Biology Study Guide
... Building Vocabulary Match each term with its definition by writing the letter of the correct definition on the line beside the term. ________ 6. Cytoplasm ...
... Building Vocabulary Match each term with its definition by writing the letter of the correct definition on the line beside the term. ________ 6. Cytoplasm ...
1-Bacterial Structure & Genetics
... Fine short filaments extruding from cytoplasmic membrane. Found on the surface of many Gram negative & Gram positive bacteria. Composed of protein Pilin. Two classes: 1- Common pili (fimbriae): covers the surface— responsible for: adhesion & colonization 2- Sex pili : in some bacteria only, responsi ...
... Fine short filaments extruding from cytoplasmic membrane. Found on the surface of many Gram negative & Gram positive bacteria. Composed of protein Pilin. Two classes: 1- Common pili (fimbriae): covers the surface— responsible for: adhesion & colonization 2- Sex pili : in some bacteria only, responsi ...
BIO119 - Copy
... Eubacteria are usually surrounded by a cell wall (_________) that protects the cell from injury and determines its shape. Inside the cell ____ is a cell membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm. Some eubacteria has a second cell membrane that makes them especially resistant to damage. ...
... Eubacteria are usually surrounded by a cell wall (_________) that protects the cell from injury and determines its shape. Inside the cell ____ is a cell membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm. Some eubacteria has a second cell membrane that makes them especially resistant to damage. ...
Lecture 12, Ch. 27
... Nucleoid region (genophore: non-eukaryotic chromosome) Plasmids Asexual reproduction: binary fission (not mitosis) “Sexual” reproduction (not meiosis): transformation~ uptake of genes from surrounding environment conjugation~ direct gene transfer from 1 prokaryote to another transduction~ gene trans ...
... Nucleoid region (genophore: non-eukaryotic chromosome) Plasmids Asexual reproduction: binary fission (not mitosis) “Sexual” reproduction (not meiosis): transformation~ uptake of genes from surrounding environment conjugation~ direct gene transfer from 1 prokaryote to another transduction~ gene trans ...
Pollutant Bacteria on Milk Can be Filtered using Nano
... Milk is a nutrient-rich beverage which is needed by our body to grow and develop. In fact, the nutritionists strongly recommend drinking milk because it has many benefits. Especially to assist the development of bone cells and to minimize the impact of poisoned by heavy metals which enter to our bod ...
... Milk is a nutrient-rich beverage which is needed by our body to grow and develop. In fact, the nutritionists strongly recommend drinking milk because it has many benefits. Especially to assist the development of bone cells and to minimize the impact of poisoned by heavy metals which enter to our bod ...
Enter Topic Title in each section above
... Q. Under what circumstances does a bacterial cell form an endospore? ...
... Q. Under what circumstances does a bacterial cell form an endospore? ...
Chapter 4
... Bacterial spores are formed within the cell and are termed endospores. Endospores may remain viable for centuries or longer, and they are highly resistant to heat, drying, radiation, and chemical disinfectants, including alcohol (Figure 4.7). They can also survive boiling for extended periods. The s ...
... Bacterial spores are formed within the cell and are termed endospores. Endospores may remain viable for centuries or longer, and they are highly resistant to heat, drying, radiation, and chemical disinfectants, including alcohol (Figure 4.7). They can also survive boiling for extended periods. The s ...
3.1 Bacteria and viruses flashcards
... 38) Name the three basic shapes of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria 39) Name the bacterium that causes food poisoning and typhoid fever 40) Name the bacterium that causes the most common sexually transmitted disease in the United States 41) When essential nutrients are depleted, certain gram ...
... 38) Name the three basic shapes of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria 39) Name the bacterium that causes food poisoning and typhoid fever 40) Name the bacterium that causes the most common sexually transmitted disease in the United States 41) When essential nutrients are depleted, certain gram ...
practice: identifying variables - Dr. Vernon-
... An investigator spills dye on a culture plate and notices that the bacteria live despite exposure to sunlight. He decides to test if the dye is protective against ultraviolet light. He exposes one group of culture plates containing bacteria and dye and another group containing only bacteria to UV li ...
