ASTR 220 Homework #7 Solutions
... the escape velocity of the black hole is equal to the speed of light. Within that boundary, no object can escape from the black hole, not even light. However, it is not a physical boundary in any way. How is the event horizon related to the Schwarzschild radius? The event horizon is in the shape of ...
... the escape velocity of the black hole is equal to the speed of light. Within that boundary, no object can escape from the black hole, not even light. However, it is not a physical boundary in any way. How is the event horizon related to the Schwarzschild radius? The event horizon is in the shape of ...
Where Do Chemical Elements Come From?
... Elements that are heavier than iron can be assembled within stars through the capture of neutrons—a mechanism called the “s” process. The process starts when an iron nucleus captures neutrons, thus creating new nuclei. These nuclei can be either stable, that is, they do not change, or radioactive, m ...
... Elements that are heavier than iron can be assembled within stars through the capture of neutrons—a mechanism called the “s” process. The process starts when an iron nucleus captures neutrons, thus creating new nuclei. These nuclei can be either stable, that is, they do not change, or radioactive, m ...
AST1100 Lecture Notes
... stars range from 0.08M⊙ for the least massive stars up to about 100M⊙ for the most massive stars. We will later discuss theoretical arguments explaining why there is a lower and an upper limit of star masses. We will now start to look at the evolution of stars, from birth to death. Stars start out a ...
... stars range from 0.08M⊙ for the least massive stars up to about 100M⊙ for the most massive stars. We will later discuss theoretical arguments explaining why there is a lower and an upper limit of star masses. We will now start to look at the evolution of stars, from birth to death. Stars start out a ...
presentation source
... The highly redshifted spectra of quasars indicate large distances From brightness and distance we find that luminosities of some quasars are >1012 LSun Variability shows that all this energy comes from region smaller than solar system ...
... The highly redshifted spectra of quasars indicate large distances From brightness and distance we find that luminosities of some quasars are >1012 LSun Variability shows that all this energy comes from region smaller than solar system ...
Adapting Materials for ELL Students - title
... 6. Don't be afraid to repeat words. Though we tend to avoid repetitions in formal prose, students can often benefit more from repetition than from the introduction of new, unknowable words. 7. Use cohesive devices (e.g., then, such, first, however, it, also). Words like these give the reader clues a ...
... 6. Don't be afraid to repeat words. Though we tend to avoid repetitions in formal prose, students can often benefit more from repetition than from the introduction of new, unknowable words. 7. Use cohesive devices (e.g., then, such, first, however, it, also). Words like these give the reader clues a ...
Planisphere
... RA-Dec coordinates are only good for storing the location of stars in reference books. This coordinate system, called the equatorial system, tells us nothing about how to actually find something in the sky when we go outside. The altitude-azimuth coordinate system, called the horizon system, fulfill ...
... RA-Dec coordinates are only good for storing the location of stars in reference books. This coordinate system, called the equatorial system, tells us nothing about how to actually find something in the sky when we go outside. The altitude-azimuth coordinate system, called the horizon system, fulfill ...
Galaxies
... stars. The smallest are called dwarf irregulars. As with elliptical galaxies, the dwarf type is the most common. Dwarf ellipticals and dwarf irregulars occur in approximately equal numbers and together make up the vast majority of galaxies in the universe. They are often found close to a larger “par ...
... stars. The smallest are called dwarf irregulars. As with elliptical galaxies, the dwarf type is the most common. Dwarf ellipticals and dwarf irregulars occur in approximately equal numbers and together make up the vast majority of galaxies in the universe. They are often found close to a larger “par ...
Yeatman-Liddell College Preparatory Middle School Winter
... Our local star is the Sun. It appears to be rather small as stars go. Stars are fueled by hydrogen, and they exist until the last of their hydrogen fuel is used up. Our Sun will not run out of hydrogen for 5 billion years. Then our Sun will swell up and become a red giant. The core will continue to ...
... Our local star is the Sun. It appears to be rather small as stars go. Stars are fueled by hydrogen, and they exist until the last of their hydrogen fuel is used up. Our Sun will not run out of hydrogen for 5 billion years. Then our Sun will swell up and become a red giant. The core will continue to ...
15-1 Notes - westscidept
... use a ________________ to separate a star’s light into a spectrum. The spectrum gives information about the ______________ and temperature of a star. When a chemical element emits ________, only some colors in the spectrum appear. These are called ____________ lines. The __________ atmosphere of a s ...
