etching of nitinol - Advanced Chemical Etching
... Shape memory is the effect of restoring the original shape of a deformed material by heating it. The shape-memory effect in NiTi was discovered in the early sixties at the US Naval Ordnance Laboratory (hence the name Nitinol). Nitinol can exist in two different solid structures: austenitic or marten ...
... Shape memory is the effect of restoring the original shape of a deformed material by heating it. The shape-memory effect in NiTi was discovered in the early sixties at the US Naval Ordnance Laboratory (hence the name Nitinol). Nitinol can exist in two different solid structures: austenitic or marten ...
Isotope-Exchange Evidence that Glucose 6
... requires that glucose must bind before MgATP when the reaction is proceeding in the normal physiological direction, i.e. phosphorylation of glucose. Although at low non-inhibitory glucose 6-phosphate concentrations the flux ratio increases linearly with the MgATP concentration, the dependence become ...
... requires that glucose must bind before MgATP when the reaction is proceeding in the normal physiological direction, i.e. phosphorylation of glucose. Although at low non-inhibitory glucose 6-phosphate concentrations the flux ratio increases linearly with the MgATP concentration, the dependence become ...
Modified ketone resin as an epoxy resin curing agent
... polymer sample were taken in KBr pellet on “Perkin Elmer model No. spectrum one”. The number of NH2 groups were determined by non-aqueous conductometric titration in Formic acid - acetic acid mixture. Perchloric acid in formic acid - acetic acid was used as a titrant. Curing of epoxy - HCHF resin sy ...
... polymer sample were taken in KBr pellet on “Perkin Elmer model No. spectrum one”. The number of NH2 groups were determined by non-aqueous conductometric titration in Formic acid - acetic acid mixture. Perchloric acid in formic acid - acetic acid was used as a titrant. Curing of epoxy - HCHF resin sy ...
Theoretical Limits of Hydrogen Storage in MetalâOrganic Frameworks
... procedure examines more files than a human can realistically process, automated identification and isolation of potentially troublesome structures was necessary. Scanning for these problematic features resulted in the identification and isolation (i.e., removal) of ∼16K compounds (see red box in Figure ...
... procedure examines more files than a human can realistically process, automated identification and isolation of potentially troublesome structures was necessary. Scanning for these problematic features resulted in the identification and isolation (i.e., removal) of ∼16K compounds (see red box in Figure ...
Publisher version
... enables the splitting of water to H2 and O2. The stored energy can be released as electricity and heat by reacting H2 and O2 to form water in a fuel cell. The overall process is a closed sustainable material cycle, where hydrogen is working as an energy carrier [1]. A remaining challenge is to store ...
... enables the splitting of water to H2 and O2. The stored energy can be released as electricity and heat by reacting H2 and O2 to form water in a fuel cell. The overall process is a closed sustainable material cycle, where hydrogen is working as an energy carrier [1]. A remaining challenge is to store ...
Oxidation of benzoin with anchored vanadyl and
... 3. Resuks and discussion The oxidation of benzoin with Bu”0, H, when carried out in the absence of catalyst, was very slow and low yields of benzil were obtained even when the reaction was allowed to proceed for a longer time (up to 32 h). Experiments were carried out using (i) the organic polymer w ...
... 3. Resuks and discussion The oxidation of benzoin with Bu”0, H, when carried out in the absence of catalyst, was very slow and low yields of benzil were obtained even when the reaction was allowed to proceed for a longer time (up to 32 h). Experiments were carried out using (i) the organic polymer w ...
Chemistry Unit 1
... b dissolving 8 g NaOH in 100 mL water in another reagent bottle. c Add universal indicator to the acid and base, and observe the colour change. 2. Take two beakers and place a spatula full of Al2O3 in each of the beakers. 3. Pour the HCl solution (which you prepared) into one of the beakers and NaOH ...
... b dissolving 8 g NaOH in 100 mL water in another reagent bottle. c Add universal indicator to the acid and base, and observe the colour change. 2. Take two beakers and place a spatula full of Al2O3 in each of the beakers. 3. Pour the HCl solution (which you prepared) into one of the beakers and NaOH ...
