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Dear Menon I have used bold italics to express my agreement and
... Bosons have intrinsic angular momenta in integral units of h/(2. For instance the spin of a photon is either +1 or -1 and the spin of a 4He atom is always zero. Many bosons can occupy a single quantum state. This allows them to behave collectively and is responsible for the behavior of lasers and ...
... Bosons have intrinsic angular momenta in integral units of h/(2. For instance the spin of a photon is either +1 or -1 and the spin of a 4He atom is always zero. Many bosons can occupy a single quantum state. This allows them to behave collectively and is responsible for the behavior of lasers and ...
dimensions and kinematics in
... angular momentum L. If its angular frequency is doubled and its kinetic energy halved, then the new angular momentum is : (a) L/4 (b) 2L (c) 4L (d) L/2 17. Which of the following relations has the least wavelength ? (a) rays ...
... angular momentum L. If its angular frequency is doubled and its kinetic energy halved, then the new angular momentum is : (a) L/4 (b) 2L (c) 4L (d) L/2 17. Which of the following relations has the least wavelength ? (a) rays ...
Observation of the Higgs Boson - Purdue Physics
... • QED and QCD work so well that we use these ideas to describe other “symmetries”… • As far as the weak interaction is concerned, the up and down quarks are the same. – We can tell them apart by means of their electric charge, but the weak force doesn’t care about electric charge. ...
... • QED and QCD work so well that we use these ideas to describe other “symmetries”… • As far as the weak interaction is concerned, the up and down quarks are the same. – We can tell them apart by means of their electric charge, but the weak force doesn’t care about electric charge. ...
radioactivity PowerPoint Presentation
... • Nuclear Stability • N = # of Neutrons • Z = # of Protons • White are the stable nuclei ...
... • Nuclear Stability • N = # of Neutrons • Z = # of Protons • White are the stable nuclei ...
quiz 3 104 phy in class
... B)The electric field is zero somewhere on the x axis to the left of the +4q charge. C)The electric field is zero somewhere on the x axis to the right of the −2q charge. D)The electric field is zero somewhere on the x axis between the two charges, but this point is nearer to the −2q charge. E)The ele ...
... B)The electric field is zero somewhere on the x axis to the left of the +4q charge. C)The electric field is zero somewhere on the x axis to the right of the −2q charge. D)The electric field is zero somewhere on the x axis between the two charges, but this point is nearer to the −2q charge. E)The ele ...
spectral lines
... Extension of Bohr model to other atoms Energies of quantum states given by Z2 meke2e4 1 (n2) En = 2h2 ...
... Extension of Bohr model to other atoms Energies of quantum states given by Z2 meke2e4 1 (n2) En = 2h2 ...
electrostatic
... Q 3. Calculate the speed at which an electron would be travelling just before hitting the positive terminal of a 24V battery. Q 4. Calculate the work required to move a proton from the negative terminal to the positive terminal of a 12V battery. Convert this answer to electron Volts. Q 5. Calculate ...
... Q 3. Calculate the speed at which an electron would be travelling just before hitting the positive terminal of a 24V battery. Q 4. Calculate the work required to move a proton from the negative terminal to the positive terminal of a 12V battery. Convert this answer to electron Volts. Q 5. Calculate ...
PPT - Florida Institute of Technology
... Current knowledge of fundamental particles and their interaction. ...
... Current knowledge of fundamental particles and their interaction. ...
Electric Fields II
... 8. Copy the figure below to your paper. This figure shows electric field lines. The electric field is constant and is equal to 1,000 N/C in the +Y direction. Draw four or five equipotential lines and label them with locations and values. (Hint: The V = 0 line is your choice, as are the scale and dis ...
... 8. Copy the figure below to your paper. This figure shows electric field lines. The electric field is constant and is equal to 1,000 N/C in the +Y direction. Draw four or five equipotential lines and label them with locations and values. (Hint: The V = 0 line is your choice, as are the scale and dis ...
Homework 1 Solution
... you use them. Lay out the value for each variable before the substitution is good practice. Finally, make sure you answer the question and not stop just because the math is done. The following example contains the minimum required explanation. Example Question How much time does it take a 1 kg mass, ...
... you use them. Lay out the value for each variable before the substitution is good practice. Finally, make sure you answer the question and not stop just because the math is done. The following example contains the minimum required explanation. Example Question How much time does it take a 1 kg mass, ...
