Neuroanatomy Part 1
... The nerve cell bodies for this division are found within the brain stem or the sacrum. Their axons leave as either cranial nerves or as the anterior root of the spinal cord as a spinal nerve. They innervate most of the same areas as the sympathetic division. Impulses from this division decrease the ...
... The nerve cell bodies for this division are found within the brain stem or the sacrum. Their axons leave as either cranial nerves or as the anterior root of the spinal cord as a spinal nerve. They innervate most of the same areas as the sympathetic division. Impulses from this division decrease the ...
Lecture 14: The Spinal Cord
... 2. Sensory information is delivered to the CNS via AFFERENT pathways. A. Stretch receptors in the quadriceps muscle group are activated by the WHACK B. The receptors cause SS neurons to FIRE a message that travels toward the CNS C. The axons of SS neurons travel TOGETHER, in a NERVE. D. The cel ...
... 2. Sensory information is delivered to the CNS via AFFERENT pathways. A. Stretch receptors in the quadriceps muscle group are activated by the WHACK B. The receptors cause SS neurons to FIRE a message that travels toward the CNS C. The axons of SS neurons travel TOGETHER, in a NERVE. D. The cel ...
I. Introduction
... touch and pressure. j. Spinocerebellar tracts are located in lateral funiculi. k. Impulses on the spinocerebellar tracts originate in the muscles of the lower limbs and trunk and travel to the cerebellum. l. Three major descending tracts of the spinal cord are corticospinal tracts, reticulospinal tr ...
... touch and pressure. j. Spinocerebellar tracts are located in lateral funiculi. k. Impulses on the spinocerebellar tracts originate in the muscles of the lower limbs and trunk and travel to the cerebellum. l. Three major descending tracts of the spinal cord are corticospinal tracts, reticulospinal tr ...
THE SPINAL CORD - Straight A Nursing
... located especially in epithelium and CT. Some are associated with specific structures. MERKEL DISCS detect light touch and are associated with Merkel cells. HAIR FOLLICLE RECEPTORS detect light touch through fine hair movement. ENCAPSULATED NERVE ENDINGS are where dendrites are surrounded by a CT ca ...
... located especially in epithelium and CT. Some are associated with specific structures. MERKEL DISCS detect light touch and are associated with Merkel cells. HAIR FOLLICLE RECEPTORS detect light touch through fine hair movement. ENCAPSULATED NERVE ENDINGS are where dendrites are surrounded by a CT ca ...
No. 27
... As a consequence of the crossing of the axons in the chiasma, the left optic tract consists of fibers (ganglion cell axons) from the lateral (temporal) half of the retina of the left eye and the medial (nasal) half of the retina of the right eye. Both of these fibers groups carry visual information ...
... As a consequence of the crossing of the axons in the chiasma, the left optic tract consists of fibers (ganglion cell axons) from the lateral (temporal) half of the retina of the left eye and the medial (nasal) half of the retina of the right eye. Both of these fibers groups carry visual information ...
Injuries to the Head and Spine
... – symptoms: dizziness, pain, itching, discharge – immediate treatment: send to physician – prevention: use ear drops of 3% boric acid and alcohol solution and keep ears dry ...
... – symptoms: dizziness, pain, itching, discharge – immediate treatment: send to physician – prevention: use ear drops of 3% boric acid and alcohol solution and keep ears dry ...
E1 Stimulus and Response
... Injury stimulates pain receptors (nociceptors), causing Ca2+ ions to rush in. This depolarises the sensory neuron and starts an action potential. ...
... Injury stimulates pain receptors (nociceptors), causing Ca2+ ions to rush in. This depolarises the sensory neuron and starts an action potential. ...
reflex
... Injury stimulates pain receptors (nociceptors), causing Ca2+ ions to rush in. This depolarises the sensory neuron and starts an action potential. ...
... Injury stimulates pain receptors (nociceptors), causing Ca2+ ions to rush in. This depolarises the sensory neuron and starts an action potential. ...
spinal nerve
... • Each resulting branch of a plexus contains fibers from several spinal nerves • Each muscle receives a nerve supply from more than one spinal nerve • Damage to one spinal segment cannot completely ...
... • Each resulting branch of a plexus contains fibers from several spinal nerves • Each muscle receives a nerve supply from more than one spinal nerve • Damage to one spinal segment cannot completely ...
CNS Neurotransmitter Pathways
... The nucleus accumbens of the basal forebrain is the principal target of the mesolimbic tract (“reward system”) and has been called the “center for addiction.” It contains receptors for a large number of chemical substances of ...
... The nucleus accumbens of the basal forebrain is the principal target of the mesolimbic tract (“reward system”) and has been called the “center for addiction.” It contains receptors for a large number of chemical substances of ...
spinal cord anatomy and function
... If the soma of a damaged nerve remains intact, damage can be repaired Regeneration involves coordinated activity among: Macrophages – remove debris Schwann cells – form regeneration tube and ...
