REVIEWS
... In 1975, the discovery of a method to produce MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES (mAbs) by immortalizing B cells, which developed into HYBRIDOMA TECHNOLOGY, revolutionized antibody therapeutics6. For the first time, it was possible to produce large quantities of an immunoglobulin of a defined specificity and a s ...
... In 1975, the discovery of a method to produce MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES (mAbs) by immortalizing B cells, which developed into HYBRIDOMA TECHNOLOGY, revolutionized antibody therapeutics6. For the first time, it was possible to produce large quantities of an immunoglobulin of a defined specificity and a s ...
No Slide Title
... spacially adjacent chemical groupings that are the site to which an antibody binds Paratope: the binding site of an antibody, accommodates up to ~1000 D Idiotype: collection of all epitopic sites in or near the paratope on an immunoglobulin Allotype: genetically coded differences between proteins of ...
... spacially adjacent chemical groupings that are the site to which an antibody binds Paratope: the binding site of an antibody, accommodates up to ~1000 D Idiotype: collection of all epitopic sites in or near the paratope on an immunoglobulin Allotype: genetically coded differences between proteins of ...
Characterization of Major Structural Proteins of Measles
... the methods described by Norrby & Gollmar (1972). Neutralization (NT) tests were by plaque assay on Vero cells grown in Costar 12-well cluster plates (Fukuda & Sugiura, 1983). The highest dilution that caused 50% plaque reduction was taken as the NT titre. Immunofluorescence. Either Vero or HeLa cel ...
... the methods described by Norrby & Gollmar (1972). Neutralization (NT) tests were by plaque assay on Vero cells grown in Costar 12-well cluster plates (Fukuda & Sugiura, 1983). The highest dilution that caused 50% plaque reduction was taken as the NT titre. Immunofluorescence. Either Vero or HeLa cel ...
2005 Scientific Summary - Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America
... Although antibodies against the AChR (AChR autoantibodies) are responsible for the endplate damage seen in MG, some patients have antibodies against other parts of a muscle cell. The presence of antibodies directed against other elements of muscle may partly explain differences in disease severity a ...
... Although antibodies against the AChR (AChR autoantibodies) are responsible for the endplate damage seen in MG, some patients have antibodies against other parts of a muscle cell. The presence of antibodies directed against other elements of muscle may partly explain differences in disease severity a ...
Adv Phys Immune System
... membranes perhaps 100,000 antibody molecules The combining sites of these surface antibody molecules are now ready to serve as receptors for a specific antigen if it comes by ...
... membranes perhaps 100,000 antibody molecules The combining sites of these surface antibody molecules are now ready to serve as receptors for a specific antigen if it comes by ...
Vaccine Induced Disease
... documented to cause cancer, and can be absorbed through the digestive track, skin, and respiratory track. Mercury is 1,000 times more toxic than lead, and is second only to uranium as the most toxic metal. If children receive all recommended vaccines, they will receive 2,370 times the "allowable saf ...
... documented to cause cancer, and can be absorbed through the digestive track, skin, and respiratory track. Mercury is 1,000 times more toxic than lead, and is second only to uranium as the most toxic metal. If children receive all recommended vaccines, they will receive 2,370 times the "allowable saf ...
Probing Cell Wall Structure and Development by
... produced in rats and 2F4 and CCRC-M1 antibodies are produced in mice. Other antibodies may be produced in rabbits or other, more exotic animals. This can be a source of error if the wrong secondary conjugate is used, but it also allows for some informative double labelling experiments, where primary ...
... produced in rats and 2F4 and CCRC-M1 antibodies are produced in mice. Other antibodies may be produced in rabbits or other, more exotic animals. This can be a source of error if the wrong secondary conjugate is used, but it also allows for some informative double labelling experiments, where primary ...
AJS_Paper3_Autoimmunity
... lifelong consequences. By an unknown mechanism, the immune system kills the insulinproducing beta cells in the pancreas. Insulin is the hormone that enables the body to absorb glucose from the bloodstream. People who suffer from T1D must closely monitor their blood-glucose levels and ensure they are ...
... lifelong consequences. By an unknown mechanism, the immune system kills the insulinproducing beta cells in the pancreas. Insulin is the hormone that enables the body to absorb glucose from the bloodstream. People who suffer from T1D must closely monitor their blood-glucose levels and ensure they are ...
IMMUNOLOGY
... An allergen is a substance that causes the allergic reaction. The (detrimental) reaction may result after exposure via ingestion, inhalation, injection or contact with skin. Cells present their antigens to the immune system via a histocompatibility molecule. Depending on the antigen presented and th ...
