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Emerging epidemic and challenges of Type 2 diabetes in young adults
Emerging epidemic and challenges of Type 2 diabetes in young adults

... Such vast discrepancies may be due to population variance but undoubtedly also demonstrates a current lack of methodological standardization in reporting and disease definition [1] . In the UK, reports on the incidence and prevalence of T2DM in youth are derived from publications of either questionn ...
Prevention and control of outbreaks of seasonal
Prevention and control of outbreaks of seasonal

... rapidly with the proportion of people aged 65 and older forecast to increase from 14% in 2010 to 25% in 2050. The WHO Regional Office for Europe, through the European health policy framework Health 2020, aims to significantly improve the health and well-being of populations, reduce health inequaliti ...
Mapping of National Tropical Disease Centers - WHO South
Mapping of National Tropical Disease Centers - WHO South

... Nepal, the land of Himalayas and natural beauties, also harbors communicable diseases more commonly labeled as "Neglected Infectious Diseases". The tropical disease centers included in this mapping contribute significantly, in research, training, clinical services or policy making, to the diseases t ...
Infection Control Guideline
Infection Control Guideline

... or outlines of policy or conduct which should not be regarded as rigid standards. Guidelines facilitate the setting of standards but respect the autonomy of each institution and recognize the governing body’s authority and responsibility of ensuring the quality of patient or resident care provided b ...
Guidelines for respiratory management of children with
Guidelines for respiratory management of children with

... of deterioration with respiratory infection, should be taught augmented cough techniques. [C]
ConiferHealth_PowerPoint Template
ConiferHealth_PowerPoint Template

... Acute Renal Failure (ARF) / Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) [ ] Prerenal Azotemia (dehydration, shock, CHF, renal obstruction, creatinine responds to IV fluid) [ ] Acute Tubular Necrosis (ATN) (nephrotoxicity, extended decreased renal perfusion, increasing creatinine (0.5 / day) not responding to fluids, lo ...
Anderson,Sarah - My Mount Mary
Anderson,Sarah - My Mount Mary

... Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is one of the most prevalent causes of nosocomial diarrhea associated with an increased risk of mortality. Despite recent medical advances in diagnosing and treatment, CDI remains a significant challenge and economic burden to healthcare systems. The use of prob ...
Headache in School Children: Prevalence and Risk Factors
Headache in School Children: Prevalence and Risk Factors

... Small children with such symptoms are at an increased risk of developing migraines or tension-type headache later (7, e5). In adolescents (12–15 years of age), the clinical symptomatology of migraines and tension-type headache is similar to that of adults. The stability of the diagnosis over time is ...
A Critical Review of Clinical Arteriogenesis Research D,* Wolfgang Schaper, MD,†
A Critical Review of Clinical Arteriogenesis Research D,* Wolfgang Schaper, MD,†

... studies on the extent of the collateral circulation in the human heart was published (1). Using high-resolution post-mortem angiography, these studies delivered final proof of the presence of collateral vessels between the different vascular territories of the normal healthy human heart, refuting cl ...
Ebola Exposure - Office Hours Telephone Triage Protocols
Ebola Exposure - Office Hours Telephone Triage Protocols

... People with Ebola do not spread the disease until they become sick and get a fever. The Ebola virus can be spread by blood or body fluids (including breast milk, feces, saliva, semen, sweat, urine, vomit) of a person who is sick with or died from Ebola. It can be spread by contaminated objects ( ...
Life Saving Drugs Programme Review: Technical Assessment
Life Saving Drugs Programme Review: Technical Assessment

... Conflicts of interest The authors of this document have no financial or other conflicts of interest pertaining to the Life Saving Drug Programme, the drugs reviewed or the conditions assessed. ...
National Plague Control Guidelines
National Plague Control Guidelines

... It gives me great pleasure to introduce The Plague Control Guidelines. Human cases of plague have been notifiable in South Africa since 1919 with the first recorded case going as far back as 1899. The last reported case was in 1982 in Coega, Eastern Cape. However, countries surrounding South Africa ...
GOLD for RT
GOLD for RT

... Assess and Monitor COPD: Key Points  A clinical diagnosis of COPD should be considered in any patient who has dyspnea, chronic cough or sputum production, and/or a history of exposure to risk factors for the disease.  The diagnosis should be confirmed by spirometry. A post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ...
Communicable Disease Management Protocol
Communicable Disease Management Protocol