... If the soma of a damaged nerve remains intact, damage can be repaired Regeneration involves coordinated activity among: Macrophages – remove debris Schwann cells – form regeneration tube and ...
Sensory Pathways Review - Dr. Leichnetz
... The second practical will consist entirely of questions on sensory systems and cranial nerves on myelin-stained sections from the Haines’ Neuroanatomy Atlas. We have color images of the exact sections in Haines to use for the PPT exam. On this second practical, the sections are in order from spinal ...
... The second practical will consist entirely of questions on sensory systems and cranial nerves on myelin-stained sections from the Haines’ Neuroanatomy Atlas. We have color images of the exact sections in Haines to use for the PPT exam. On this second practical, the sections are in order from spinal ...
Chapter 13
... I. An Introduction to the Organization of the Brain [Independent review of material - text pages 463-482 (you may skip the sections on embryology, p. 464; blood supply to the brain, pp. 471,472; and the limbic system, p. 482), figs 14.1-14.5, 14.7, 14.9, 14.10-14.12 - see chapter questions available ...
... I. An Introduction to the Organization of the Brain [Independent review of material - text pages 463-482 (you may skip the sections on embryology, p. 464; blood supply to the brain, pp. 471,472; and the limbic system, p. 482), figs 14.1-14.5, 14.7, 14.9, 14.10-14.12 - see chapter questions available ...
Organization and Function of the Nervous System
... dendrite to provide support and aid in the conduction of nerve impulses, increases the speed of conduction. myelin is a lipoproteinaceous material composed of regularly alternating membranes of lipid lamellae and protein myelin gives the white matter of the brain and SC and peripheral nerves their w ...
... dendrite to provide support and aid in the conduction of nerve impulses, increases the speed of conduction. myelin is a lipoproteinaceous material composed of regularly alternating membranes of lipid lamellae and protein myelin gives the white matter of the brain and SC and peripheral nerves their w ...
Autonomic nervous system
... muscles fibers of all the visceral organs such as blood vessels, heart, lungs, glands, GIT etc ...
... muscles fibers of all the visceral organs such as blood vessels, heart, lungs, glands, GIT etc ...
Test #2
... must answer all questions on this exam. Because statistics demonstrate that, on average, between 2-5 questions on every 100-point exam are ambiguous enough to come out “aberrant” on an item analysis, the total number of points possible on this exam is 106. However, grades will be calculated out of a ...
... must answer all questions on this exam. Because statistics demonstrate that, on average, between 2-5 questions on every 100-point exam are ambiguous enough to come out “aberrant” on an item analysis, the total number of points possible on this exam is 106. However, grades will be calculated out of a ...
Chapter 8 from Textbook
... muscles. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) provides involuntary (subconscious) control of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands. ...
... muscles. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) provides involuntary (subconscious) control of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands. ...
CHAPTER 11: NERVOUS SYSTEM II: DIVISIONS OF THE
... cranial cavity and is composed of one hundred billion multipolar neurons. The brain oversees the function of the entire body and also provides characteristics like personality. The brain is composed of 4 major portions, including the cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, and brain stem. ...
... cranial cavity and is composed of one hundred billion multipolar neurons. The brain oversees the function of the entire body and also provides characteristics like personality. The brain is composed of 4 major portions, including the cerebrum, cerebellum, diencephalon, and brain stem. ...
REVIEW GROSS ANATOMY OF VERTEBRAE, SPINAL CORD AND
... of spinal nerve 2) Poliomyelitis - viral infections affecting motor neurons LOWER MOTOR NEURON ...
... of spinal nerve 2) Poliomyelitis - viral infections affecting motor neurons LOWER MOTOR NEURON ...
cranial nerves - The Silver Sword
... • Enters orbit through superior orbital fissure (SOF) • Contains somatic efferent & visceral efferent fibers. Nuclei & distribution • Somatic efferent- oculomotor nucleus-extraocular muscles & levator palpebrae superioris • Visceral efferent: Edinger-Westphal nucleus; ciliary ganglion- pupillary sph ...
... • Enters orbit through superior orbital fissure (SOF) • Contains somatic efferent & visceral efferent fibers. Nuclei & distribution • Somatic efferent- oculomotor nucleus-extraocular muscles & levator palpebrae superioris • Visceral efferent: Edinger-Westphal nucleus; ciliary ganglion- pupillary sph ...
The Circulatory System
... The peripheral nervous system: the spinal nerves, their formation, topography, composition of nerve fibres and the rami. The posterior rami - composition of nerve fibres, topography, region of innervation. The anterior rami – composition of nerve fibres, topography, the principle of the formation of ...
... The peripheral nervous system: the spinal nerves, their formation, topography, composition of nerve fibres and the rami. The posterior rami - composition of nerve fibres, topography, region of innervation. The anterior rami – composition of nerve fibres, topography, the principle of the formation of ...
