Honors Midterm - Stamford High School
... 15. What is an isotope? Isotopes of an element have different numbers of neutrons, they also have different mass numbers 16) What are radioisotopes? Radioisotopes can be used to diagnose medical problems and, in some cases, to treat diseases. Background information:. How do you balance nuclear react ...
... 15. What is an isotope? Isotopes of an element have different numbers of neutrons, they also have different mass numbers 16) What are radioisotopes? Radioisotopes can be used to diagnose medical problems and, in some cases, to treat diseases. Background information:. How do you balance nuclear react ...
notes ch 39 1st half Atomic Nucleus and Radioactivity
... • Visible light is given off when electrons jump from one orbit to another of lower energy, and gamma rays are emitted when nucleons do a similar sort of thing inside the nucleus. • Gamma rays require lead or other heavy shielding to stop them. ...
... • Visible light is given off when electrons jump from one orbit to another of lower energy, and gamma rays are emitted when nucleons do a similar sort of thing inside the nucleus. • Gamma rays require lead or other heavy shielding to stop them. ...
Ch.7 Summary Notes
... Nuclear fusion is a nuclear reaction in which small nuclei combine to produce a larger nucleus. Other subatomic particles as well as energy are released in this process. Fusion occurs at the core of the Sun and other stars where sufficient pressure and high temperatures cause isotopes of hydrogen to ...
... Nuclear fusion is a nuclear reaction in which small nuclei combine to produce a larger nucleus. Other subatomic particles as well as energy are released in this process. Fusion occurs at the core of the Sun and other stars where sufficient pressure and high temperatures cause isotopes of hydrogen to ...
Chapter #20 Nuclear Chemistry
... atoms, an nucleus in more stable than its individual atoms. Energy changes for nuclear process are extremely large when compared to normal chemical and physical changes, thus very valuable energy source. Normal units are expressed per nucleon, in MeV (million electron volts) MeV = 1.60 X 10-13 J OR ...
... atoms, an nucleus in more stable than its individual atoms. Energy changes for nuclear process are extremely large when compared to normal chemical and physical changes, thus very valuable energy source. Normal units are expressed per nucleon, in MeV (million electron volts) MeV = 1.60 X 10-13 J OR ...
![Review 2 key - Home [www.petoskeyschools.org]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/000860497_1-e3bea510ba504d09bc42d6f5e4936390-300x300.png)
Review 2 key - Home [www.petoskeyschools.org]
... Fusion- combining of two smaller nuclei to produce 1 larger nucleus and lots of energy Fission- splitting of a larger nucleus into 2 or smaller nuclei. Releases energy. Fusion releases more energy than fission. 20 In Rutheford’s gold foil experiment, what 3 possible things happened to the particles ...
... Fusion- combining of two smaller nuclei to produce 1 larger nucleus and lots of energy Fission- splitting of a larger nucleus into 2 or smaller nuclei. Releases energy. Fusion releases more energy than fission. 20 In Rutheford’s gold foil experiment, what 3 possible things happened to the particles ...
nuclear physics ppt
... A nucleon is a general term to denote a nuclear particle - that is, either a proton or a neutron. The atomic number Z of an element is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus of that element. The mass number A of an element is equal to the total number of nucleons (protons + neutrons). The mas ...
... A nucleon is a general term to denote a nuclear particle - that is, either a proton or a neutron. The atomic number Z of an element is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus of that element. The mass number A of an element is equal to the total number of nucleons (protons + neutrons). The mas ...
Nuclear Chemistry - HCC Learning Web
... band of stability tend to be beta emitters • The neutron:proton ration is apparently too high. A nucleus that undergoes beta decay loses a neutron and gains a proton which reduces the ratio. For example, beta decay by fluorine-20 decreases the neutron:proton ratio from 11/9 to 10/10. ...
... band of stability tend to be beta emitters • The neutron:proton ration is apparently too high. A nucleus that undergoes beta decay loses a neutron and gains a proton which reduces the ratio. For example, beta decay by fluorine-20 decreases the neutron:proton ratio from 11/9 to 10/10. ...
