CARDIOVERSION - SYNCHRONIZED
... appropriate as airway support is sometimes enhanced by dentures. Metal backing material of medication patches may be dangerous with electric current. 10. Reducing the amount of electrical equipment used may reduce the change of microshocks or current leaks. Electrical current follows the path of lea ...
... appropriate as airway support is sometimes enhanced by dentures. Metal backing material of medication patches may be dangerous with electric current. 10. Reducing the amount of electrical equipment used may reduce the change of microshocks or current leaks. Electrical current follows the path of lea ...
Anatomy of the Respiratory System
... pressure area to a lower pressure area • Boyle’s law – as the volume of a gas increases, the pressure of the gas decreases © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. ...
... pressure area to a lower pressure area • Boyle’s law – as the volume of a gas increases, the pressure of the gas decreases © Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. ...
Physiotherapy for airway clearance in adults SERIES "CHEST PHYSIOTHERAPY"
... sputum while reducing the length of time taken for treatment [50, 55]. It has also been shown to be equally effective both with and without an assistant [27]. In patients with asthma, cystic fibrosis and chronic airflow limitation, there is no evidence of any increase in airflow obstruction [27, 56] ...
... sputum while reducing the length of time taken for treatment [50, 55]. It has also been shown to be equally effective both with and without an assistant [27]. In patients with asthma, cystic fibrosis and chronic airflow limitation, there is no evidence of any increase in airflow obstruction [27, 56] ...
title: pediatric tracheotomy
... divided with scissors in the midline and slightly undermined. The trachea is again palpated to insure its location. Retractors can be used to gently retract the strap muscles laterally. The thyroid gland can be retracted if necessary. Rarely does the thyroid isthmus need to be divided in a child. If ...
... divided with scissors in the midline and slightly undermined. The trachea is again palpated to insure its location. Retractors can be used to gently retract the strap muscles laterally. The thyroid gland can be retracted if necessary. Rarely does the thyroid isthmus need to be divided in a child. If ...
Mechanical Ventilation I
... L.W. is a 62-yr-old, 52-kg female with severe emphysema. For 2 days she has had progressive dyspnea and was found unresponsive. Required intubation and initiation of mechanical ventilation. ...
... L.W. is a 62-yr-old, 52-kg female with severe emphysema. For 2 days she has had progressive dyspnea and was found unresponsive. Required intubation and initiation of mechanical ventilation. ...
37 Wheezing and Asthma
... dren with nonasthmatic disorders . Acute wheezing in small children suggests bronchiolitis, particularly if the child was well prior to an upper respiratory tract infection (frequently respiratory syncytial virus) and has relatively irreversible airway obstruction without evidence of atopy . Many ch ...
... dren with nonasthmatic disorders . Acute wheezing in small children suggests bronchiolitis, particularly if the child was well prior to an upper respiratory tract infection (frequently respiratory syncytial virus) and has relatively irreversible airway obstruction without evidence of atopy . Many ch ...
The Physiologic Basis of Spirometry
... detection of air flow abnormalities. The simplicity of spirometry hides the subtleties of the physiologic mechanisms at work, especially the processes that result in air flow limitation. These phenomena are responsible for the remarkable consistency of spirometry when it is properly done. This consi ...
... detection of air flow abnormalities. The simplicity of spirometry hides the subtleties of the physiologic mechanisms at work, especially the processes that result in air flow limitation. These phenomena are responsible for the remarkable consistency of spirometry when it is properly done. This consi ...
- City Research Online
... attempt to improve capacity to respond to a chemical incident.2 8 At that time, there were increasing concerns regarding potential CBRN terrorism9, which was heightened further by the 2005 announcement that the 2012 Olympic Games would be held in London.10-14 At the present time, risk of a CBRN inci ...
... attempt to improve capacity to respond to a chemical incident.2 8 At that time, there were increasing concerns regarding potential CBRN terrorism9, which was heightened further by the 2005 announcement that the 2012 Olympic Games would be held in London.10-14 At the present time, risk of a CBRN inci ...