Bob Caruthers, CST, PLD - Association of Surgical Technologists
... stomach, liver, gall bladder, spleen, pancreas and small intesvisceral afferent fibers. A lateral portion is found along the lateral edge of the solitary fasciculus. Cells from the medial portion extend rostrally and join the corresponding cell col- ...
... stomach, liver, gall bladder, spleen, pancreas and small intesvisceral afferent fibers. A lateral portion is found along the lateral edge of the solitary fasciculus. Cells from the medial portion extend rostrally and join the corresponding cell col- ...
Embryology09-NervousSystem
... Migratory neuroblasts from Rh1 establish external granular layer which then migrate deep to the Purkinje cells to establish the inner granular layer; this process continues until the 2nd post-natal year Maturation of granule cells dependent on Shh from Purkinje cells; migration is dependent on radia ...
... Migratory neuroblasts from Rh1 establish external granular layer which then migrate deep to the Purkinje cells to establish the inner granular layer; this process continues until the 2nd post-natal year Maturation of granule cells dependent on Shh from Purkinje cells; migration is dependent on radia ...
Somatosensory Systems: Proprioception - Dr. Jacobs
... enter the spinal cord in the medial division of the dorsal root. At levels below mid-thoracic (T7 and below) the fibers enter the posterior funiculus and form the fasciculus gracilis, thus this conveys information about the lower body. In the upper thoracic and cervical segments (T6 and above) they ...
... enter the spinal cord in the medial division of the dorsal root. At levels below mid-thoracic (T7 and below) the fibers enter the posterior funiculus and form the fasciculus gracilis, thus this conveys information about the lower body. In the upper thoracic and cervical segments (T6 and above) they ...
APSpring14_142E1Aans..
... The image was colored and was seen by the right eye The image was colored and focused on the left retina The nasal part of the image activated layer 4 & 6 of the LGN parvo-cellular layer Axons carrying information about this object projected through the right optic tract to the LGN A&C ...
... The image was colored and was seen by the right eye The image was colored and focused on the left retina The nasal part of the image activated layer 4 & 6 of the LGN parvo-cellular layer Axons carrying information about this object projected through the right optic tract to the LGN A&C ...
Nervous system
The nervous system is the part of an animal's body that coordinates its voluntary and involuntary actions and transmits signals to and from different parts of its body. Nervous tissue first arose in wormlike organisms about 550 to 600 million years ago. In vertebrate species it consists of two main parts, the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). The CNS contains the brain and spinal cord. The PNS consists mainly of nerves, which are enclosed bundles of the long fibers or axons, that connect the CNS to every other part of the body. Nerves that transmit signals from the brain are called motor or efferent nerves, while those nerves that transmit information from the body to the CNS are called sensory or afferent. Most nerves serve both functions and are called mixed nerves. The PNS is divided into a) somatic and b) autonomic nervous system, and c) the enteric nervous system. Somatic nerves mediate voluntary movement. The autonomic nervous system is further subdivided into the sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous systems. The sympathetic nervous system is activated in cases of emergencies to mobilize energy, while the parasympathetic nervous system is activated when organisms are in a relaxed state. The enteric nervous system functions to control the gastrointestinal system. Both autonomic and enteric nervous systems function involuntarily. Nerves that exit from the cranium are called cranial nerves while those exiting from the spinal cord are called spinal nerves.At the cellular level, the nervous system is defined by the presence of a special type of cell, called the neuron, also known as a ""nerve cell"". Neurons have special structures that allow them to send signals rapidly and precisely to other cells. They send these signals in the form of electrochemical waves traveling along thin fibers called axons, which cause chemicals called neurotransmitters to be released at junctions called synapses. A cell that receives a synaptic signal from a neuron may be excited, inhibited, or otherwise modulated. The connections between neurons can form neural circuits and also neural networks that generate an organism's perception of the world and determine its behavior. Along with neurons, the nervous system contains other specialized cells called glial cells (or simply glia), which provide structural and metabolic support.Nervous systems are found in most multicellular animals, but vary greatly in complexity. The only multicellular animals that have no nervous system at all are sponges, placozoans, and mesozoans, which have very simple body plans. The nervous systems of the radially symmetric organisms ctenophores (comb jellies) and cnidarians (which include anemones, hydras, corals and jellyfish) consist of a diffuse nerve net. All other animal species, with the exception of a few types of worm, have a nervous system containing a brain, a central cord (or two cords running in parallel), and nerves radiating from the brain and central cord. The size of the nervous system ranges from a few hundred cells in the simplest worms, to around 100 billion cells in humans.The central nervous system functions to send signals from one cell to others, or from one part of the body to others and to receive feedback. Malfunction of the nervous system can occur as a result of genetic defects, physical damage due to trauma or toxicity, infection or simply of ageing. The medical specialty of neurology studies disorders of the nervous system and looks for interventions that can prevent or treat them. In the peripheral nervous system, the most common problem is the failure of nerve conduction, which can be due to different causes including diabetic neuropathy and demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Neuroscience is the field of science that focuses on the study of the nervous system.