CALIFORNIA AND OREGON HUMIDITY AND COASTAL FOG
... above and below the inversion, so air parcel origin could greatly influence fog behavior. An investigation using backtrajectories for representative air parcels during each of the two cases is suggested. The one-dimensional model may eventually be useful as a forecast tool to predict the local timin ...
... above and below the inversion, so air parcel origin could greatly influence fog behavior. An investigation using backtrajectories for representative air parcels during each of the two cases is suggested. The one-dimensional model may eventually be useful as a forecast tool to predict the local timin ...
Auger electron spectroscopic study of the oxidation of oxygen-saturated polycrystalline... by Ramazan Kahraman
... involved. For example, if the excitation involves a hole in Is state and this hole is filled by an electron in the 2s state that transfers its excess energy to another electron in the 2p state, then the entire process is labeled KLL. In this notation .the valence states are denoted by the letter V. ...
... involved. For example, if the excitation involves a hole in Is state and this hole is filled by an electron in the 2s state that transfers its excess energy to another electron in the 2p state, then the entire process is labeled KLL. In this notation .the valence states are denoted by the letter V. ...
Engineering metal oxide nanostructures for the
... Metal oxides, amongst their many applications, are an important class of functional materials for chemical and bio sensing. Since the discovery of the sensing properties of these materials, a large variety of metal oxides and their doped variants have been extensively explored for highly sensitive c ...
... Metal oxides, amongst their many applications, are an important class of functional materials for chemical and bio sensing. Since the discovery of the sensing properties of these materials, a large variety of metal oxides and their doped variants have been extensively explored for highly sensitive c ...
Heriot-Watt University Scattering Dynamics of Oxygen Atoms on
... dynamics and the alkyl chain length for the [Cn mim] cation (n = 2, 8, 12) and the tetrafluoroborate, [BF4], anion. Such dynamics probe the relative density of alkyl groups at the ionic liquid surface, and they also reflect the relative smoothness of the surface. We also propose a new method to dist ...
... dynamics and the alkyl chain length for the [Cn mim] cation (n = 2, 8, 12) and the tetrafluoroborate, [BF4], anion. Such dynamics probe the relative density of alkyl groups at the ionic liquid surface, and they also reflect the relative smoothness of the surface. We also propose a new method to dist ...
1 Nano Metal Oxides for Li-Ion Batteries Juchen Guo and
... better. The TiO2(B) nanotubes showed marginally higher lithiation capacity (Li0.98TiO2, 325 mAh g-1 specific capacity) than the nanowires. However, the TiO2(B) nanowires demonstrated better kinetics in spite of lager diameter. As shown in Figure 16.4c, the plateaus of the charge/discharge curves of ...
... better. The TiO2(B) nanotubes showed marginally higher lithiation capacity (Li0.98TiO2, 325 mAh g-1 specific capacity) than the nanowires. However, the TiO2(B) nanowires demonstrated better kinetics in spite of lager diameter. As shown in Figure 16.4c, the plateaus of the charge/discharge curves of ...
Granta Design • CES Edupack 2009 • Durability - CORE
... There are, however, exceptions, notably aluminium, that forms non-protective aluminium hydroxide, Al(OH)3. Resistance to acid and alkali attack is ranked on a 4-point scale from 1 (Unacceptable) to 4 (Excellent resistance). Notes attached to individual environments give more details. See also Durabi ...
... There are, however, exceptions, notably aluminium, that forms non-protective aluminium hydroxide, Al(OH)3. Resistance to acid and alkali attack is ranked on a 4-point scale from 1 (Unacceptable) to 4 (Excellent resistance). Notes attached to individual environments give more details. See also Durabi ...
formula writing and nomenclature of inorganic - Parkway C-2
... III. DETERMINING THE OXIDATION NUMBER OF AN ELEMENT IN A COMPOUND In a chemical compound, some elements exhibit oxidation states other than their most common oxidation state. It is desirable to be able to determine these less common oxidation states as well as to determine which state an element wit ...
... III. DETERMINING THE OXIDATION NUMBER OF AN ELEMENT IN A COMPOUND In a chemical compound, some elements exhibit oxidation states other than their most common oxidation state. It is desirable to be able to determine these less common oxidation states as well as to determine which state an element wit ...