Nuclear Physics and Radioactivity
... atomic mass number (A) - the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. atomic mass unit - the unit of mass equal to 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 nucleus; the atomic mass rounded to the nearest whole number is called the mass number. atomic number (Z) - the number of protons in the nu ...
... atomic mass number (A) - the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom. atomic mass unit - the unit of mass equal to 1/12 the mass of a carbon-12 nucleus; the atomic mass rounded to the nearest whole number is called the mass number. atomic number (Z) - the number of protons in the nu ...
Chemistry (B) HW Chapter 25
... particle of charge +1 and mass equal to that of an electron conversion of an atom of one element to an atom of another element Match each item with the correct statement below. a. fission e. scintillation counter b. fusion f. neutron absorption c. Geiger counter g. neutron moderation d. radioisotope ...
... particle of charge +1 and mass equal to that of an electron conversion of an atom of one element to an atom of another element Match each item with the correct statement below. a. fission e. scintillation counter b. fusion f. neutron absorption c. Geiger counter g. neutron moderation d. radioisotope ...
CH_8_nucleus_new
... Since the neutrons absorbed by 238U are wasted, and since 99.3% of natural U is 238U, too many disappear for a chain reaction to occur in a solid lump of natural U. Slow neutrons are more likely to induce fission in 235U than fast ones. To get around this problem of fast moving neutrons, they are sl ...
... Since the neutrons absorbed by 238U are wasted, and since 99.3% of natural U is 238U, too many disappear for a chain reaction to occur in a solid lump of natural U. Slow neutrons are more likely to induce fission in 235U than fast ones. To get around this problem of fast moving neutrons, they are sl ...
Module 4: Nuclear Physics
... This equation expresses the equivalence of mass and energy, meaning that mass may be transformed to energy and vice versa. Because of this equivalence the two are often referred to collectively as mass-energy. The mass-energy equivalence theory implies that mass and energy are interchangeable. The t ...
... This equation expresses the equivalence of mass and energy, meaning that mass may be transformed to energy and vice versa. Because of this equivalence the two are often referred to collectively as mass-energy. The mass-energy equivalence theory implies that mass and energy are interchangeable. The t ...
chap7_nucleus
... Since the neutrons absorbed by 238U are wasted, and since 99.3% of natural U is 238U, too many disappear for a chain reaction to occur in a solid lump of natural U. Slow neutrons are more likely to induce fission in 235U than fast ones. To get around this problem of fast moving neutrons, they are sl ...
... Since the neutrons absorbed by 238U are wasted, and since 99.3% of natural U is 238U, too many disappear for a chain reaction to occur in a solid lump of natural U. Slow neutrons are more likely to induce fission in 235U than fast ones. To get around this problem of fast moving neutrons, they are sl ...
A – Z - washburnsciencelies
... This occurs when two smaller nuclei combine together to form a single larger nuclei. This produces far more energy than a fission reaction, and also does not have a dangerous by-product. However we currently don’t have the means to use it as a reliable energy source, as we barely get more energy out ...
... This occurs when two smaller nuclei combine together to form a single larger nuclei. This produces far more energy than a fission reaction, and also does not have a dangerous by-product. However we currently don’t have the means to use it as a reliable energy source, as we barely get more energy out ...
Notes for the Structure of Atoms (Chapter 4, Sect
... 2. What happens during beta decay? – mass number does not change but atomic number increases by one, causing the atom to change to a different element. 3. What happens during alpha decay? – mass number and atomic number change C. half-life The time it takes for half of a sample of a radioactive iso ...
... 2. What happens during beta decay? – mass number does not change but atomic number increases by one, causing the atom to change to a different element. 3. What happens during alpha decay? – mass number and atomic number change C. half-life The time it takes for half of a sample of a radioactive iso ...
03 Atoms – Nuclides
... a positively charged alpha particle (α), which is the same as a helium nuclei consisting of two neutrons and two protons a negatively charged beta minus particle (β-), which is the same as an electron a positively charged beta plus particle (β+), which is the same as a positron, a particle of equal ...
... a positively charged alpha particle (α), which is the same as a helium nuclei consisting of two neutrons and two protons a negatively charged beta minus particle (β-), which is the same as an electron a positively charged beta plus particle (β+), which is the same as a positron, a particle of equal ...