Tracheostomy Tubes
... From in vivo and in vitro dimensions, Mallick et al3 reported that standard length tracheostomy tubes are too short for the typical critically ill patient. They recommend that both the stomal and intratracheal lengths be made longer by ⬃1 cm and that tubes should be redesigned to an angle of 110 –12 ...
... From in vivo and in vitro dimensions, Mallick et al3 reported that standard length tracheostomy tubes are too short for the typical critically ill patient. They recommend that both the stomal and intratracheal lengths be made longer by ⬃1 cm and that tubes should be redesigned to an angle of 110 –12 ...
... patient at significant risk of developing nosocomial infections, mainly sinusitis and ventilator-associated pneumonia. Sinusitis due to nasotracheal intubation occurs from occlusion of the sinus ostia and is increasingly recognized as a cause of unexplained fever and sepsis in ventilated patients [8 ...
Accuracy and sensitivity of the interrupter technique for measuring
... between mouth and alveolar pressure in the presence of airway disease L6, 15, 16]. Its validity in airflow obstruction is controversial [17], because mechanical non-homogeneity of the lungs increases with aiJway disease. Theoretical studies have suggested that Raw may be estimated to a useful degree ...
... between mouth and alveolar pressure in the presence of airway disease L6, 15, 16]. Its validity in airflow obstruction is controversial [17], because mechanical non-homogeneity of the lungs increases with aiJway disease. Theoretical studies have suggested that Raw may be estimated to a useful degree ...
Chapter 16
... 6. Emergency medical care for emphysema and bronchitis a. Ensure an open airway and adequate breathing. b. Assume a position of comfort. c. Administer supplemental oxygen and possibly a prescribed metereddose inhaler or small-volume nebulizer. i. If patient is high priority, respiratory distress is ...
... 6. Emergency medical care for emphysema and bronchitis a. Ensure an open airway and adequate breathing. b. Assume a position of comfort. c. Administer supplemental oxygen and possibly a prescribed metereddose inhaler or small-volume nebulizer. i. If patient is high priority, respiratory distress is ...
Airway exchange of highly soluble gases
... of soluble inert gases. The models are based on physicochemical principles of gases and show the feasibility of airway exchange of highly soluble gases. Figure 1 illustrates a model for gas exchange in the airways and alveoli. The pulmonary circulation brings systemic venous blood in close proximity ...
... of soluble inert gases. The models are based on physicochemical principles of gases and show the feasibility of airway exchange of highly soluble gases. Figure 1 illustrates a model for gas exchange in the airways and alveoli. The pulmonary circulation brings systemic venous blood in close proximity ...
scoring center: polysomnographic features of sleep disordered
... hypopnea definitions: one based on a 30-percent airflow signal amplitude drop accompanied by at least 4-percent desaturation; the other based on a 50-percent airflow signal amplitude drop accompanied by either a 3-percent desaturation or an arousal.4 From a practical perspective, the second definition i ...
... hypopnea definitions: one based on a 30-percent airflow signal amplitude drop accompanied by at least 4-percent desaturation; the other based on a 50-percent airflow signal amplitude drop accompanied by either a 3-percent desaturation or an arousal.4 From a practical perspective, the second definition i ...
C-‐A-‐B of CPR for Adults, Children, and Infants
... • During bag-‐mask ventilation, giving a breath just until you see the chest rise is recommended to minimize the risk of air entering the victim’s stomach (gastric inflation). • The compression-‐ ventilation ...
... • During bag-‐mask ventilation, giving a breath just until you see the chest rise is recommended to minimize the risk of air entering the victim’s stomach (gastric inflation). • The compression-‐ ventilation ...
Time to death, airway wall inflammation and remodelling in fatal asthma
... of neutrophils to eosinophils than long course cases, who tended to have more mucus in the lumen. In conclusion, this study confirms the dichotomy of both time to death and the eosinophil/ neutrophil ratio in cases of fatal asthma. It suggests that in short course cases acute airway narrowing is due ...
