and Maunsell [16,17] were the first to show that ...
... been carried out in the middle temporal area (MT) and the medial superior temporal area (MST) of the monkey. MT and MST contain a preponderance of neurons that are selective for the direction of moving stimuli within their receptive fields (RF). Treue and Maunsell [16,17] were the first to show that ...
Information Theory and Neural Coding
... Transmitted Information measures how much the uncertainty about one random variable can be reduced by observing another. Two random variables are “mutually informative” if they are not statistically independent (p(x,y) ≠ p(x) p(y)) However, information measures are agnostic about how the information ...
... Transmitted Information measures how much the uncertainty about one random variable can be reduced by observing another. Two random variables are “mutually informative” if they are not statistically independent (p(x,y) ≠ p(x) p(y)) However, information measures are agnostic about how the information ...
Goal-direction and top-down control
... learned, whereas the prefrontal cortex (PFC) gradually learns more complex (abstract or long-term) goal-directed behaviours. We then propose a model of how interactions between these two systems can form an ‘iterative engine’ that, through top-down control mechanisms, directs behaviour towards a goa ...
... learned, whereas the prefrontal cortex (PFC) gradually learns more complex (abstract or long-term) goal-directed behaviours. We then propose a model of how interactions between these two systems can form an ‘iterative engine’ that, through top-down control mechanisms, directs behaviour towards a goa ...
Localization of Cognitive Operations
... information on the anatomy involved (5). Our approach relates specific mental operations as developed from cognitive models to neural anatomical areas. The study of reading and listening has been one of the most active areas in cognitive science for the study of internal codes involved in informatio ...
... information on the anatomy involved (5). Our approach relates specific mental operations as developed from cognitive models to neural anatomical areas. The study of reading and listening has been one of the most active areas in cognitive science for the study of internal codes involved in informatio ...
Mindfulness - Maine Psychological Association
... Intrapersonal Acceptance Empathy and Compassion toward others Attention Impulse Control ...
... Intrapersonal Acceptance Empathy and Compassion toward others Attention Impulse Control ...
LIMBIC SYSTEM
... hippocampal Network: The hippocampus forms a principally uni-directional network, with input from the Entorhinal Cortex (EC) that forms connections with the Dentate Gyrus (DG) and CA3 pyramidal neurons via the Perforant Path (PP). CA3 neurons also receive input from the DG via the Mossy Fibres (MF) ...
... hippocampal Network: The hippocampus forms a principally uni-directional network, with input from the Entorhinal Cortex (EC) that forms connections with the Dentate Gyrus (DG) and CA3 pyramidal neurons via the Perforant Path (PP). CA3 neurons also receive input from the DG via the Mossy Fibres (MF) ...
Brain days-Part V-Limbic
... ACC, OFC, ventral striatum, ventral pallidum, midbrain + dorsal prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, and lateral habenular nucleus, and specific brainstem structures such as the pedunculopontine nucleus, and the raphe nucleus key components in regulating the reward circuit Ventral str ...
... ACC, OFC, ventral striatum, ventral pallidum, midbrain + dorsal prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, thalamus, and lateral habenular nucleus, and specific brainstem structures such as the pedunculopontine nucleus, and the raphe nucleus key components in regulating the reward circuit Ventral str ...
Central Nervous System (CNS)
... Includes the rhinencephalon, amygdala, hypothalamus, and anterior nucleus of the thalamus ...
... Includes the rhinencephalon, amygdala, hypothalamus, and anterior nucleus of the thalamus ...
Alcohol and error processing
... response conflict monitoring. In a recent study, Richard Ridderinkhof and colleagues demonstrated that the consumption of moderate amounts of alcohol can reduce the amplitude of the ‘error-related negativity’ (ERN) [1], a negative deflection in the electroencephalogram (EEG) associated with error co ...
... response conflict monitoring. In a recent study, Richard Ridderinkhof and colleagues demonstrated that the consumption of moderate amounts of alcohol can reduce the amplitude of the ‘error-related negativity’ (ERN) [1], a negative deflection in the electroencephalogram (EEG) associated with error co ...