Half Life
... 19. An element that emits rays is said to be contaminated. 20. Unstable isotopes of elements are called radioisotopes. 21. The symbol represents tritium. 22. Gamma rays can be stopped by an aluminum sheet. 23. The change of an atom into a new element is called a chemical change. 24. The first artifi ...
... 19. An element that emits rays is said to be contaminated. 20. Unstable isotopes of elements are called radioisotopes. 21. The symbol represents tritium. 22. Gamma rays can be stopped by an aluminum sheet. 23. The change of an atom into a new element is called a chemical change. 24. The first artifi ...
Natural Radioactivity
... speed of light, except without the electrons.) Classically, if I put a marble in a dish then the marble cannot escape from the dish unless it acquires enough energy to go up and over the lip of the dish. It doesn’t matter if the lip of the dish is 1 mm high or a kiloparsec high. Classically, the mar ...
... speed of light, except without the electrons.) Classically, if I put a marble in a dish then the marble cannot escape from the dish unless it acquires enough energy to go up and over the lip of the dish. It doesn’t matter if the lip of the dish is 1 mm high or a kiloparsec high. Classically, the mar ...
Accelerated Chemistry: Ch
... ratio that indicates a stable nucleus for all elements, there is a general rule of thumb for nuclear stability. As the figure indicates, stable nuclei have a neutron to proton ratio of anywhere from 1:1 for smaller nucleons up to 1.5:1 for larger nucleons. This shifting ratio makes sense when we con ...
... ratio that indicates a stable nucleus for all elements, there is a general rule of thumb for nuclear stability. As the figure indicates, stable nuclei have a neutron to proton ratio of anywhere from 1:1 for smaller nucleons up to 1.5:1 for larger nucleons. This shifting ratio makes sense when we con ...
Periodic Table
... Atoms of one element are converted into another element May involve protons, neutrons, or electrons Have large energy changes Reaction rates are not affected ...
... Atoms of one element are converted into another element May involve protons, neutrons, or electrons Have large energy changes Reaction rates are not affected ...
Document
... EB = strong nuclear force binding -surface tension binding + spin pairing +shell binding-Coulomb repulsion 1) strong nuclear force -- the more nucleons the better 2) surface tension -- the less surface/volume the better (U better than He) 3) spin pairing -- neutrons and protons have + and - spins, p ...
... EB = strong nuclear force binding -surface tension binding + spin pairing +shell binding-Coulomb repulsion 1) strong nuclear force -- the more nucleons the better 2) surface tension -- the less surface/volume the better (U better than He) 3) spin pairing -- neutrons and protons have + and - spins, p ...
Nuclear Decay
... Gamma Decay - after a nuclear reaction such as alpha or beta decay has occurred, the daughter nucleus is in high-energy, or excited state. As a result the nucleus spontaneously releases energy in the form of a gamma ray to return to a lower more stable energy state. gamma ray - a highly energetic fo ...
... Gamma Decay - after a nuclear reaction such as alpha or beta decay has occurred, the daughter nucleus is in high-energy, or excited state. As a result the nucleus spontaneously releases energy in the form of a gamma ray to return to a lower more stable energy state. gamma ray - a highly energetic fo ...
File
... Which of the following statements concerning the penetrating power into matter of various types of radiation is CORRECT? a. Alpha and beta particles penetrate equally. b. Alpha particles penetrate deeper than beta particles. c. Alpha particles and gamma radiation penetrate equally. d. Gamma radiatio ...
... Which of the following statements concerning the penetrating power into matter of various types of radiation is CORRECT? a. Alpha and beta particles penetrate equally. b. Alpha particles penetrate deeper than beta particles. c. Alpha particles and gamma radiation penetrate equally. d. Gamma radiatio ...
Chapter 29: Nuclear Physics
... The absorbed dose of ionizing radiation is the amount of radiation energy absorbed per unit mass of tissue. Ionizing radiation is radiation with enough energy to ionize an atom or molecule. The SI unit of absorbed dose is the Gray. 1 Gy = 1 J/kg. Another common unit is the rad (radiation absorbed do ...
