MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF FLAVIVIRUSES
... As for all positive-stranded RNA viruses, flavivirus genomic RNA is infectious (Peleg, 1969). Following the advent of molecular cloning it became possible to produce recombinant flavivirus genomes that can initiate replication and virus production in appropriately transfected host cells (Gritsun and ...
... As for all positive-stranded RNA viruses, flavivirus genomic RNA is infectious (Peleg, 1969). Following the advent of molecular cloning it became possible to produce recombinant flavivirus genomes that can initiate replication and virus production in appropriately transfected host cells (Gritsun and ...
daclizumab
... • Zinbryta™, daclizumab, is indicated for relapsing MS, as 3rd line (or later) treatment • Contraindicated in preexisting hepatic ...
... • Zinbryta™, daclizumab, is indicated for relapsing MS, as 3rd line (or later) treatment • Contraindicated in preexisting hepatic ...
Norovirus and Histo-Blood Group Antigens
... SUMMARY: Norovirus (NoV), a member of the family Caliciviridae, is a major cause of acute water- and food-borne nonbacterial gastroenteritis and forms antigenically diverse groups of viruses. Human NoVs are divided into at least three genogroups, genogroups I (GI), GII, and GIV, which contain at lea ...
... SUMMARY: Norovirus (NoV), a member of the family Caliciviridae, is a major cause of acute water- and food-borne nonbacterial gastroenteritis and forms antigenically diverse groups of viruses. Human NoVs are divided into at least three genogroups, genogroups I (GI), GII, and GIV, which contain at lea ...
Pathogenesis of liver involvement during dengue viral infections
... and cellular infiltrates at the portal tract (Bhamarapravati, 1989; Burke, 1968). Most reports are based on small numbers of samples obtained from fatal cases. The presence of thrombocytopenia and coagulative dysfunction makes it difficult to obtain samples from others. As such, one is unsure of the d ...
... and cellular infiltrates at the portal tract (Bhamarapravati, 1989; Burke, 1968). Most reports are based on small numbers of samples obtained from fatal cases. The presence of thrombocytopenia and coagulative dysfunction makes it difficult to obtain samples from others. As such, one is unsure of the d ...
Comparison of pseudotyping systems and their use in virus entry
... proteins. The reporter gene is integrated into the genome of transduced cells and enables detection of infection by the formed retroviral pseudoparticles. This way it is possible to compare different variants of a fusion protein, like wild type and mutants or multiple serotypes for their capability ...
... proteins. The reporter gene is integrated into the genome of transduced cells and enables detection of infection by the formed retroviral pseudoparticles. This way it is possible to compare different variants of a fusion protein, like wild type and mutants or multiple serotypes for their capability ...
Modeling host interactions with hepatitis B virus using
... antiviral ISGs, at least in culture. To assay for this response, we incubated MPCCs with HBV infectious serum and analyzed the relative expression of type I IFNs, IFN-α, and IFN-β, as well as two genes implicated in type III IFN response, over the next 16 d (Fig. 2, Left). Both IFN-α and IFN-β were ...
... antiviral ISGs, at least in culture. To assay for this response, we incubated MPCCs with HBV infectious serum and analyzed the relative expression of type I IFNs, IFN-α, and IFN-β, as well as two genes implicated in type III IFN response, over the next 16 d (Fig. 2, Left). Both IFN-α and IFN-β were ...
The Hepatitis Alphabet
... Because hepatitis A typically resolves on its own, there is no standard treatment for HAV. During the acute period, general measures such as a healthy diet, plenty of fluids, avoidance of alcohol and adequate rest can help make a person feel better. ...
... Because hepatitis A typically resolves on its own, there is no standard treatment for HAV. During the acute period, general measures such as a healthy diet, plenty of fluids, avoidance of alcohol and adequate rest can help make a person feel better. ...
Hepatitis B - American Academy of Family Physicians
... is caused by the host’s immune response against infected hepatocytes. Acute HBV infection leads to fulminant hepatic failure from massive hepatocellular necrosis in about 1 percent of infections. Rarely, patients with an “exuberant” immune response present with clinical symptoms but progress to hepa ...
... is caused by the host’s immune response against infected hepatocytes. Acute HBV infection leads to fulminant hepatic failure from massive hepatocellular necrosis in about 1 percent of infections. Rarely, patients with an “exuberant” immune response present with clinical symptoms but progress to hepa ...
Interferon
Interferons (IFNs) are a group of signaling proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of several pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, and also tumor cells. In a typical scenario, a virus-infected cell will release interferons causing nearby cells to heighten their anti-viral defenses.IFNs belong to the large class of proteins known as cytokines, molecules used for communication between cells to trigger the protective defenses of the immune system that help eradicate pathogens. Interferons are named for their ability to ""interfere"" with viral replication by protecting cells from virus infections. IFNs also have various other functions: they activate immune cells, such as natural killer cells and macrophages; they increase host defenses by up-regulating antigen presentation by virtue of increasing the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens. Certain symptoms of infections, such as fever, muscle pain and ""flu-like symptoms"", are also caused by the production of IFNs and other cytokines.More than twenty distinct IFN genes and proteins have been identified in animals, including humans. They are typically divided among three classes: Type I IFN, Type II IFN, and Type III IFN. IFNs belonging to all three classes are important for fighting viral infections and for the regulation of the immune system.