... An allergen is a substance that causes the allergic reaction. The (detrimental) reaction may result after exposure via ingestion, inhalation, injection or contact with skin. Cells present their antigens to the immune system via a histocompatibility molecule. Depending on the antigen presented and th ...
Systemic lupus erythematosus and myasthenia gravis
... immune disease with no predilection to involve specific organs, and is characterized by the pres ence of anti‑native DNA and anti‑SM antibodies, which may contribute to the occurrence of sus tained proinflammatory state in the body.1,2 Im mune disorders associated with polyclonal activa tion of ...
... immune disease with no predilection to involve specific organs, and is characterized by the pres ence of anti‑native DNA and anti‑SM antibodies, which may contribute to the occurrence of sus tained proinflammatory state in the body.1,2 Im mune disorders associated with polyclonal activa tion of ...
yahar
... a reversal of CD4+ to CD8+ T cells is observed in HIV infection plasma cells or mature B cells are always seen in organs affected by amyloidosis associated with immunocytic dyscrasias proteolytic cleavage of the precursor protein is an absolute requirement for the formation of amyloid deposit in the ...
... a reversal of CD4+ to CD8+ T cells is observed in HIV infection plasma cells or mature B cells are always seen in organs affected by amyloidosis associated with immunocytic dyscrasias proteolytic cleavage of the precursor protein is an absolute requirement for the formation of amyloid deposit in the ...
Adverse Reactions to Blood Products
... * : ½ of these mistakes are due to hanging the properly labelled blood on the wrong patient, and many of the remainder are due to the recipient being wrongly characterized because of sampling errors ...
... * : ½ of these mistakes are due to hanging the properly labelled blood on the wrong patient, and many of the remainder are due to the recipient being wrongly characterized because of sampling errors ...
a case of hashimoto`s thyroiditis with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia
... KEYWORDS:Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, Auotoimmunehaemolytic anaemia, Thyroxine, Prednisolone. INTRODUCTION: Autoimmune thyroid diseases comprise a series of interrelated conditions including hyperthyroid Grave’s disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, atrophic autoimmune hypothyroidism, postpartum thyroiditis ...
... KEYWORDS:Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, Auotoimmunehaemolytic anaemia, Thyroxine, Prednisolone. INTRODUCTION: Autoimmune thyroid diseases comprise a series of interrelated conditions including hyperthyroid Grave’s disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, atrophic autoimmune hypothyroidism, postpartum thyroiditis ...
4 dent B cell - immunology.unideb.hu
... The BCR is responsible for the antigen recognition by the B cell and the activation of antigen specific B cells. Soluble antibodies facilitate the recognition and elimination of the pathogens by the other components of the immune system. (described in more detail at antibody effector functions) Gen ...
... The BCR is responsible for the antigen recognition by the B cell and the activation of antigen specific B cells. Soluble antibodies facilitate the recognition and elimination of the pathogens by the other components of the immune system. (described in more detail at antibody effector functions) Gen ...
Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis
... • 2-abnormality in glycosylation of the IgA immunoglobulin→ ↓ plasma clearance of IgA → deposition in the mesangium. • 3-the absence of C1q and C4 in glomeruli points to activation of the alternative complement pathway. • 4-increased IgA synthesis in response to respiratory or gastrointestinal expo ...
... • 2-abnormality in glycosylation of the IgA immunoglobulin→ ↓ plasma clearance of IgA → deposition in the mesangium. • 3-the absence of C1q and C4 in glomeruli points to activation of the alternative complement pathway. • 4-increased IgA synthesis in response to respiratory or gastrointestinal expo ...
Immunity through Swarms: Agent-based Simulations of the Human
... viruses and infected cells have been eliminated (Fig. 5a), with a large number of helper and cytotoxic T cells, macrophages, and antibodies remaining. As all IS agents are assigned a specific life time, the immune system will eventually restore to its initial state, but now with a reservoir of antib ...
... viruses and infected cells have been eliminated (Fig. 5a), with a large number of helper and cytotoxic T cells, macrophages, and antibodies remaining. As all IS agents are assigned a specific life time, the immune system will eventually restore to its initial state, but now with a reservoir of antib ...
B antigen
... given to a patient through an intravenous (IV) line in one of the blood vessels. Blood transfusions are done to replace blood lost during surgery or a serious injury. A transfusion also may be done if a person’s body can't make blood properly because of an illness. ...