... of neutrophils to eosinophils than long course cases, who tended to have more mucus in the lumen. In conclusion, this study confirms the dichotomy of both time to death and the eosinophil/ neutrophil ratio in cases of fatal asthma. It suggests that in short course cases acute airway narrowing is due ...
New advances in the use of noninvasive ventilation for acute
... frequent complications of NIV related to the interface and may require discontinuation of noninvasive MV and ETI. Full face mask usually offers a better improvement of alveolar ventilation, while the nasal mask is better tolerated. Many factors however limit the use of nasal mask in the setting of h ...
... frequent complications of NIV related to the interface and may require discontinuation of noninvasive MV and ETI. Full face mask usually offers a better improvement of alveolar ventilation, while the nasal mask is better tolerated. Many factors however limit the use of nasal mask in the setting of h ...
respiratory acidosis - Life in the Fast Lane
... membrane and enters the circulation (so plasma [HCO3] increases.) (ii) increased Na+ reabsorption in exchange for H+ and less in exchange for Cl- (so plasma [Cl-] falls) (iii) increased 'NH3' production to 'buffer' the H+ in the tubular lumen (so urinary excretion of NH4Cl increases) - The pCO2 rapi ...
... membrane and enters the circulation (so plasma [HCO3] increases.) (ii) increased Na+ reabsorption in exchange for H+ and less in exchange for Cl- (so plasma [Cl-] falls) (iii) increased 'NH3' production to 'buffer' the H+ in the tubular lumen (so urinary excretion of NH4Cl increases) - The pCO2 rapi ...
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Paramedic Learner
... for intubation and therefore the multitude of complications associated with ETI2. The ability to assess a patient accurately and quickly to determine the need for CPAP is a key point to ensuring positive patient outcomes. Those patients presenting with signs and symptoms consistent with an exacerbat ...
... for intubation and therefore the multitude of complications associated with ETI2. The ability to assess a patient accurately and quickly to determine the need for CPAP is a key point to ensuring positive patient outcomes. Those patients presenting with signs and symptoms consistent with an exacerbat ...
An Infant Ventilator Technique for Resistive Unloading
... load on spontaneous breathing efforts. It is possible to compensate for this positive resistance by a device generating a "negative ventilator resistance" (NVR), i.e. delivering a positive pressure during inspiration and a negative pressure during expiration in constant proportion to the instantaneo ...
... load on spontaneous breathing efforts. It is possible to compensate for this positive resistance by a device generating a "negative ventilator resistance" (NVR), i.e. delivering a positive pressure during inspiration and a negative pressure during expiration in constant proportion to the instantaneo ...
Are patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome appropriate
... must be planned and executed carefully by the anesthesia provider. Hiremath et al27 studied the relationship between difficult intubation and OSAS and found that OSAS and difficult intubation were related significantly. In obese patients with OSAS, this is due to physical characteristics such as a s ...
... must be planned and executed carefully by the anesthesia provider. Hiremath et al27 studied the relationship between difficult intubation and OSAS and found that OSAS and difficult intubation were related significantly. In obese patients with OSAS, this is due to physical characteristics such as a s ...
“PALS” for Dummies
... • Don’t pop their lungs. • Bag more slowly than your adreneline tells you to! ...
... • Don’t pop their lungs. • Bag more slowly than your adreneline tells you to! ...
Acute respiratory distress syndrome and acute lung injury
... • In the early stages of ARDS, the hypoxia may be corrected by 40 to 60% inspired oxygen with CPAP. ...
... • In the early stages of ARDS, the hypoxia may be corrected by 40 to 60% inspired oxygen with CPAP. ...
Spirometry: All you Need to Know - The Association of Physicians of
... by forced and sustained inspiration. Three efforts, which have less than 5% variability between each other, are selected and the best effort is used for interpretation. Routinely, only expiratory flow may be recorded before and after administration of bronchodilators i.e. two puffs of salbutamol (10 ...