... use a ________________ to separate a star’s light into a spectrum. The spectrum gives information about the ______________ and temperature of a star. When a chemical element emits ________, only some colors in the spectrum appear. These are called ____________ lines. The __________ atmosphere of a s ...
Measuring the Properties of Stars (ch. 17)
... Since stars only appear as points of light to even the largest telescopes (with a very few exceptions, using interferometry for the largest nearby stars: see Fig. 17.11 for the best example), we can’t get their diameters directly. Instead we use a method that is based on Stefan’s law (see ch.3 if yo ...
... Since stars only appear as points of light to even the largest telescopes (with a very few exceptions, using interferometry for the largest nearby stars: see Fig. 17.11 for the best example), we can’t get their diameters directly. Instead we use a method that is based on Stefan’s law (see ch.3 if yo ...
Apparent Magnitude
... extremely luminous object. The explosion expels much or all of a star's material at a velocity of up to a tenth the speed of light, driving a shock wave into the surrounding interstellar medium. This shock wave sweeps up an expanding shell of gas and dust called a supernova remnant. ...
... extremely luminous object. The explosion expels much or all of a star's material at a velocity of up to a tenth the speed of light, driving a shock wave into the surrounding interstellar medium. This shock wave sweeps up an expanding shell of gas and dust called a supernova remnant. ...
Clusters of galaxies
... Classified by: Richness Concentration Dominance of central galaxy (Bautz-Morgan) Morphology (Rood-Sastry) – cD, B, L, C, I, F Galaxy Content (elliptical rich, spiral rich etc) X-ray structure ...
... Classified by: Richness Concentration Dominance of central galaxy (Bautz-Morgan) Morphology (Rood-Sastry) – cD, B, L, C, I, F Galaxy Content (elliptical rich, spiral rich etc) X-ray structure ...
Read the article
... smaller spiral (light months), seem to exist in the galactic center. Among the O/B stars moving close to SgrA* only S2 has been seen to complete two-third of its Keplerian orbit around SgrA* (Schödel et al. 2002). The Keplerian orbits of the other stars are more a matter of guess. Apart from S2, th ...
... smaller spiral (light months), seem to exist in the galactic center. Among the O/B stars moving close to SgrA* only S2 has been seen to complete two-third of its Keplerian orbit around SgrA* (Schödel et al. 2002). The Keplerian orbits of the other stars are more a matter of guess. Apart from S2, th ...
Lecture 15: The Main Sequence
... More massive main-sequence stars need higher pressures to support themselves against gravitational collapse. Higher pressure=higher temperatures. The higher temperatures lead to greater rates of nuclear fusion which means higher luminosity. ...
... More massive main-sequence stars need higher pressures to support themselves against gravitational collapse. Higher pressure=higher temperatures. The higher temperatures lead to greater rates of nuclear fusion which means higher luminosity. ...
The Death of High Mass Stars
... the radio, but sometimes also in X-rays, visible, infrared. Emission mechanism not entirely understood though most is likely synchrotron radiation – magnetic field accelerates charged particles which spiral around field lines. Visible light images of the Crab Pulsar during “on” and “off” separated b ...
... the radio, but sometimes also in X-rays, visible, infrared. Emission mechanism not entirely understood though most is likely synchrotron radiation – magnetic field accelerates charged particles which spiral around field lines. Visible light images of the Crab Pulsar during “on” and “off” separated b ...
THE UNIVERSE - - GRADE 9, UNIT 4 (4 weeks)
... 2. A galaxy is a group of billions of individual stars, star systems, star clusters, dust and gas bound together by gravity. 3. There are billions of galaxies in the universe, and they are classified by size and shape. a. Milky Way is a spiral galaxy; has more than 100 billion stars and a diameter o ...
... 2. A galaxy is a group of billions of individual stars, star systems, star clusters, dust and gas bound together by gravity. 3. There are billions of galaxies in the universe, and they are classified by size and shape. a. Milky Way is a spiral galaxy; has more than 100 billion stars and a diameter o ...
3.1e Finding Polaris and Sirius
... have very dark skies, the Andromeda Galaxy is the furthest object that you can see with your naked eye – 2.4 million light years away! The galaxy appears as a small, white, fuzzy patch. When you have found the Great Square of Pegasus, you need to find the top left hand star of the square (the star d ...
