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Rebalancing the Global Economy  Stefan Collignon
Rebalancing the Global Economy Stefan Collignon

... Rebalancing the Global Economy A global economy needs global management. This was the lesson from the Global Financial Crisis, when policy makers set up the G20. But very quickly the new global economic governance got stuck in the gridlock of international bureaucracy. Banal and dry Communiqués are ...
chapter 38 - Spring Branch ISD
chapter 38 - Spring Branch ISD

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The Current Account, the Spot Exchange Rate and the Demand for
The Current Account, the Spot Exchange Rate and the Demand for

... whether the composition effect does or does not outweigh the growth effect, or whether both are relevant forces in current account determination. This framework accommodates models developed by Kray and Ventura (2000, 2003), Lane and Milesi-Ferreti (2006) and Gourinchas and Rey (2007), among others. ...
Purchasing-Power Parity: Definition
Purchasing-Power Parity: Definition

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ON THE IMF-DIRECTED DISINFLATION PROGRAM IN TURKEY:

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Stock prices and the East Asian Financial Crisis
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... modestly to 8.27 in 1995, where it then remained (see Figure 1). In the second half of the 1990s, as part of developing a system of direct monetary control, the growth of the money stock began replacing credit ceilings as the intermediate target of the PBOC, and a unified interbank money market beg ...
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PDF version - Association for the Study of the Cuban Economy
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The Renminbi`s Dollar Peg at the Crossroads

... One cannot but conclude that expectations of revaluation (and lately, of equitymarket appreciation, promoted by ample domestic liquidty) have been helping to drive capital inflows into China, notwithstanding the administrative controls that are in place.6 The People’s Bank of China (PBOC) has attemp ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE UNSUSTAINABLE US CURRENT ACCOUNT POSITION REVISITED
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The Renminbi`s Dollar Peg at the Crossroads
The Renminbi`s Dollar Peg at the Crossroads

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NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES FINANCIAL OPENNESS UNDER ALTERNATIVE REAL EXCHANGE RATE REGIMES

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Estonia: A Macroeconomic Enquiry
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International Economics: Feenstra/Taylor 2/e
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Chapter Five: Currency Boards - Peterson Institute for International
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... mixed. The tests typically attempt to measure independence by estimating the response of domestic interest rates to both US interest rates and to measures of the risk premium facing emerging economies as a group (e.g., the spread in various emerging-market bond indices), with an eye toward gauging w ...
EU-China Collaboration in the Reform of the International Monetary
EU-China Collaboration in the Reform of the International Monetary

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This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... Bureau of Economic Research
This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from... Bureau of Economic Research

... Problems occur when short-term market prices do not give the "correct" long-run allocation signals for producers or consumers. Two major sources for such discrepancies may arise in the present context, both working in the same direction. The world financial market may temporarily register very low ( ...
An Empirical Study of a ‘Mystery of Currency Exposure’ with the Case of A-Share Listed Companies
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... the currency risk exposure of companies in the Shanghai A-share market after the exchange rate reform in 2005, and concluded that 12.6% of the listed companies benefited from the appreciation of the RMB and 4.3% were negatively affected. However, only 17.1% of all companies had significant exposure ...
First North Price List
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... Advisers shall pay an annual annual fee of 2,000 euros* for the right to provide advisory services to Issuers on First North. The annual fee is payable in advance at the beginning of each year. Adviser who has not signed an agreement with at least one Issuer, whose securities are admitted to trading ...
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The Dual-Listing Law:
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Redalyc.Non-Linear Multivariate Dependence between the Mexican

... Much research has been done to examine the relationship between the spot exchange rate and stock price in various economies. Most of the findings state that when the value of the local currency depreciates compared with major currencies, such as the dollar, euro or pound sterling, the local stock ma ...
W o r k
W o r k

... The goal of this paper is to quantitatively account for this puzzle by introducing price rigidity and local currency pricing (LCP ) in an otherwise standard dynamic general equilibrium model. In studying the impact on equilibrium allocations of some firms’ ability to price discriminate across count ...
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Foreign exchange market

The foreign exchange market (forex, FX, or currency market) is a global decentralized market for the trading of currencies. This includes all aspects of buying, selling and exchanging currencies at current or determined prices. In terms of volume of trading, it is by far the largest market in the world. The main participants in this market are the larger international banks. Financial centres around the world function as anchors of trading between a wide range of multiple types of buyers and sellers around the clock, with the exception of weekends. The foreign exchange market determines the relative values of different currencies.The foreign exchange market works through financial institutions, and it operates on several levels. Behind the scenes banks turn to a smaller number of financial firms known as “dealers,” who are actively involved in large quantities of foreign exchange trading. Most foreign exchange dealers are banks, so this behind-the-scenes market is sometimes called the “interbank market”, although a few insurance companies and other kinds of financial firms are involved. Trades between foreign exchange dealers can be very large, involving hundreds of millions of dollars. Because of the sovereignty issue when involving two currencies, forex has little (if any) supervisory entity regulating its actions.The foreign exchange market assists international trade and investments by enabling currency conversion. For example, it permits a business in the United States to import goods from European Union member states, especially Eurozone members, and pay Euros, even though its income is in United States dollars. It also supports direct speculation and evaluation relative to the value of currencies, and the carry trade, speculation based on the interest rate differential between two currencies.In a typical foreign exchange transaction, a party purchases some quantity of one currency by paying with some quantity of another currency. The modern foreign exchange market began forming during the 1970s after three decades of government restrictions on foreign exchange transactions (the Bretton Woods system of monetary management established the rules for commercial and financial relations among the world's major industrial states after World War II), when countries gradually switched to floating exchange rates from the previous exchange rate regime, which remained fixed as per the Bretton Woods system.The foreign exchange market is unique because of the following characteristics: its huge trading volume representing the largest asset class in the world leading to high liquidity; its geographical dispersion; its continuous operation: 24 hours a day except weekends, i.e., trading from 22:00 GMT on Sunday (Sydney) until 22:00 GMT Friday (New York); the variety of factors that affect exchange rates; the low margins of relative profit compared with other markets of fixed income; and the use of leverage to enhance profit and loss margins and with respect to account size.As such, it has been referred to as the market closest to the ideal of perfect competition, notwithstanding currency intervention by central banks.According to the Bank for International Settlements,the preliminary global results from the 2013 Triennial Central Bank Survey of Foreign Exchange and OTC Derivatives Markets Activity show that trading in foreign exchange markets averaged $5.3 trillion per day in April 2013. This is up from $4.0 trillion in April 2010 and $3.3 trillion in April 2007. Foreign exchange swaps were the most actively traded instruments in April 2013, at $2.2 trillion per day, followed by spot trading at $2.0 trillion.According to the Bank for International Settlements, as of April 2010, average daily turnover in global foreign exchange markets is estimated at $3.98 trillion, a growth of approximately 20% over the $3.21 trillion daily volume as of April 2007. Some firms specializing on foreign exchange market had put the average daily turnover in excess of US$4 trillion.The $3.98 trillion break-down is as follows: $1.490 trillion in spot transactions $475 billion in outright forwards $1.765 trillion in foreign exchange swaps $43 billion currency swaps $207 billion in options and other products↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
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