Standard Trade Model
... Import Tariffs and International Distribution of Income • Home imposes a tariff → ↑tot and ↓tot* but impact on home’s welfare is not so clear cut. ↑tot benefits home, but ↑PM → distorts production decisions: encourages home’s producers to use scarce resources to produce a good that home does not ...
... Import Tariffs and International Distribution of Income • Home imposes a tariff → ↑tot and ↓tot* but impact on home’s welfare is not so clear cut. ↑tot benefits home, but ↑PM → distorts production decisions: encourages home’s producers to use scarce resources to produce a good that home does not ...
Doing Business in the Caribbean, Latin America, and South America
... This title by a well known Brazilian journalist and academic forecasts an economic boom for South America's largest economy. He bases his analysis not simply on macroeconomic numbers, but rather on the data from thousands of small businesses, the Brazilian top 500 corporations, and some 50,000 franc ...
... This title by a well known Brazilian journalist and academic forecasts an economic boom for South America's largest economy. He bases his analysis not simply on macroeconomic numbers, but rather on the data from thousands of small businesses, the Brazilian top 500 corporations, and some 50,000 franc ...
Total Work, Gender and Social Norms
... It is well-known that men engage in more market work—have higher participation rates and longer workweeks conditional on participation—than women. What has not been thoroughly examined, and what has been untouched by economists, is the issue of gender differences in the total amount of work—in the m ...
... It is well-known that men engage in more market work—have higher participation rates and longer workweeks conditional on participation—than women. What has not been thoroughly examined, and what has been untouched by economists, is the issue of gender differences in the total amount of work—in the m ...
A Many-Country Model of Industrialization
... We argue that both facts can be understood in a standard model of industrialization in which there are di¤erences in the income elasticity of demand across sectors and in which comparative advantage forces are present and active. The key di¤erence of our approach in comparison with existing closed-e ...
... We argue that both facts can be understood in a standard model of industrialization in which there are di¤erences in the income elasticity of demand across sectors and in which comparative advantage forces are present and active. The key di¤erence of our approach in comparison with existing closed-e ...
The Impact of Mode 4 liberalization on bilateral trade flows
... Empirical research on the links between migration and trade provides substantial evidence of a link between immigration and both import and export volumes. Estimates of the impact of a 10 per cent increase in migrant population on merchandise exports range from 0.1 per cent to 2.5 per cent, while t ...
... Empirical research on the links between migration and trade provides substantial evidence of a link between immigration and both import and export volumes. Estimates of the impact of a 10 per cent increase in migrant population on merchandise exports range from 0.1 per cent to 2.5 per cent, while t ...
Trade and Development: Is South-South Co
... Considering these effects, it is easy to understand that countries which at the moment have their comparative advantages in the production of primary commodities and low-skill intensive industries are sceptical to the long-term consequences of free trade. They fear being locked into a production str ...
... Considering these effects, it is easy to understand that countries which at the moment have their comparative advantages in the production of primary commodities and low-skill intensive industries are sceptical to the long-term consequences of free trade. They fear being locked into a production str ...
Constraints to achieving full employment in Asia
... work arrangements. The most important part of it is, of course, self-employed petty traders and businesses, but it also includes such large groups as casual day labour and wage workers in small enterprises (typically not subject to legal registration). The dichotomy runs parallel to the Latin Americ ...
... work arrangements. The most important part of it is, of course, self-employed petty traders and businesses, but it also includes such large groups as casual day labour and wage workers in small enterprises (typically not subject to legal registration). The dichotomy runs parallel to the Latin Americ ...
lower interest rates
... exchange rates and monetary economics per se, because these disciplines derive first and foremost from the bedrock of rational thinking or simply commonsense in plain language. But, let us first examine why over 99% of Nigerians maintain that the naira has been stable lately. The records show that t ...
... exchange rates and monetary economics per se, because these disciplines derive first and foremost from the bedrock of rational thinking or simply commonsense in plain language. But, let us first examine why over 99% of Nigerians maintain that the naira has been stable lately. The records show that t ...