Electric Fields
... • A cell is a single set of positive and negative reactions – Large batteries are made up of more than one cell – The voltage produced by a cell depends on the chemical reactions used – Some reactions are reversible, thus batteries with these reactions can be recharged by forcing electrons to flow f ...
... • A cell is a single set of positive and negative reactions – Large batteries are made up of more than one cell – The voltage produced by a cell depends on the chemical reactions used – Some reactions are reversible, thus batteries with these reactions can be recharged by forcing electrons to flow f ...
view pdf - Sub-Structure of the Electron
... revolution of the field along the path of the Moebius ribbon only the first half of the sine wave is accomplished. The second half wave is completed after the internal turn during the second revolution. It is a very remarkable property of this model of the electron that two revolutions are necessary ...
... revolution of the field along the path of the Moebius ribbon only the first half of the sine wave is accomplished. The second half wave is completed after the internal turn during the second revolution. It is a very remarkable property of this model of the electron that two revolutions are necessary ...
Froehlich`s Physics
... a. Will larger orbits have higher, lower, or equal potential than a smaller orbit? Why? b. Determine the potential difference between two orbits of radii 0.21 nm and 0.48 nm. 5. It takes +5.5 J of work to move two charges from a large distance apart to 1.0 cm from one another. If the charges have th ...
... a. Will larger orbits have higher, lower, or equal potential than a smaller orbit? Why? b. Determine the potential difference between two orbits of radii 0.21 nm and 0.48 nm. 5. It takes +5.5 J of work to move two charges from a large distance apart to 1.0 cm from one another. If the charges have th ...
Lepton
A lepton is an elementary, half-integer spin (spin 1⁄2) particle that does not undergo strong interactions, but is subject to the Pauli exclusion principle. The best known of all leptons is the electron, which is directly tied to all chemical properties. Two main classes of leptons exist: charged leptons (also known as the electron-like leptons), and neutral leptons (better known as neutrinos). Charged leptons can combine with other particles to form various composite particles such as atoms and positronium, while neutrinos rarely interact with anything, and are consequently rarely observed.There are six types of leptons, known as flavours, forming three generations. The first generation is the electronic leptons, comprising the electron (e−) and electron neutrino (νe); the second is the muonic leptons, comprising the muon (μ−) and muon neutrino (νμ); and the third is the tauonic leptons, comprising the tau (τ−) and the tau neutrino (ντ). Electrons have the least mass of all the charged leptons. The heavier muons and taus will rapidly change into electrons through a process of particle decay: the transformation from a higher mass state to a lower mass state. Thus electrons are stable and the most common charged lepton in the universe, whereas muons and taus can only be produced in high energy collisions (such as those involving cosmic rays and those carried out in particle accelerators).Leptons have various intrinsic properties, including electric charge, spin, and mass. Unlike quarks however, leptons are not subject to the strong interaction, but they are subject to the other three fundamental interactions: gravitation, electromagnetism (excluding neutrinos, which are electrically neutral), and the weak interaction. For every lepton flavor there is a corresponding type of antiparticle, known as antilepton, that differs from the lepton only in that some of its properties have equal magnitude but opposite sign. However, according to certain theories, neutrinos may be their own antiparticle, but it is not currently known whether this is the case or not.The first charged lepton, the electron, was theorized in the mid-19th century by several scientists and was discovered in 1897 by J. J. Thomson. The next lepton to be observed was the muon, discovered by Carl D. Anderson in 1936, which was classified as a meson at the time. After investigation, it was realized that the muon did not have the expected properties of a meson, but rather behaved like an electron, only with higher mass. It took until 1947 for the concept of ""leptons"" as a family of particle to be proposed. The first neutrino, the electron neutrino, was proposed by Wolfgang Pauli in 1930 to explain certain characteristics of beta decay. It was first observed in the Cowan–Reines neutrino experiment conducted by Clyde Cowan and Frederick Reines in 1956. The muon neutrino was discovered in 1962 by Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Schwartz and Jack Steinberger, and the tau discovered between 1974 and 1977 by Martin Lewis Perl and his colleagues from the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The tau neutrino remained elusive until July 2000, when the DONUT collaboration from Fermilab announced its discovery.Leptons are an important part of the Standard Model. Electrons are one of the components of atoms, alongside protons and neutrons. Exotic atoms with muons and taus instead of electrons can also be synthesized, as well as lepton–antilepton particles such as positronium.