ppt - med.muni
... - focal: < 50% glomeruli are affected - diffuse: > 50% glomerulů are affected - segmental: only a part of the glomerular tuft is involved - glomerulosclerosis: obliteration of capillary ...
... - focal: < 50% glomeruli are affected - diffuse: > 50% glomerulů are affected - segmental: only a part of the glomerular tuft is involved - glomerulosclerosis: obliteration of capillary ...
Rh Immunozation
... deduced that TPH would mainly occur during delivery rather than during the course of pregnancy. ...
... deduced that TPH would mainly occur during delivery rather than during the course of pregnancy. ...
File
... Toxins produced by pathogens Dead pathogens These all act as antigens – when injected into the body, they stimulate white blood cells to produce antibodies against the pathogen ...
... Toxins produced by pathogens Dead pathogens These all act as antigens – when injected into the body, they stimulate white blood cells to produce antibodies against the pathogen ...
in Children with Autism.
... TNF-a) levels, but antigen-specific serum IgE levels were not elevated. All chemicals induced significant increases in numbe of lymphocytes and surface antigen expression of B cells. ...
... TNF-a) levels, but antigen-specific serum IgE levels were not elevated. All chemicals induced significant increases in numbe of lymphocytes and surface antigen expression of B cells. ...
antigen-antibody reaction
... the antibody not only binds with the antigen but also the antigens are bridged by a single antibody. In some cases two antigens may be bridged by a single antibody. Such a binding is weak. But when two antigens are bridge by two antibodies, the binding will be strong. This phenomenon of giving extra ...
... the antibody not only binds with the antigen but also the antigens are bridged by a single antibody. In some cases two antigens may be bridged by a single antibody. Such a binding is weak. But when two antigens are bridge by two antibodies, the binding will be strong. This phenomenon of giving extra ...
CHAPTER 18
... Immunologic disorders such as hypersensitivities, autoimmunities, and immunodeficiencies have become important problems that require considerable amounts of research and effort in their treatment. However, many of these disorders have yet to be fully understood. Sometimes the immune response system ...
... Immunologic disorders such as hypersensitivities, autoimmunities, and immunodeficiencies have become important problems that require considerable amounts of research and effort in their treatment. However, many of these disorders have yet to be fully understood. Sometimes the immune response system ...
Introduction
... Sensitization is the binding of a specific antibody to its’ specific antigen Sensitization cannot be visualized Multitude of laboratory methods have been developed to make this reaction visible ...
... Sensitization is the binding of a specific antibody to its’ specific antigen Sensitization cannot be visualized Multitude of laboratory methods have been developed to make this reaction visible ...
Monoclonal Versus Polyclonal Antibodies: Distinguishing
... presenting multiple epitopes. Avidity is determined by the affinity of the antibody for the epitope, the number of antibody binding sites, and the geometry of the resulting antibody-antigen complexes. For example, IgG is bivalent, whereas IgM is decavalent and therefore has a higher avidity. Avidity ...
... presenting multiple epitopes. Avidity is determined by the affinity of the antibody for the epitope, the number of antibody binding sites, and the geometry of the resulting antibody-antigen complexes. For example, IgG is bivalent, whereas IgM is decavalent and therefore has a higher avidity. Avidity ...
In Focus Autoantibodies in anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody
... expression of AAV and this coincides with the need for a critical analysis of the role of more recently described autoantibodies, such as those specific for LAMP-2 [19], plasminogen [20, 21] and now moesin [1]. Autoantibodies to LAMP-2 have been described in 80–90% of patients presenting with pauci-i ...
... expression of AAV and this coincides with the need for a critical analysis of the role of more recently described autoantibodies, such as those specific for LAMP-2 [19], plasminogen [20, 21] and now moesin [1]. Autoantibodies to LAMP-2 have been described in 80–90% of patients presenting with pauci-i ...
Blood Group Incompatibility
... which blood was transfused into rhesus monkeys, although the term Rhesus is no longer in use. Antibodies to Rh antigens are usually caused through immunization by red cells, although apparently naturally occurring antibodies can and do occur. The Rh system is far more complex than the ABO system and ...
... which blood was transfused into rhesus monkeys, although the term Rhesus is no longer in use. Antibodies to Rh antigens are usually caused through immunization by red cells, although apparently naturally occurring antibodies can and do occur. The Rh system is far more complex than the ABO system and ...