... by forced and sustained inspiration. Three efforts, which have less than 5% variability between each other, are selected and the best effort is used for interpretation. Routinely, only expiratory flow may be recorded before and after administration of bronchodilators i.e. two puffs of salbutamol (10 ...
Why I don`t want to anaesthetise your patient…
... • Face Mask not fit the face • 2 hand bag mask ventilate • Using positive pressure to push O2 into the patients lungs via pharynx • Obese airway prone to collapse after induction agents given. Esp. if OSA • Ventilation may then become more difficult • Muscle relaxants may/may not help ...
... • Face Mask not fit the face • 2 hand bag mask ventilate • Using positive pressure to push O2 into the patients lungs via pharynx • Obese airway prone to collapse after induction agents given. Esp. if OSA • Ventilation may then become more difficult • Muscle relaxants may/may not help ...
Tracheal intubation
Tracheal intubation, usually simply referred to as intubation, is the placement of a flexible plastic tube into the trachea (windpipe) to maintain an open airway or to serve as a conduit through which to administer certain drugs. It is frequently performed in critically injured, ill or anesthetized patients to facilitate ventilation of the lungs, including mechanical ventilation, and to prevent the possibility of asphyxiation or airway obstruction.The most widely used route is orotracheal, in which an endotracheal tube is passed through the mouth and vocal apparatus into the trachea. In a nasotracheal procedure, an endotracheal tube is passed through the nose and vocal apparatus into the trachea. Other methods of intubation involve surgery and include the cricothyrotomy (used almost exclusively in emergency circumstances) and the tracheotomy, used primarily in situations where a prolonged need for airway support is anticipated.Because it is an invasive and extremely uncomfortable medical procedure, intubation is usually performed after administration of general anesthesia and a neuromuscular-blocking drug. It can however be performed in the awake patient with local or topical anesthesia, or in an emergency without any anesthesia at all. Intubation is normally facilitated by using a conventional laryngoscope, flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope or video laryngoscope to identify the vocal cords and pass the tube between them into the trachea instead of into the esophagus. Other devices and techniques may be used alternatively.After the trachea has been intubated, a balloon cuff is typically inflated just above the far end of the tube to help secure it in place, to prevent leakage of respiratory gases, and to protect the tracheobronchial tree from receiving undesirable material such as stomach acid. The tube is then secured to the face or neck and connected to a T-piece, anesthesia breathing circuit, bag valve mask device, or a mechanical ventilator.Once there is no longer a need for ventilatory assistance and/or protection of the airway, the tracheal tube is removed; this is referred to as extubation of the trachea (or decannulation, in the case of a surgical airway such as a cricothyrotomy or a tracheotomy).For centuries, tracheotomy was considered the only reliable method for intubation of the trachea. However, because only a minority of patients survived the operation, physicians undertook tracheotomy only as a last resort, on patients who were nearly dead. It was not until the late 19th century however that advances in understanding of anatomy and physiology, as well an appreciation of the germ theory of disease, had improved the outcome of this operation to the point that it could be considered an acceptable treatment option.Also at that time, advances in endoscopic instrumentation had improved to such a degree that direct laryngoscopy had become a viable means to secure the airway by the non-surgical orotracheal route. By the mid-20th century, the tracheotomy as well as endoscopy and non-surgical tracheal intubation had evolved from rarely employed procedures to becoming essential components of the practices of anesthesiology, critical care medicine, emergency medicine, laryngology.Tracheal intubation can be associated with minor complications such as broken teeth or lacerations of the tissues of the upper airway. It can also be associated with potentially fatal complications such as pulmonary aspiration of stomach contents which can result in a severe and sometimes fatal chemical aspiration pneumonitis, or unrecognized intubation of the esophagus which can lead to potentially fatal anoxia. Because of this, the potential for difficulty or complications due to the presence of unusual airway anatomy or other uncontrolled variables is carefully evaluated before undertaking tracheal intubation. Alternative strategies for securing the airway must always be readily available.