... The absorbed dose of ionizing radiation is the amount of radiation energy absorbed per unit mass of tissue. Ionizing radiation is radiation with enough energy to ionize an atom or molecule. The SI unit of absorbed dose is the Gray. 1 Gy = 1 J/kg. Another common unit is the rad (radiation absorbed do ...
nuclear physics - rct study guide
... the observation that fission occurs in these fissionable nuclei only when the neutron has approximately 1 MeV of kinetic energy. The situation is quite different for U-235, U-233, and Pu-239. In these cases, the neutron binding energy exceeds the critical energy for fission. Thus, these nuclei may b ...
... the observation that fission occurs in these fissionable nuclei only when the neutron has approximately 1 MeV of kinetic energy. The situation is quite different for U-235, U-233, and Pu-239. In these cases, the neutron binding energy exceeds the critical energy for fission. Thus, these nuclei may b ...
Chapter 10
... • Binding Energy - the energy that holds the protons, neutrons, and other particles together in the nucleus. • Binding energy is very large. • When isotopes decay (forming more stable isotopes,) binding energy is released. ...
... • Binding Energy - the energy that holds the protons, neutrons, and other particles together in the nucleus. • Binding energy is very large. • When isotopes decay (forming more stable isotopes,) binding energy is released. ...
Nuclear fission
In nuclear physics and nuclear chemistry, nuclear fission is either a nuclear reaction or a radioactive decay process in which the nucleus of an atom splits into smaller parts (lighter nuclei). The fission process often produces free neutrons and photons (in the form of gamma rays), and releases a very large amount of energy even by the energetic standards of radioactive decay.Nuclear fission of heavy elements was discovered on December 17, 1938 by German Otto Hahn and his assistant Fritz Strassmann, and explained theoretically in January 1939 by Lise Meitner and her nephew Otto Robert Frisch. Frisch named the process by analogy with biological fission of living cells. It is an exothermic reaction which can release large amounts of energy both as electromagnetic radiation and as kinetic energy of the fragments (heating the bulk material where fission takes place). In order for fission to produce energy, the total binding energy of the resulting elements must be less negative (higher energy) than that of the starting element.Fission is a form of nuclear transmutation because the resulting fragments are not the same element as the original atom. The two nuclei produced are most often of comparable but slightly different sizes, typically with a mass ratio of products of about 3 to 2, for common fissile isotopes. Most fissions are binary fissions (producing two charged fragments), but occasionally (2 to 4 times per 1000 events), three positively charged fragments are produced, in a ternary fission. The smallest of these fragments in ternary processes ranges in size from a proton to an argon nucleus.Apart from fission induced by a neutron, harnessed and exploited by humans, a natural form of spontaneous radioactive decay (not requiring a neutron) is also referred to as fission, and occurs especially in very high-mass-number isotopes. Spontaneous fission was discovered in 1940 by Flyorov, Petrzhak and Kurchatov in Moscow, when they decided to confirm that, without bombardment by neutrons, the fission rate of uranium was indeed negligible, as predicted by Niels Bohr; it wasn't.The unpredictable composition of the products (which vary in a broad probabilistic and somewhat chaotic manner) distinguishes fission from purely quantum-tunnelling processes such as proton emission, alpha decay and cluster decay, which give the same products each time. Nuclear fission produces energy for nuclear power and drives the explosion of nuclear weapons. Both uses are possible because certain substances called nuclear fuels undergo fission when struck by fission neutrons, and in turn emit neutrons when they break apart. This makes possible a self-sustaining nuclear chain reaction that releases energy at a controlled rate in a nuclear reactor or at a very rapid uncontrolled rate in a nuclear weapon.The amount of free energy contained in nuclear fuel is millions of times the amount of free energy contained in a similar mass of chemical fuel such as gasoline, making nuclear fission a very dense source of energy. The products of nuclear fission, however, are on average far more radioactive than the heavy elements which are normally fissioned as fuel, and remain so for significant amounts of time, giving rise to a nuclear waste problem. Concerns over nuclear waste accumulation and over the destructive potential of nuclear weapons may counterbalance the desirable qualities of fission as an energy source, and give rise to ongoing political debate over nuclear power.