Synthesis of cadmium-doped copper oxide nanoparticles
... and copper oxide (CuO) with different morphologies have also been prepared by several routes, such as thermal oxidation [17], simple solution [18], simple hydrolysis [19], template-based sol–gel [20], and electrochemical [21]. Besides, the hydrothermal [22-26], solvothermal [27, 28] and microwave-hy ...
... and copper oxide (CuO) with different morphologies have also been prepared by several routes, such as thermal oxidation [17], simple solution [18], simple hydrolysis [19], template-based sol–gel [20], and electrochemical [21]. Besides, the hydrothermal [22-26], solvothermal [27, 28] and microwave-hy ...
The d- and f- Block Element Block Elements The d- and f
... regularly as the atomic number increases. They have high enthalpies of atomisation which are shown in Fig. 8.2. The maxima at about the middle of each series indicate that one unpaired electron per d orbital is particularly ...
... regularly as the atomic number increases. They have high enthalpies of atomisation which are shown in Fig. 8.2. The maxima at about the middle of each series indicate that one unpaired electron per d orbital is particularly ...
On the design of advanced metal oxide nanomaterials Lionel
... ambitious challenges, the present review will expose the outcome of a novel general thermodynamic concept of nucleation, growth, and ageing control and an aqueous thin film processing method (i.e. aqueous chemical growth), which are dedicated to the rational low-cost fabrication of advanced metal ox ...
... ambitious challenges, the present review will expose the outcome of a novel general thermodynamic concept of nucleation, growth, and ageing control and an aqueous thin film processing method (i.e. aqueous chemical growth), which are dedicated to the rational low-cost fabrication of advanced metal ox ...
File
... SCH4U b) Determine the oxidation number of the sulfur in the sulfate ion, SO4-2. Remember that the sum of the oxidation numbers must equal the charge of the ion. Step 1: Write All Known Oxidation Numbers Use the symbol N to represent the oxidation number of sulfur in the sulfate. ...
... SCH4U b) Determine the oxidation number of the sulfur in the sulfate ion, SO4-2. Remember that the sum of the oxidation numbers must equal the charge of the ion. Step 1: Write All Known Oxidation Numbers Use the symbol N to represent the oxidation number of sulfur in the sulfate. ...
Mechanochemistry: the varied applications of mechanical bond
... must be differentiated from molecular solid-state chemistry, where contacts between micronized molecular solids are created by the mechanical action for mutual approach of the reacting centers. After an outline of the mechanistic differences, the varied mechanochemistry is discussed. Grinding, milli ...
... must be differentiated from molecular solid-state chemistry, where contacts between micronized molecular solids are created by the mechanical action for mutual approach of the reacting centers. After an outline of the mechanistic differences, the varied mechanochemistry is discussed. Grinding, milli ...
Assigning Oxidation Numbers
... between chemical species. A series of rules have been developed to help us: 1. For free elements (uncombined state), each atom has an oxidation number of zero. H2 , Br2 , Na, Be, K, O2 , P4 , all have oxidation number of 0. ...
... between chemical species. A series of rules have been developed to help us: 1. For free elements (uncombined state), each atom has an oxidation number of zero. H2 , Br2 , Na, Be, K, O2 , P4 , all have oxidation number of 0. ...
1. Introduction
... According to Göpel and Schierbaum [1], 'Chemical sensors are devices which convert a chemical state into an electrical signal'. Although many authors have provided more general or specific definitions for this sort of sensors [2-6], this is probably the simplest one that best fits the purpose of thi ...
... According to Göpel and Schierbaum [1], 'Chemical sensors are devices which convert a chemical state into an electrical signal'. Although many authors have provided more general or specific definitions for this sort of sensors [2-6], this is probably the simplest one that best fits the purpose of thi ...
2014_S4_CHM_NORMAL (ALL)
... 53. Element X (atomic number 11) reacts with element Y (atomic number 16) to form an ionic compound. Each atom of X loses one electron and each atom of Y accepts two electrons to form a compound with formula X2Y. 54. Consider the following information: ...