... and through blood transfusion, but these are much less common. It is a systemic disease caused by the ...
pulmonary hypertension in dogs
pulmonary hypertension in dogs

... that develops secondary to many common disease processes that occur in small animals. However, pulmonary hypertension is often underdiagnosed in practice because of the varied clinical presentations and requirement for specialized diagnostic equipment such as echocardiography or pulmonary arterial c ...
statistical analysis plan
statistical analysis plan

... Procedure, radio frequency energy delivery time and fluoroscopy times. A tertiary objective is to conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis. Details of this analysis will be available later on in a separate document. 3 DATASETS ANALYZED 3.1 Intent-To-Treat (ITT) Population The ITT population will consis ...
Long-acting b -agonists in adult asthma
Long-acting b -agonists in adult asthma

... Table 1 describes the distribution of treatment steps in the study population and the patient characteristics with each treatment step. Almost half of the prescriptions were provided according to treatment steps 1 or 2. There were ,900,000 recordings of peak flow in the study population. The lowest ...
Risk assessment of "other substances" - L
Risk assessment of "other substances" - L

... regulating blood pressure and improve vascular function. Arginine, supplied as alpha-ketoglutarate, has been observed to increase nitric-oxide production and is mostly studied in athletes because of its claimed enhancing effect on physical performance. Due to the lack of adequate scientific informat ...
The use of phosphate binders in CKD
The use of phosphate binders in CKD

... Asmus et al (2005) randomly allocated 72 haemodialysis patients to CaCO3 or sevelamer for 2 years. EBCT scans to assess vascular calcification were performed at 6, 12 and 24 months. Bone density was also measured by CT. Results showed that calcium x phosphate was similar in the two groups. However, ...
A rabian Gulf University
A rabian Gulf University

... full-time CMMS faculty members who had their papers accepted while they were at the College, but left prior to their publication. Thus, the current figure of over 400 cited peer-reviewed articles is an underestimate of the actual total. The scientific research accomplishments of the College should b ...
chapter 22 - Princeton ISD
chapter 22 - Princeton ISD

... 2. Explain the structure and function of the nervous system The parts of the eye consist of the following: • Sclera: white of the eye • Cornea: transparent front part of the sclera • Iris: part of the eye that is genetically colored • Pupil: circular opening in the center of the iris, which dilates ...
`Cut down to quit` with nicotine replacement therapies in
`Cut down to quit` with nicotine replacement therapies in

... randomised placebo-controlled trials satisfied the inclusion criteria; six of these were industry sponsored. However, sustained smoking cessation was only reported as a secondary outcome in these trials and required commencement of cessation within the first 6 weeks of treatment. Meta-analyses of th ...
Approach to Dyslipidemia in Primary Care
Approach to Dyslipidemia in Primary Care

... Adverse drug interaction – Gemfibrozil- inhibits glucuronidation of lipophilic statins and increases levels thus increasde risk of myopathy. Also decreases warfarin by 30% ...
Glycogen Storage Disease Type III diagnosis and management
Glycogen Storage Disease Type III diagnosis and management

... GSD IV.44 Muscle involvement and elevated CK concentrations can occur in GSD IIIa, some hepatic forms of GSD IX, McArdle disease, and late onset GSD II (Pompe disease) but with clinical and pathophysiologic differences. Muscle weakness in late onset Pompe disease is primarily truncal and proximal, a ...
Controversies in Asthma Care in Children
Controversies in Asthma Care in Children

... (usually by 25-50%) • Inhaled steroids are safe even in the young at mild to moderate doses with only a slight decrease in growth velocity. Higher doses have been shown to affect growth, cause cataracts and reduce bone density • Response to therapy is very important in this ...
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Epidemiology



Epidemiology is the study of the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations. It is the cornerstone of public health, and shapes policy decisions and evidence-based practice by identifying risk factors for disease and targets for preventive healthcare. Epidemiologists help with study design, collection, and statistical analysis of data, and interpretation and dissemination of results (including peer review and occasional systematic review). Epidemiology has helped develop methodology used in clinical research, public health studies, and, to a lesser extent, basic research in the biological sciences.Major areas of epidemiological study include disease etiology, transmission, outbreak investigation, disease surveillance and screening, biomonitoring, and comparisons of treatment effects such as in clinical trials. Epidemiologists rely on other scientific disciplines like biology to better understand disease processes, statistics to make efficient use of the data and draw appropriate conclusions, social sciences to understand proximate and distal causes better, and engineering for exposure assessment.
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