Brain Maps – The Sensory Homunculus
... Brain Maps – The Sensory Homunculus Our brains are maps. This mapping results from the way connections in the brain are ordered and arranged. The ordering of neural pathways between different parts of the brain and those going to and from our muscles and sensory organs produces specific patterns on ...
... Brain Maps – The Sensory Homunculus Our brains are maps. This mapping results from the way connections in the brain are ordered and arranged. The ordering of neural pathways between different parts of the brain and those going to and from our muscles and sensory organs produces specific patterns on ...
Brain Maps – The Sensory Homunculus
... Brain Maps – The Sensory Homunculus Our brains are maps. This mapping results from the way connections in the brain are ordered and arranged. The ordering of neural pathways between different parts of the brain and those going to and from our muscles and sensory organs produces specific patterns on ...
... Brain Maps – The Sensory Homunculus Our brains are maps. This mapping results from the way connections in the brain are ordered and arranged. The ordering of neural pathways between different parts of the brain and those going to and from our muscles and sensory organs produces specific patterns on ...
Neuroscience 14a – Introduction to Consciousness
... 4. Define the main EEG rhythms and state their functional significance 5. Define the main altered states of consciousness and the 3 observations upon which the Glasgow coma scale is based 6. Give examples of metabolic and non-metabolic causes of coma 7. Distinguish between brain death and persistent ...
... 4. Define the main EEG rhythms and state their functional significance 5. Define the main altered states of consciousness and the 3 observations upon which the Glasgow coma scale is based 6. Give examples of metabolic and non-metabolic causes of coma 7. Distinguish between brain death and persistent ...
The Central Nervous System
... – Commisures connect corresponding gray areas of two hemispheres enabling them to function as a whole • The largest is the corpus collosum – Association fibers connect different parts of the same hemisphere – Projection fibers connects the cerebrum and lower brain areas • Sensory information reaches ...
... – Commisures connect corresponding gray areas of two hemispheres enabling them to function as a whole • The largest is the corpus collosum – Association fibers connect different parts of the same hemisphere – Projection fibers connects the cerebrum and lower brain areas • Sensory information reaches ...
poster - Stanford University
... neuromodulation by acetylcholine is a potential mechanism for evoking synchrony during bottom-up stimulus selection. ...
... neuromodulation by acetylcholine is a potential mechanism for evoking synchrony during bottom-up stimulus selection. ...
Frontal lobe and cognitive development
... of hypotheses and for the testing of alternative solutions. Both induction and deduction become the means to do it. Most critically, the subject becomes progressively better capable of integrating information in the time domain, and thus of constructing extended goaldirected gestalts of speech and b ...
... of hypotheses and for the testing of alternative solutions. Both induction and deduction become the means to do it. Most critically, the subject becomes progressively better capable of integrating information in the time domain, and thus of constructing extended goaldirected gestalts of speech and b ...
Physiology Ch 58 p711-720 [4-25
... -hypothalamus controls most of the vegetative and endocrine functions of body and many aspects of emotional behavior Vegetative and Endocrine Control of Hypothalamus – controls arterial pressure, thirst and water conservation, appetite, temperature, and endocrine control -a large, lateral hypothalam ...
... -hypothalamus controls most of the vegetative and endocrine functions of body and many aspects of emotional behavior Vegetative and Endocrine Control of Hypothalamus – controls arterial pressure, thirst and water conservation, appetite, temperature, and endocrine control -a large, lateral hypothalam ...
Executive functions
Executive functions (also known as cognitive control and supervisory attentional system) is an umbrella term for the management (regulation, control) of cognitive processes, including working memory, reasoning, task flexibility, and problem solving as well as planning and execution.The executive system is a theorized cognitive system in psychology that controls and manages other cognitive processes, such as executive functions. The prefrontal areas of the frontal lobe are necessary but not solely sufficient for carrying out these functions.