Fluid Mechanics
... Pascal’s principle states that pressure applied to a fluid in a closed container is transmitted equally to every point of the fluid and to the walls of the container. ...
... Pascal’s principle states that pressure applied to a fluid in a closed container is transmitted equally to every point of the fluid and to the walls of the container. ...
Thermodynamic Wrap-up
... straight forward stuff. It’s basically pie. There are only two equations that you would have to use, Q mL (for phase changes) and Q mcT (to increase or decrease the temperature of the system). 3. You should understand heat transfer and thermal expansion so you can: a. Determine the final temper ...
... straight forward stuff. It’s basically pie. There are only two equations that you would have to use, Q mL (for phase changes) and Q mcT (to increase or decrease the temperature of the system). 3. You should understand heat transfer and thermal expansion so you can: a. Determine the final temper ...
1 11.8 Definition of entropy and the modern statement of the second
... equilibrium states of the systems involved in this compression, we must make sure: (i) to decrease the temperature of the gas back to its original value; (ii) to move the piston back to its original position. Suppose that we could come up with an adiabatic process to achieve these. We can then let t ...
... equilibrium states of the systems involved in this compression, we must make sure: (i) to decrease the temperature of the gas back to its original value; (ii) to move the piston back to its original position. Suppose that we could come up with an adiabatic process to achieve these. We can then let t ...
8.5 CONVECTION By convection we mean a motion of material due
... For the superadiabatic case m2 is hotter than the surrounding material, even after the cooling resulting from the pressure change: so it will continue to expand. As it expands its density decreases, so it will be less dense than the surrounding material and, thus, tend to rise. In contrast, for an a ...
... For the superadiabatic case m2 is hotter than the surrounding material, even after the cooling resulting from the pressure change: so it will continue to expand. As it expands its density decreases, so it will be less dense than the surrounding material and, thus, tend to rise. In contrast, for an a ...
8.5 CONVECTION By convection we mean a motion of material due
... For the superadiabatic case m2 is hotter than the surrounding material, even after the cooling resulting from the pressure change: so it will continue to expand. As it expands its density decreases, so it will be less dense than the surrounding material and, thus, tend to rise. In contrast, for an a ...
... For the superadiabatic case m2 is hotter than the surrounding material, even after the cooling resulting from the pressure change: so it will continue to expand. As it expands its density decreases, so it will be less dense than the surrounding material and, thus, tend to rise. In contrast, for an a ...
Course Home - Haldia Institute of Technology
... implications, and become familiar with their use and applications. ME201.3 Ability to understand work and heat transfer, enthalpy, entropy etc. for calculating different engineering problems. ME201.4 Ability to understand fluid statics, dynamics and kinematics and hence to gather knowledge of compre ...
... implications, and become familiar with their use and applications. ME201.3 Ability to understand work and heat transfer, enthalpy, entropy etc. for calculating different engineering problems. ME201.4 Ability to understand fluid statics, dynamics and kinematics and hence to gather knowledge of compre ...
Material and Energy Balances CHEN 2120 Outline Specific
... • The steady-state open-system energy balance • Tables of thermodynamic data • Steam tables ...
... • The steady-state open-system energy balance • Tables of thermodynamic data • Steam tables ...
Chapter 6 lecture notes
... coin is then quickly placed in an ice calorimeter. What mass of ice melts? Au: (7.65 g)/(196.97 g mol-1) = .0388 mol Au Cp(Au) = 25.418 J mol-1K-1 Step I: determine heat lost by gold when going from 100.0 oC to 0.0 o C q = nCpT = (.0388 mol)(25.418 J mol-1K-1)(-100 K) = -98.6 J of heat ...
... coin is then quickly placed in an ice calorimeter. What mass of ice melts? Au: (7.65 g)/(196.97 g mol-1) = .0388 mol Au Cp(Au) = 25.418 J mol-1K-1 Step I: determine heat lost by gold when going from 100.0 oC to 0.0 o C q = nCpT = (.0388 mol)(25.418 J mol-1K-1)(-100 K) = -98.6 J of heat ...
Unsteady coupling of Navier-Stokes and Radiative Heat
... method. Profiles of the two other simulations differ from the first one: the second simulation because of the multicomponent terms arising inside the Navier-Stokes equations [23] (this simulation constitutes the reference case for the coupled computation), and the third one because of both the multi ...
... method. Profiles of the two other simulations differ from the first one: the second simulation because of the multicomponent terms arising inside the Navier-Stokes equations [23] (this simulation constitutes the reference case for the coupled computation), and the third one because of both the multi ...
Countercurrent exchange
Countercurrent exchange is a mechanism occurring in nature and mimicked in industry and engineering, in which there is a crossover of some property, usually heat or some component, between two flowing bodies flowing in opposite directions to each other. The flowing bodies can be liquids, gases, or even solid powders, or any combination of those. For example, in a distillation column, the vapors bubble up through the downward flowing liquid while exchanging both heat and mass.The maximum amount of heat or mass transfer that can be obtained is higher with countercurrent than co-current (parallel) exchange because countercurrent maintains a slowly declining difference or gradient (usually temperature or concentration difference). In cocurrent exchange the initial gradient is higher but falls off quickly, leading to wasted potential. For example, in the diagram at the right, the fluid being heated (exiting top) has a higher exiting temperature than the cooled fluid (exiting bottom) that was used for heating. With cocurrent or parallel exchange the heated and cooled fluids can only approach one another. The result is that countercurrent exchange can achieve a greater amount of heat or mass transfer than parallel under otherwise similar conditions. See: flow arrangement.Countercurrent exchange when set up in a circuit or loop can be used for building up concentrations, heat, or other properties of flowing liquids. Specifically when set up in a loop with a buffering liquid between the incoming and outgoing fluid running in a circuit, and with active transport pumps on the outgoing fluid's tubes, the system is called a Countercurrent multiplier, enabling a multiplied effect of many small pumps to gradually build up a large concentration in the buffer liquid.Other countercurrent exchange circuits where the incoming and outgoing fluids touch each other are used for retaining a high concentration of a dissolved substance or for retaining heat, or for allowing the external buildup of the heat or concentration at one point in the system.Countercurrent exchange circuits or loops are found extensively in nature, specifically in biologic systems. In vertebrates, they are called a Rete mirabile, originally the name of an organ in fish gills for absorbing oxygen from the water. It is mimicked in industrial systems. Countercurrent exchange is a key concept in chemical engineering thermodynamics and manufacturing processes, for example in extracting sucrose from sugar beet roots.Countercurrent multiplication is a similar but different concept where liquid moves in a loop followed by a long length of movement in opposite directions with an intermediate zone. The tube leading to the loop passively building up a gradient of heat (or cooling) or solvent concentration while the returning tube has a constant small pumping action all along it, so that a gradual intensification of the heat or concentration is created towards the loop. Countercurrent multiplication has been found in the kidneys as well as in many other biological organs.