... given to a patient through an intravenous (IV) line in one of the blood vessels. Blood transfusions are done to replace blood lost during surgery or a serious injury. A transfusion also may be done if a person’s body can't make blood properly because of an illness. ...
Successful Plating Strategies
... needed efficiency. One method that is gaining more widespread use is fusing cells by applying highvoltage electrical gradients across cell populations—a sequence of short bursts of electric current fuses adjacent membranes, increases membrane permeability, and yields hybrid cells. Electrofusion is a ...
... needed efficiency. One method that is gaining more widespread use is fusing cells by applying highvoltage electrical gradients across cell populations—a sequence of short bursts of electric current fuses adjacent membranes, increases membrane permeability, and yields hybrid cells. Electrofusion is a ...
The Role of Autoantibodies in Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis
... of MS. Indeed, it permits obtaining molecular characteristics of disease in each patient in term of an antibody response against certain myelin and non-myelin antigens. It has been shown that in RRMS patients the increased level of serum antibodies against PLP is important, so that it might be consi ...
... of MS. Indeed, it permits obtaining molecular characteristics of disease in each patient in term of an antibody response against certain myelin and non-myelin antigens. It has been shown that in RRMS patients the increased level of serum antibodies against PLP is important, so that it might be consi ...
Production of Polyclonal Antibodies to a Recombinant Potato Mop
... of establishing infection without the CP-encoding RNA, and also without the putative CRP (Savenkov et al., 2003). Thus, detection based on some other non-structural protein could be advantageous when combined with CP detection methods and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods (Arif et al., 1994; R ...
... of establishing infection without the CP-encoding RNA, and also without the putative CRP (Savenkov et al., 2003). Thus, detection based on some other non-structural protein could be advantageous when combined with CP detection methods and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods (Arif et al., 1994; R ...
39. Immune system
... immunity to certain diseases. • In specific defenses, the immune system forms a chemical “memory” of the invading microbe. If the microbe is encountered again, the body reacts so quickly that few or no symptoms are felt. ...
... immunity to certain diseases. • In specific defenses, the immune system forms a chemical “memory” of the invading microbe. If the microbe is encountered again, the body reacts so quickly that few or no symptoms are felt. ...
ILAR 46(2) - Laboratory Animal Boards Study Group
... macrophages and dentritic cells (DCs); innate defenses have rapid assimilation and nonspecific response of limited duration. Specific immune responses take longer to develop but are specific and longer-lasting. Adjuvants in vaccines and immunizations enhance the development of specific immune respon ...
... macrophages and dentritic cells (DCs); innate defenses have rapid assimilation and nonspecific response of limited duration. Specific immune responses take longer to develop but are specific and longer-lasting. Adjuvants in vaccines and immunizations enhance the development of specific immune respon ...
Anti-nuclear antibody
Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs, also known as antinuclear factor or ANF) are autoantibodies that bind to contents of the cell nucleus. In normal individuals, the immune system produces antibodies to foreign proteins (antigens) but not to human proteins (autoantigens). In some individuals, antibodies to human antigens are produced.There are many subtypes of ANAs such as anti-Ro antibodies, anti-La antibodies, anti-Sm antibodies, anti-nRNP antibodies, anti-Scl-70 antibodies, anti-dsDNA antibodies, anti-histone antibodies, antibodies to nuclear pore complexes, anti-centromere antibodies and anti-sp100 antibodies. Each of these antibody subtypes binds to different proteins or protein complexes within the nucleus. They are found in many disorders including autoimmunity, cancer and infection, with different prevalences of antibodies depending on the condition. This allows the use of ANAs in the diagnosis of some autoimmune disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome, scleroderma, mixed connective tissue disease, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, autoimmune hepatitis and drug induced lupus.The ANA test detects the autoantibodies present in an individual's blood serum. The common tests used for detecting and quantifying ANAs are indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In immunofluorescence, the level of autoantibodies is reported as a titre. This is the highest dilution of the serum at which autoantibodies are still detectable. Positive autoantibody titres at a dilution equal to or greater than 1:160 are usually considered as clinically significant. Positive titres of less than 1:160 are present in up to 20% of the healthy population, especially the elderly. Although positive titres of 1:160 or higher are strongly associated with autoimmune disorders, they are also found in 5% of healthy individuals. Autoantibody screening is useful in the diagnosis of autoimmune disorders and monitoring levels helps to predict the progression of disease. A positive ANA test is seldom useful if other clinical or laboratory data supporting a diagnosis are not present.