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New Antidotes in Toxicology
New Antidotes in Toxicology

... increase in temperature, sweating, sleepiness, pain in the chest and back, slight pressure over the eyes, dizziness, and irritation at the site of infusion, and, rarely, thrombocytopenia in neonates; b) Delayed adverse reactions such as hepatomegaly, jaundice due to central lobular cholestasis, sple ...
Suggestion from clinicians
Suggestion from clinicians

... with long-term, high-dose therapy. The cardiovascular risk conferred by non-aspirin NSAIDs is likely associated with inhibition of COX-2– mediated production of PGI2 , which has a cardioprotective role in the circulatory system, promoting vasodilation, preventing platelet activation and cell adhesio ...
Antibiotics - SeattleCloud
Antibiotics - SeattleCloud

...  Action:  bactericidal.  These  drugs  block  the  transpeptidase  activity  of  penicillin­binding  protein (PBP).   Side effects: gastrointestinal alterations; non‐specific or C. difficile diarrhea, abdominal pain,  nausea, vomiting. Thrombophlebitis, pain at the injection site. The major side e ...
Amiodarone - pharminfotech
Amiodarone - pharminfotech

... Amiodarone has a very long half-life, reported to be between 14 and 110 days with chronic dosing. ƒ Maximal antiarrhythmic effects of oral amiodarone may take up to 10 weeks, even with loading. ƒ Amiodarone accumulates in many different tissues with a range of serious side effects e.g. hypo/hyperthy ...
PACKAGE INSERT TEMPLATE FOR LACTULOSE Brand or Product
PACKAGE INSERT TEMPLATE FOR LACTULOSE Brand or Product

... Flatulance may occur during the first few days of treatment. As a rule it disappears after a couple of days. Nausea and vomiting has been reported. When dosages higher than instructed are used, abdominal pain and diarrhea may occur. In such a case the dosage should be decreased. If high doses(normal ...
PRODUCT MONOGRAPH
PRODUCT MONOGRAPH

... systematically evaluated in patients with a seizure disorder. Serotonin Syndrome or Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)-Like Reactions As with other serotonergic agents, serotonin syndrome or Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS)-like reactions, a potentially life-threatening condition, have been re ...
highlights of prescribing information
highlights of prescribing information

... decreased number of implantations and fetuses were noted, however, in a separate study in female rats at approximately 120 times the AUC in humans at the recommended daily oral dose. Reduced body weight and slow righting reflex were reported in pups at approximately 50 times or greater than the AUC ...
Oral Lichen Planus
Oral Lichen Planus

...  Side effect- local irritation  Flare up after stopping therapy  Oral gel formulation available in India ...
Prescribing of COX-2 inhibitors in Germany after safety warnings
Prescribing of COX-2 inhibitors in Germany after safety warnings

... show some selectivity for inhibition of COX-2, and, to a lesser degree, piroxicam and naproxen were also increasingly prescribed (Kato et al. 2001; Mitchell et al. 1993; Tavares and Bennett 1993). Furthermore, prescribing of fixed combinations of diclofenac with misoprostol as gastroprotective agent ...
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and risk for gastrointestinal
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and risk for gastrointestinal

... to 1 in 1,000 patient-years of exposure to high-affinity drugs (the SSRIs), with the very old patients being at the highest risk. The increased risk may be of particular relevance when the SSRIs are associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), as well as low-dose aspirin1. Bleeding ...
Linköping University Post Print rivaroxaban on commonly used coagulation
Linköping University Post Print rivaroxaban on commonly used coagulation

... reasons, these drugs have not yet gained a wide usage and have not been able to replace the VKA drugs for many common indications. However, experiences from recent large clinical trials, both with direct Xa and thrombin inhibitors indicate that this may change in the near future. Rivaroxaban (Xarelt ...
2: Cardiovascular system - Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust
2: Cardiovascular system - Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

... - Candesartan tablets 2mg, 4mg, 8mg, 16mg, 32mg: recommended dose is 4-32 daily. See BNF. - Irbesartan tablets 75mg, 150mg, 300mg: recommended dose is 150-300mg once daily (in haemodialysis or in elderly over 75 years, initial dose of 75mg once daily may be used). See BNF. - Valsartan capsules 80mg, ...
Core SPC Clopixol® Depot 200 500 mg/ml SUMMARY OF
Core SPC Clopixol® Depot 200 500 mg/ml SUMMARY OF

... has proven to be a potent neuroleptic in all the behavioural studies for neuroleptic (dopamine receptor blocking) activity. Correlation is found in the in vivo test models, the affinity for dopamine D2 binding sites in vitro and the average, daily oral antipsychotic doses. Like most other neurolepti ...
(HMG-CoA) Reductase Inhibitors
(HMG-CoA) Reductase Inhibitors