... 53. Element X (atomic number 11) reacts with element Y (atomic number 16) to form an ionic compound. Each atom of X loses one electron and each atom of Y accepts two electrons to form a compound with formula X2Y. 54. Consider the following information: ...
A comparative study between friction stir welding
... operation due to its complexity and the high level of defect that can be produced in the joint. The main problems are related to the properties of aluminum that is high thermal conductivity, high chemical reactivity with oxygen and high hydrogen solubility at high temperature. All these factors can ...
... operation due to its complexity and the high level of defect that can be produced in the joint. The main problems are related to the properties of aluminum that is high thermal conductivity, high chemical reactivity with oxygen and high hydrogen solubility at high temperature. All these factors can ...
Investigations into the Degradation of PTFE Surface Properties by
... the presence of unexpected chemical elements in the cleaning solutions degrades gaskets anyway, making PTFE inappropriate in any case. Both options are against the general considerations according to which the PTFE would remain inert to all chemical reactants. At the same time, these results clearly ...
... the presence of unexpected chemical elements in the cleaning solutions degrades gaskets anyway, making PTFE inappropriate in any case. Both options are against the general considerations according to which the PTFE would remain inert to all chemical reactants. At the same time, these results clearly ...
Magnesium based ternary metal hydrides containing alkali and
... K. Yvon, B. Bertheville / Journal of Alloys and Compounds xxx (2006) xxx–xxx ...
... K. Yvon, B. Bertheville / Journal of Alloys and Compounds xxx (2006) xxx–xxx ...
Flux (metallurgy)
In metallurgy, a flux (derived from Latin fluxus meaning “flow”) is a chemical cleaning agent, flowing agent, or purifying agent. Fluxes may have more than one function at a time. They are used in both extractive metallurgy and metal joining.Some of the earliest known fluxes were carbonate of soda, potash, charcoal, coke, borax, lime, lead sulfide and certain minerals containing phosphorus. Iron ore was also used as a flux in the smelting of copper. These agents served various functions, the simplest being a reducing agent which prevented oxides from forming on the surface of the molten metal, while others absorbed impurities into the slag which could be scraped off the molten metal.As cleaning agents, fluxes facilitate soldering, brazing, and welding by removing oxidation from the metals to be joined. Common fluxes are: ammonium chloride or rosin for soldering tin; hydrochloric acid and zinc chloride for soldering galvanized iron (and other zinc surfaces); and borax for brazing or braze-welding ferrous metals. In the process of smelting, inorganic chlorides, fluorides (see fluorite), limestone and other materials are designated as ""fluxes"" when added to the contents of a smelting furnace or a cupola for the purpose of purging the metal of chemical impurities such as phosphorus, and of rendering slag more liquid at the smelting temperature. The slag is a liquid mixture of ash, flux, and other impurities. This reduction of slag viscosity with temperature, increasing the flow of slag in smelting, is the original origin of the word flux in metallurgy. Fluxes are also used in foundries for removing impurities from molten nonferrous metals such as aluminum, or for adding desirable trace elements such as titanium.In high-temperature metal joining processes (welding, brazing and soldering), the primary purpose of flux is to prevent oxidation of the base and filler materials. Tin-lead solder (e.g.) attaches very well to copper, but poorly to the various oxides of copper, which form quickly at soldering temperatures. Flux is a substance which is nearly inert at room temperature, but which becomes strongly reducing at elevated temperatures, preventing the formation of metal oxides. Additionally, flux allows solder to flow easily on the working piece rather than forming beads as it would otherwise.The role of a flux in joining processes is typically dual: dissolving of the oxides on the metal surface, which facilitates wetting by molten metal, and acting as an oxygen barrier by coating the hot surface, preventing its oxidation. In some applications molten flux also serves as a heat transfer medium, facilitating heating of the joint by the soldering tool or molten solder.Fluxes for soft soldering are typically of organic nature, though inorganic fluxes, usually based on halogenides and/or acids, are also used in non-electronics applications. Fluxes for brazing operate at significantly higher temperatures and are therefore mostly inorganic; the organic compounds tend to be of supplementary nature.