Hemolytic Anemia - UCSF | Department of Medicine
... II. Approach to diagnosis: Once you’ve figured out that hemolysis is going on, how do you determine the cause? Most useful tools to begin with: the peripheral smear and the Coombs’ test. Finding on smear Spherocytes Schistocytes Spur cells/acanthocytes Target cells Agglutinated cells Heinz bodies ...
... II. Approach to diagnosis: Once you’ve figured out that hemolysis is going on, how do you determine the cause? Most useful tools to begin with: the peripheral smear and the Coombs’ test. Finding on smear Spherocytes Schistocytes Spur cells/acanthocytes Target cells Agglutinated cells Heinz bodies ...
Antibodies determine virulence of Dengue viruses
... secondary DF vs secondary DHF 1.DHF (enhanced infection) has stronger influence on the gene expression profile than DF (partially protected secondary infection). 2. 17 genes in immune response category are more strongly upregulated in DF PBMCs than in DHF PBMCs. 40% of them are genes of the interfer ...
... secondary DF vs secondary DHF 1.DHF (enhanced infection) has stronger influence on the gene expression profile than DF (partially protected secondary infection). 2. 17 genes in immune response category are more strongly upregulated in DF PBMCs than in DHF PBMCs. 40% of them are genes of the interfer ...
Antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis heat shock proteins in women
... was selected as control for each of the 163 patients. Sera were collected from both groups. Chlamydial antibodies by micro-immunofluorescence (MIF) The sera have been examined for antibodies to C. trachomatis previously. At that time C. pneumoniae had not been recognized as a common human pathogen. ...
... was selected as control for each of the 163 patients. Sera were collected from both groups. Chlamydial antibodies by micro-immunofluorescence (MIF) The sera have been examined for antibodies to C. trachomatis previously. At that time C. pneumoniae had not been recognized as a common human pathogen. ...
Detection of Post-Transplant Anti-HLA Donor
... of antibody-mediated hyper-acute or acute allograft rejection. In order to select recipients without donor-specific antiHLA antibodies the complement-dependent cytotoxicity crossmatch assay (CDC-CM) was established as standard procedure more than forty years ago. This assay, however, is characterize ...
... of antibody-mediated hyper-acute or acute allograft rejection. In order to select recipients without donor-specific antiHLA antibodies the complement-dependent cytotoxicity crossmatch assay (CDC-CM) was established as standard procedure more than forty years ago. This assay, however, is characterize ...
The Role of the Thymic Hormone Thymulin as an - diss.fu
... Both are part of the so called adaptive or acquired immunity, a highly effective complex network between host and pathogen, involving cell-cell contacts as well as factors such as cytokines, that lead to a highly specific immune response to particular pathogens. This kind of immunity is achieved th ...
... Both are part of the so called adaptive or acquired immunity, a highly effective complex network between host and pathogen, involving cell-cell contacts as well as factors such as cytokines, that lead to a highly specific immune response to particular pathogens. This kind of immunity is achieved th ...
Tribodies: Fab-scFv fusion proteins as a platform to
... complexes on non-cytotoxic cells such as platelets and B-cells. However, experience with antitumor antibodies has shown that effective antibodies also have an influence on the target cell by the nature of the receptor (or even epitope) they target. Ways this can be done is by growth inhibition (e.g. ...
... complexes on non-cytotoxic cells such as platelets and B-cells. However, experience with antitumor antibodies has shown that effective antibodies also have an influence on the target cell by the nature of the receptor (or even epitope) they target. Ways this can be done is by growth inhibition (e.g. ...
cancer treatment that uses monoclonal antibodies (download only)
... The B-cells that manufacture these antibodies were extracted from the mouse’s spleen. These cells, like all healthy cells, have a limited lifespan. This means that they cannot be grown in the lab long enough to produce sufficient antibodies for medical testing. To get around this, the spleen cells w ...
... The B-cells that manufacture these antibodies were extracted from the mouse’s spleen. These cells, like all healthy cells, have a limited lifespan. This means that they cannot be grown in the lab long enough to produce sufficient antibodies for medical testing. To get around this, the spleen cells w ...
Chapter 3
... The primary immune response develops in the weeks following exposure to an antigen and is mainly IgM antibody. It is made by cells in lymph nodes, spleen and bone marrow and circulates in the blood and lymphatic system. IgM antibodies activate the complement system. IgM antibodies have a short half- ...
... The primary immune response develops in the weeks following exposure to an antigen and is mainly IgM antibody. It is made by cells in lymph nodes, spleen and bone marrow and circulates in the blood and lymphatic system. IgM antibodies activate the complement system. IgM antibodies have a short half- ...