... An investigator spills dye on a culture plate and notices that the bacteria live despite exposure to sunlight. He decides to test if the dye is protective against ultraviolet light. He exposes one group of culture plates containing bacteria and dye and another group containing only bacteria to UV li ...
Bacteria Sanitation It is well known just how easily germs and
... are ubiquitous in the environment, we expect that they will be present on almost everything we touch. Sanitization is a chemical process that reduces and even kills germs on surfaces to make them safe for contact. A proper disinfection requires a stronger solution and will destroy nearly all pathoge ...
... are ubiquitous in the environment, we expect that they will be present on almost everything we touch. Sanitization is a chemical process that reduces and even kills germs on surfaces to make them safe for contact. A proper disinfection requires a stronger solution and will destroy nearly all pathoge ...
208 microbiology
... toxins are formed: one is heat-stable and is produced during sporulation causing vomiting; the other is heat-labile and is produced during exponential growth causing diarrhea. 3. Vibr io. The best-known species of the Genus Vibrio is V. cholera, which causes cholera, a severe diarrheal disease resul ...
... toxins are formed: one is heat-stable and is produced during sporulation causing vomiting; the other is heat-labile and is produced during exponential growth causing diarrhea. 3. Vibr io. The best-known species of the Genus Vibrio is V. cholera, which causes cholera, a severe diarrheal disease resul ...
Pathogenesis of Bacterial Infections
... Skin is a major protective barrier Secretions coat mucosal epithelium IgA protease aids survival Acids and enzymes aid in cleansing Infection is dose-related ...
... Skin is a major protective barrier Secretions coat mucosal epithelium IgA protease aids survival Acids and enzymes aid in cleansing Infection is dose-related ...
Domains Kingdom(s)
... Higher levels are the most general and contain a collection of groups Lower levels are more specific. ...
... Higher levels are the most general and contain a collection of groups Lower levels are more specific. ...
Viruses! - nimitz126
... protein coat. The protein coat protects the virus and enables it to invade its host cell. 2. In many viruses, DNA is the genetic material. Other viruses have RNA. 3. Viruses are parasitic and can reproduce only inside the cells of their host. This makes viruses very different from bacteria and proti ...
... protein coat. The protein coat protects the virus and enables it to invade its host cell. 2. In many viruses, DNA is the genetic material. Other viruses have RNA. 3. Viruses are parasitic and can reproduce only inside the cells of their host. This makes viruses very different from bacteria and proti ...
Corynebacterium
... M. tuberculosis divides every 15–20 hours, which is extremely slow compared to other bacteria, which tend to have division times measured in minutes ...
... M. tuberculosis divides every 15–20 hours, which is extremely slow compared to other bacteria, which tend to have division times measured in minutes ...
Routes of Bacterial Infection
... Exotoxin has two disulfide linked chains, a binding chain and a toxin chain. The binding chain interacts with ganglioside receptors on susceptible cells, facilitating internalization of the exotoxin. Inhibitory effect of toxin chain on protein synthesis leads to toxicity. Removal of the binding chai ...
... Exotoxin has two disulfide linked chains, a binding chain and a toxin chain. The binding chain interacts with ganglioside receptors on susceptible cells, facilitating internalization of the exotoxin. Inhibitory effect of toxin chain on protein synthesis leads to toxicity. Removal of the binding chai ...
Evolution of gram-negative bacteria: a view from lipid A biosynthesis
... The lipid-A biosynthesis pathway consists of nine enzymatic steps. The enzymes involved are: LpxA, LpxC, LpxD, LpxH, LpxB, LpxK, WaaA, LpxL, and LpxM. Traditionally bacteria are classified into two major groups as gram-positive and gram-negative based on Gram-staining procedure. Gram-negative bacter ...
... The lipid-A biosynthesis pathway consists of nine enzymatic steps. The enzymes involved are: LpxA, LpxC, LpxD, LpxH, LpxB, LpxK, WaaA, LpxL, and LpxM. Traditionally bacteria are classified into two major groups as gram-positive and gram-negative based on Gram-staining procedure. Gram-negative bacter ...