GE05-Riezmann-06DEC 225733 en
... prices as trade and other barriers removed or modified, little change in domestic prices need occur. In effect, small economies will now integrate into larger economies and globalization distances for large economies may be small even if their own barriers are large. Hence globalization metrics constr ...
... prices as trade and other barriers removed or modified, little change in domestic prices need occur. In effect, small economies will now integrate into larger economies and globalization distances for large economies may be small even if their own barriers are large. Hence globalization metrics constr ...
Competitive Advantage of Nations
... by at least 0.5%. For every 10% increase in the importance of international trade in an economy, average income levels will rise by at least 5%. ...
... by at least 0.5%. For every 10% increase in the importance of international trade in an economy, average income levels will rise by at least 5%. ...
The Slow Road Back for the U.S. Livestock Industry
... Livestock producers are currently struggling to post profits amid weak demand and historically high production costs. A recovery in the livestock industry will center on a rebound in the demand for livestock. But the livestock rebound may not be led by U.S. consumers, especially if the recovery prod ...
... Livestock producers are currently struggling to post profits amid weak demand and historically high production costs. A recovery in the livestock industry will center on a rebound in the demand for livestock. But the livestock rebound may not be led by U.S. consumers, especially if the recovery prod ...
λ t
... “[…] there are reasons other than the testing of economic growth theories for the empirical study of economic convergence. We, as economists, are interested in knowing whether the distribution of income changes over time” (Sala-i-Martin, ...
... “[…] there are reasons other than the testing of economic growth theories for the empirical study of economic convergence. We, as economists, are interested in knowing whether the distribution of income changes over time” (Sala-i-Martin, ...
Nonhomotheticity and Bilateral Trade: Evidence and a Quantitative
... and produce these goods more intensively. And the variability in their production technologies generates large price dispersions, which give rich countries large incentives to trade. Poor countries, in contrast, produce and consume relatively more goods whose technologies are similar across countrie ...
... and produce these goods more intensively. And the variability in their production technologies generates large price dispersions, which give rich countries large incentives to trade. Poor countries, in contrast, produce and consume relatively more goods whose technologies are similar across countrie ...
Fiscal Policy and the Substitution between National and Foreign
... that the distribution of aggregate savings between its national and foreign parts depends on the level of the real exchange rate (domestic investment causes savings; but, savings should not be necessarily restricted to the domestic part of an open economy). 2- show that the government budget deficit ...
... that the distribution of aggregate savings between its national and foreign parts depends on the level of the real exchange rate (domestic investment causes savings; but, savings should not be necessarily restricted to the domestic part of an open economy). 2- show that the government budget deficit ...
Are shocks to the terms of trade shocks to
... the shock and the associated output drop, compute the cost of the different shocks. They find that the costliest shocks, particularly for developing countries, are terms of trade shocks. The idea underlying many of these conclusions is succinctly summarized by Easterly et al. (2001), who write, “For ...
... the shock and the associated output drop, compute the cost of the different shocks. They find that the costliest shocks, particularly for developing countries, are terms of trade shocks. The idea underlying many of these conclusions is succinctly summarized by Easterly et al. (2001), who write, “For ...
PDF
... dispersion (lower variance, higher mean). Area ALM represents a set of (possible) tariff reforms which are welfare-improving according to the TRI (A< 1), but which the coefficient of variation would measure as welfare-inferior (lower mean, higher variance). The bottom line, then, is that purely stat ...
... dispersion (lower variance, higher mean). Area ALM represents a set of (possible) tariff reforms which are welfare-improving according to the TRI (A< 1), but which the coefficient of variation would measure as welfare-inferior (lower mean, higher variance). The bottom line, then, is that purely stat ...
Maladjusted African Economies and Globalisation Thandika Mkandawire Director,
... through which the benefits of globalisation are supposed to be transmitted to developing countries—trade and investment. The paper is divided into three sections. The first section deals with what globalisation and the accompanying adjustment policies promised, what has been delivered and what has h ...
... through which the benefits of globalisation are supposed to be transmitted to developing countries—trade and investment. The paper is divided into three sections. The first section deals with what globalisation and the accompanying adjustment policies promised, what has been delivered and what has h ...