Understanding Lupus
... Removal of B cells may improve disease control Open label trials of rituximab (anti CD-20) have shown up to 80% response, 50% with sustained response after 12 months. A recent RCT (EXPLORER) did not show a benefit with rituximab but patients were very sick and both control and study patients rec ...
... Removal of B cells may improve disease control Open label trials of rituximab (anti CD-20) have shown up to 80% response, 50% with sustained response after 12 months. A recent RCT (EXPLORER) did not show a benefit with rituximab but patients were very sick and both control and study patients rec ...
Immune Physiology
... 1) Active immunity = get immunity (antibodies) that you produce from actual exposure (natural) to disease organism or from vaccination (artificial exposure). 2) Passive Immunity = get immunity (antibodies) from source outside your body: Natural (breast milk) or artificial (injection of antibodies). ...
... 1) Active immunity = get immunity (antibodies) that you produce from actual exposure (natural) to disease organism or from vaccination (artificial exposure). 2) Passive Immunity = get immunity (antibodies) from source outside your body: Natural (breast milk) or artificial (injection of antibodies). ...
The Usefulness of Rabbit Anti-QQQPP Peptide Antibodies to Wheat
... Unfortunately, the use of subtilisin involves a risk of creation of peptides with opiate activities or many other biological activities, for example other allergens. It can also cause a decrease in organoleptic quality of the product. Such a risk does not exist in the case of using transglutaminase ...
... Unfortunately, the use of subtilisin involves a risk of creation of peptides with opiate activities or many other biological activities, for example other allergens. It can also cause a decrease in organoleptic quality of the product. Such a risk does not exist in the case of using transglutaminase ...
(SLE).
... • The arthritis of lupus is usually found on both sides of the body and does not cause deformity of the joints. Swelling and tenderness must be present. • The most frequently involved joints are those of the hand, knees, and wrists. • People with lupus can suffer from a certain type of low blood flo ...
... • The arthritis of lupus is usually found on both sides of the body and does not cause deformity of the joints. Swelling and tenderness must be present. • The most frequently involved joints are those of the hand, knees, and wrists. • People with lupus can suffer from a certain type of low blood flo ...
Echinococcus granulosus
... Cattle may have some natural immunity that inhibits the development and growth of PSC. Cattle are resistant to infection Sheep may have only a limited resistance to primary infection Sheep appear to be highly susceptible to infection ...
... Cattle may have some natural immunity that inhibits the development and growth of PSC. Cattle are resistant to infection Sheep may have only a limited resistance to primary infection Sheep appear to be highly susceptible to infection ...
The Immune System - Friedman
... response because of the fact their Blymphocyte cells, or T-lymphocyte cells are ...
... response because of the fact their Blymphocyte cells, or T-lymphocyte cells are ...
Anti-nuclear antibody
Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs, also known as antinuclear factor or ANF) are autoantibodies that bind to contents of the cell nucleus. In normal individuals, the immune system produces antibodies to foreign proteins (antigens) but not to human proteins (autoantigens). In some individuals, antibodies to human antigens are produced.There are many subtypes of ANAs such as anti-Ro antibodies, anti-La antibodies, anti-Sm antibodies, anti-nRNP antibodies, anti-Scl-70 antibodies, anti-dsDNA antibodies, anti-histone antibodies, antibodies to nuclear pore complexes, anti-centromere antibodies and anti-sp100 antibodies. Each of these antibody subtypes binds to different proteins or protein complexes within the nucleus. They are found in many disorders including autoimmunity, cancer and infection, with different prevalences of antibodies depending on the condition. This allows the use of ANAs in the diagnosis of some autoimmune disorders, including systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren's syndrome, scleroderma, mixed connective tissue disease, polymyositis, dermatomyositis, autoimmune hepatitis and drug induced lupus.The ANA test detects the autoantibodies present in an individual's blood serum. The common tests used for detecting and quantifying ANAs are indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). In immunofluorescence, the level of autoantibodies is reported as a titre. This is the highest dilution of the serum at which autoantibodies are still detectable. Positive autoantibody titres at a dilution equal to or greater than 1:160 are usually considered as clinically significant. Positive titres of less than 1:160 are present in up to 20% of the healthy population, especially the elderly. Although positive titres of 1:160 or higher are strongly associated with autoimmune disorders, they are also found in 5% of healthy individuals. Autoantibody screening is useful in the diagnosis of autoimmune disorders and monitoring levels helps to predict the progression of disease. A positive ANA test is seldom useful if other clinical or laboratory data supporting a diagnosis are not present.