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HIV-1 entry in human macrophages - Hal-CEA
HIV-1 entry in human macrophages - Hal-CEA

introduction to polyomaviruses
introduction to polyomaviruses

... the idea that viral infections might be a major cause of cancer in humans. By the late 1950s, various investigators had succeeded in developing cell culture systems for analysing the transforming activities of murine polyomavirus in vitro. This work set the stage for the discovery of the primate pol ...
Determinants in HIV-2 Env and tetherin required for
Determinants in HIV-2 Env and tetherin required for

CYTOKINE-MEDIATED REGULATION OF BK VIRUS REPLICATION
CYTOKINE-MEDIATED REGULATION OF BK VIRUS REPLICATION

Functional analysis of a novel baculovirus envelope fusion protein
Functional analysis of a novel baculovirus envelope fusion protein

Hepatitis
Hepatitis

...  Provide vaccination for chronic hepatitis B and C patients who have not had hepatitis A or B  Screen all patients who have tested positive for a sexually transmitted infection for hepatitis C Background  There are several forms of infectious hepatitis, caused by different viral agents. The most ...
Interactions between exogenous and endogenous retroviruses
Interactions between exogenous and endogenous retroviruses

high-throughput transient gene expression in plant
high-throughput transient gene expression in plant

... Plant protoplasts are widely used in transient expression assays using electroporation or polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated transfection with foreign materials such as plasmid DNA, RNA or viruses (Dixon, 1994; Koop et aI., 1996). It has been shown that when protoplasts from a variety of plant syste ...
Viral Membrane Channels: Role and Function in the Virus Life Cycle
Viral Membrane Channels: Role and Function in the Virus Life Cycle

Expression of biologically active mouse ciliary neutrophic factor
Expression of biologically active mouse ciliary neutrophic factor

... The CNTF receptor (CNTFR) comprises three subunits: CNTFRa, leukemia inhibitory factor b receptor (LIFRb) and gp130 [40, 41]. CNTFRa is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) - anchored protein, which can also be found in a soluble form (sCNTFRa) [42]. The binding of CNTF to membrane bound or soluble ...
Recombinant adeno-associated virus purification using
Recombinant adeno-associated virus purification using

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ABSTRACT Title of Document: ROLE

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An Introduction to the Viruses

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Biology of Influenza A Virus

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Bacterial second messengers, cGMP and cdiGMP, in a quest for

... XC_0249) are encoded by more than 50 other bacteria, which suggests that the cGMP–c-di-GMP regulatory hierarchy may be even more common. An et al, (2013) report the crystal structure of the cNMPbinding domain of XC_0249 with bound cGMP (PDB entry 4KG1), which provides insights into the distribution ...
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Activation Mechanism of Protein Kinase B by DNA

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Infection of Lymphocytes by a Virus that Aborts

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RSV infection modulates IL-15 production and MICA levels in respiratory epithelial cells

Herpes simplex virus-1 and varicella
Herpes simplex virus-1 and varicella

... and becomes latent in ganglia of rabbits and mice after experimental inoculation by various routes. Further, virus can be induced to reactivate by various external stimuli. Thus, studies of HSV latency in humans have been paralleled by models of latency in different animals. The HSV genome HSV-1 is ...
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Daclatasvir Prevents Hepatitis C Virus by Blocking Transfer of

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AASLD PRACTICE GUIDELINE Diagnosis, Management, and Treatment of Hepatitis C Preamble

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How Active Are Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses (PERVs)?

Otsuka M
Otsuka M

The Secret of Viral Reproduction - DigitalCommons@USU
The Secret of Viral Reproduction - DigitalCommons@USU

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Interferon



Interferons (IFNs) are a group of signaling proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of several pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, and also tumor cells. In a typical scenario, a virus-infected cell will release interferons causing nearby cells to heighten their anti-viral defenses.IFNs belong to the large class of proteins known as cytokines, molecules used for communication between cells to trigger the protective defenses of the immune system that help eradicate pathogens. Interferons are named for their ability to ""interfere"" with viral replication by protecting cells from virus infections. IFNs also have various other functions: they activate immune cells, such as natural killer cells and macrophages; they increase host defenses by up-regulating antigen presentation by virtue of increasing the expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens. Certain symptoms of infections, such as fever, muscle pain and ""flu-like symptoms"", are also caused by the production of IFNs and other cytokines.More than twenty distinct IFN genes and proteins have been identified in animals, including humans. They are typically divided among three classes: Type I IFN, Type II IFN, and Type III IFN. IFNs belonging to all three classes are important for fighting viral infections and for the regulation of the immune system.
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