Economic Geography and Industrialization Holger Breinlich Alejandro Cuñat November 2011
... Kongsamut et al. (2001)), sector-biased productivity growth (e.g., Ngai and Pissarides (2007)), or a combination of both (e.g., Caselli and Coleman (2001); Duarte and Restuccia (2010)). Traditionally, these approaches have analyzed closed-economy models. More recently, several authors have provided ...
... Kongsamut et al. (2001)), sector-biased productivity growth (e.g., Ngai and Pissarides (2007)), or a combination of both (e.g., Caselli and Coleman (2001); Duarte and Restuccia (2010)). Traditionally, these approaches have analyzed closed-economy models. More recently, several authors have provided ...
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from... Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2010,
... that it is not obvious that the frequency of power turnover is key because he thought it would be easy to develop models in which the turnover effect could go either way. He argued that the relevant political frictions have to do with the constraints that are imposed on governments. The different ri ...
... that it is not obvious that the frequency of power turnover is key because he thought it would be easy to develop models in which the turnover effect could go either way. He argued that the relevant political frictions have to do with the constraints that are imposed on governments. The different ri ...
Agricultural Negotiations at the WTO: First, Do No Harm
... and rural areas. Forcing poor farmers to compete with global agriculture will not hasten an increase in their productivity if they do not have sufficient land, access to credit, high-yield seed, water, technical assistance, and other necessary inputs. Absent such inputs, reductions in agricultural t ...
... and rural areas. Forcing poor farmers to compete with global agriculture will not hasten an increase in their productivity if they do not have sufficient land, access to credit, high-yield seed, water, technical assistance, and other necessary inputs. Absent such inputs, reductions in agricultural t ...
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... activity, particularly personal consumption expenditures (see Ariyoshi et. al (2000), Reinhart and Smith (1998)). Temporariness was manifested also in the tightness of the controls being varied in synch with cyclical developments—when inflows slowed the restrictions were eased or lifted. 3 4 Also n ...
... activity, particularly personal consumption expenditures (see Ariyoshi et. al (2000), Reinhart and Smith (1998)). Temporariness was manifested also in the tightness of the controls being varied in synch with cyclical developments—when inflows slowed the restrictions were eased or lifted. 3 4 Also n ...
2 The Basis for the Gravity Model: From Intuition to Theory
... nominal or real terms. For the standard cross-sectional gravity model, of course, nothing turns on this issue: data for a single year will give equivalent results regardless of any uniform scaling factor applied. In a time series context, however, this question can be important. The answer given by ...
... nominal or real terms. For the standard cross-sectional gravity model, of course, nothing turns on this issue: data for a single year will give equivalent results regardless of any uniform scaling factor applied. In a time series context, however, this question can be important. The answer given by ...
4. Potential dynamic effects in Croatia
... Empirically expressed within the relations of 1 and 2, the elasticity of import demand is reflected in the positive correlation between the degree of GDP realised and its share in the foreign trade of the country observed. The elasticity created in this way will increase with regard to consumer goo ...
... Empirically expressed within the relations of 1 and 2, the elasticity of import demand is reflected in the positive correlation between the degree of GDP realised and its share in the foreign trade of the country observed. The elasticity created in this way will increase with regard to consumer goo ...
Does China`s Trade Expansion Help African Development? - Hal-SHS
... Then on the basis of Comtrade data, an econometric measurement of the impacts of imports from China on SSA countries’ manufactured exports will be performed. It is worth mentioning that SSA countries’ manufactured exports here are just considered as proxies of their production performances. In other ...
... Then on the basis of Comtrade data, an econometric measurement of the impacts of imports from China on SSA countries’ manufactured exports will be performed. It is worth mentioning that SSA countries’ manufactured exports here are just considered as proxies of their production performances. In other ...
International factor movements
In international economics, international factor movements are movements of labor, capital, and other factors of production between countries. International factor movements occur in three ways: immigration/emigration, capital transfers through international borrowing and lending, and foreign direct investment. International factor movements also raise political and social issues not present in trade in goods and services. Nations frequently restrict immigration, capital flows, and foreign direct investment.