... have very dark skies, the Andromeda Galaxy is the furthest object that you can see with your naked eye – 2.4 million light years away! The galaxy appears as a small, white, fuzzy patch. When you have found the Great Square of Pegasus, you need to find the top left hand star of the square (the star d ...
chapter 14 - Astronomy
... that controls the rate of consumption of hydrogen fuel. 2. The overall effect of the mechanism is that nuclear fusion proceeds at a rate that is just enough to keep the star in hydrostatic equilibrium. Main Sequence Life of Stars 1. In the core of a main sequence star, the following sequence of even ...
... that controls the rate of consumption of hydrogen fuel. 2. The overall effect of the mechanism is that nuclear fusion proceeds at a rate that is just enough to keep the star in hydrostatic equilibrium. Main Sequence Life of Stars 1. In the core of a main sequence star, the following sequence of even ...
Solutions
... A planetary nebula is the ejected envelope of a star of mass less than 9 solar masses that is excited to luminescence by the high energy photons radiated from the exposed very hot – but very dead – carbon core of the star. The planetary nebula may have a very symmetrical spherical shape or may be ex ...
... A planetary nebula is the ejected envelope of a star of mass less than 9 solar masses that is excited to luminescence by the high energy photons radiated from the exposed very hot – but very dead – carbon core of the star. The planetary nebula may have a very symmetrical spherical shape or may be ex ...
Student Worksheet - Indiana University Astronomy
... nm (24 m or 0.024 mm), in the mid-infrared range of the spectrum. The flux density (brightness) of a star in each waveband is measured in units of milli-Jansky. A Jansky is 10-26 watts per square meter per frequency interval (and a milli-Jansky is 10-29 watts per square meter per frequency interval ...
... nm (24 m or 0.024 mm), in the mid-infrared range of the spectrum. The flux density (brightness) of a star in each waveband is measured in units of milli-Jansky. A Jansky is 10-26 watts per square meter per frequency interval (and a milli-Jansky is 10-29 watts per square meter per frequency interval ...
absolute brightness: The apparent brightness a star would have if it
... above the critical value. A closed universe is finite in extent, and has no edge, like the surface of a sphere. It has enough mass to stop the present expansion, and will eventually collapse. clusters of galaxies: Galaxies can swarm together to form groups and clusters of galaxies held together by t ...
... above the critical value. A closed universe is finite in extent, and has no edge, like the surface of a sphere. It has enough mass to stop the present expansion, and will eventually collapse. clusters of galaxies: Galaxies can swarm together to form groups and clusters of galaxies held together by t ...
absolute brightness: The apparent brightness a star would have if it
... above the critical value. A closed universe is finite in extent, and has no edge, like the surface of a sphere. It has enough mass to stop the present expansion, and will eventually collapse. clusters of galaxies: Galaxies can swarm together to form groups and clusters of galaxies held together by t ...
... above the critical value. A closed universe is finite in extent, and has no edge, like the surface of a sphere. It has enough mass to stop the present expansion, and will eventually collapse. clusters of galaxies: Galaxies can swarm together to form groups and clusters of galaxies held together by t ...
H II region
An H II region is a large, low-density cloud of partially ionized gas in which star formation has recently taken place. The short-lived blue stars forged in these regions emit copious amounts of ultraviolet light that ionize the surrounding gas. H II regions—sometimes several hundred light-years across—are often associated with giant molecular clouds. The first known H II region was the Orion Nebula, which was discovered in 1610 by Nicolas-Claude Fabri de Peiresc.H II regions are named for the large amount of ionised atomic hydrogen they contain, referred to as H II, pronounced H-two by astronomers (an H I region being neutral atomic hydrogen, and H2 being molecular hydrogen). Such regions have extremely diverse shapes, because the distribution of the stars and gas inside them is irregular. They often appear clumpy and filamentary, sometimes showing bizarre shapes such as the Horsehead Nebula. H II regions may give birth to thousands of stars over a period of several million years. In the end, supernova explosions and strong stellar winds from the most massive stars in the resulting star cluster will disperse the gases of the H II region, leaving behind a cluster of birthed stars such as the Pleiades.H II regions can be seen to considerable distances in the universe, and the study of extragalactic H II regions is important in determining the distance and chemical composition of other galaxies. Spiral and irregular galaxies contain many H II regions, while elliptical galaxies are almost devoid of them. In the spiral galaxies, including the Milky Way, H II regions are concentrated in the spiral arms, while in the irregular galaxies they are distributed chaotically. Some galaxies contain huge H II regions, which may contain tens of thousands of stars. Examples include the 30 Doradus region in the Large Magellanic Cloud and NGC 604 in the Triangulum Galaxy.