... 40 mg lovastatin/1000 mg niacin extended-release per day 40 mg simvastatin/2000 mg niacin extended-release once daily concurrent administration with amiodarone or verapamil: 20 mg simvastatin once daily 10 mg/80 mg once daily in evening concurrent administration with cyclosporine, danazol or ...
Vioxx: Lifting the Veil on the Dark Side of the
Vioxx: Lifting the Veil on the Dark Side of the

... As was expected, a joint meeting between the Arthritis Advisory Committee and the Drug Safety and Risk Management Advisory Committee was held by the FDA on 16th-18th February 2005 to determine whether these agents should be withdrawn from the market. While unanimous agreement was reached that all th ...
Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)
Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

... Most NSAIDs inhibit the clotting of blood for only a few hours Ketorolac (Keto) is a very potent NSAID and is used for moderately severe acute pain that usually requires narcotics Ketorolac (Keto) causes ulcers more frequently than other NSAID. Therefore, it is not used for more than five days. Indi ...
Prescribing Information
Prescribing Information

... Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, the adverse reaction rates observed cannot be directly compared to rates in other clinical trials and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice. Safety data on the use of KORLYM are available from 50 patients with C ...
HypertenDiur
HypertenDiur

... • Thus, the excretion of HCO3-, Na+, and H2O are increased. • The loss of HCO3-  metabolic acidosis  the effects of the drug becomes self-limiting as the [HCO3-]blood falls. • The incr Na+ delivery to the distal nephron incr K+ secretion. • Acetazolamide used to treat glaucoma to decr intraocular ...
Drugs used in Hypertension
Drugs used in Hypertension

... • Thus, the excretion of HCO3-, Na+, and H2O are increased. • The loss of HCO3-  metabolic acidosis  the effects of the drug becomes self-limiting as the [HCO3-]blood falls. • The incr Na+ delivery to the distal nephron incr K+ secretion. • Acetazolamide used to treat glaucoma to decr intraocular ...
2: Cardiovascular system - Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust
2: Cardiovascular system - Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust

... - Candesartan tablets 2mg, 4mg, 8mg, 16mg, 32mg: recommended dose is 4-32 daily. See BNF. - Irbesartan tablets 75mg, 150mg, 300mg: recommended dose is 150-300mg once daily (in haemodialysis or in elderly over 75 years, initial dose of 75mg once daily may be used). See BNF. - Valsartan capsules 80mg, ...
Product Information: Elvitegravir
Product Information: Elvitegravir

... The efficacy of VITEKTA is primarily based on the analyses through 96 weeks from one randomized, double-blind, active-controlled study, Study 0145, in treatment experienced, HIV-1 infected patients (N=702). In Study 0145, patients were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either VITEKTA (elvitegravi ...
Sympathetic NS
Sympathetic NS

... Depression, inhibit neuronal uptake; at toxic S: dry mouth, blurred vision, decrease urination; T: severe anticholinergic effect, respiratory depression, (Amitril, Elavil) doses can block muscarinic, alpha, and histamine receptors PHT (alpha-block) (Thorazine) Schizophrenia, surgery premedication in ...
Vascular Medicine
Vascular Medicine

... for the treatment of diseases that require long-term anticoagulation. Rivaroxaban (BAY 59-7939) is an oral direct factor Xa inhibitor currently under clinical development. Methods and Results—This randomized, parallel-group phase II trial in patients with proximal deep-vein thrombosis explored the e ...
Session 4 Topics Need to Monitor Aspirin Therapy
Session 4 Topics Need to Monitor Aspirin Therapy

... Prasugrel (Effient®) • Theinophyridine like clopidogrel • Prodrug metabolized to active metabolite in the liver by cytochrome system • Inhibits platelet function by irreversibly binding P2Y12 ADP platelet receptors • Appears to be unaffected by cytochrome polymorphisms that inhibit clopidogrel ...
Creatinine Clearance When Does It Matter?
Creatinine Clearance When Does It Matter?

... ml/min. Reflective of actual renal function  Modified CG equation normalized to 70kg10 (used by RQHR and found in eCPS) does not use weight in its formula and correlates well with weight based versions of CG11 . Reflects relative renal function.  ((140-age) x 90) ÷ Scr (umol/L) x 0.85 if female re ...
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Discovery and development of direct thrombin inhibitors



Direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) are a class of anticoagulant drugs that can be used to prevent and treat embolisms and blood clots caused by various diseases. They inhibit thrombin, a serine protease which affects the coagulation cascade in many ways. DTIs have undergone rapid development since the 90's. With technological advances in genetic engineering the production of recombinant hirudin was made possible which opened the door to this new group of drugs. Before the use of DTIs the therapy and prophylaxis for anticoagulation had stayed the same for over 50 years with the use of heparin derivatives and warfarin which have some well known disadvantages. DTIs are still under development, but the research focus has shifted towards factor Xa inhibitors, or even dual thrombin and fXa inhibitors that have a broader mechanism of action by both inhibiting factor IIa (thrombin) and Xa. A recent review of patents and literature on thrombin inhibitors has demonstrated that the development of allosteric and multi-mechanism inhibitors might lead the way to a more safer anticoagulant.
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