Legionnaire’s Disease - Newcastle University
... •Legionnaire’s disease, or Legionellosis , is a very severe type of pneumonia. ...
... •Legionnaire’s disease, or Legionellosis , is a very severe type of pneumonia. ...
VIRUS Notes
... takes in DNA from the environment. Dead bacteria may break apart and release DNA. Other bacteria can pick up this DNA and become genetically different. ...
... takes in DNA from the environment. Dead bacteria may break apart and release DNA. Other bacteria can pick up this DNA and become genetically different. ...
Electron Sources
... Nutrient are any substance (compound or molecule) needed by an organism for growth, maintenance, and reproduction. These substances used in biosynthesis and energy production, and thus required for microbial growth. All organisms need a source of energy and carbon There are 3 categories used to defi ...
... Nutrient are any substance (compound or molecule) needed by an organism for growth, maintenance, and reproduction. These substances used in biosynthesis and energy production, and thus required for microbial growth. All organisms need a source of energy and carbon There are 3 categories used to defi ...
A1989U926500001
... various types of bacteria into increasingly smaller fragments. The fragments were isolated, their structure was established, and the “puzzle” was reconstituted, giving rise to the concept of the wall March 14, 1989 peptidoglycan, a term that, following a roundtable discussion that took place in Detr ...
... various types of bacteria into increasingly smaller fragments. The fragments were isolated, their structure was established, and the “puzzle” was reconstituted, giving rise to the concept of the wall March 14, 1989 peptidoglycan, a term that, following a roundtable discussion that took place in Detr ...
Bacteria
Bacteria (/bækˈtɪəriə/; singular: bacterium) constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria have a number of shapes, ranging from spheres to rods and spirals. Bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. Bacteria inhabit soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep portions of Earth's crust. Bacteria also live in symbiotic and parasitic relationships with plants and animals. They are also known to have flourished in manned spacecraft.There are typically 40 million bacterial cells in a gram of soil and a million bacterial cells in a millilitre of fresh water. There are approximately 5×1030 bacteria on Earth, forming a biomass which exceeds that of all plants and animals. Bacteria are vital in recycling nutrients, with many of the stages in nutrient cycles dependent on these organisms, such as the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere and putrefaction. In the biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds, such as hydrogen sulphide and methane, to energy. On 17 March 2013, researchers reported data that suggested bacterial life forms thrive in the Mariana Trench, which with a depth of up to 11 kilometres is the deepest part of the Earth's oceans. Other researchers reported related studies that microbes thrive inside rocks up to 580 metres below the sea floor under 2.6 kilometres of ocean off the coast of the northwestern United States. According to one of the researchers, ""You can find microbes everywhere — they're extremely adaptable to conditions, and survive wherever they are.""Most bacteria have not been characterized, and only about half of the phyla of bacteria have species that can be grown in the laboratory. The study of bacteria is known as bacteriology, a branch of microbiology.There are approximately ten times as many bacterial cells in the human flora as there are human cells in the body, with the largest number of the human flora being in the gut flora, and a large number on the skin. The vast majority of the bacteria in the body are rendered harmless by the protective effects of the immune system, and some are beneficial. However, several species of bacteria are pathogenic and cause infectious diseases, including cholera, syphilis, anthrax, leprosy, and bubonic plague. The most common fatal bacterial diseases are respiratory infections, with tuberculosis alone killing about 2 million people per year, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa. In developed countries, antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections and are also used in farming, making antibiotic resistance a growing problem. In industry, bacteria are important in sewage treatment and the breakdown of oil spills, the production of cheese and yogurt through fermentation, and the recovery of gold, palladium, copper and other metals in the mining sector, as well as in biotechnology, and the manufacture of antibiotics and other chemicals.Once regarded as plants constituting the class Schizomycetes, bacteria are now classified as prokaryotes. Unlike cells of animals and other eukaryotes, bacterial cells do not contain a nucleus and rarely harbour membrane-bound organelles. Although the term bacteria traditionally included all prokaryotes, the scientific classification changed after the discovery in the 1990s that prokaryotes consist of two very different groups of organisms that evolved from an ancient common ancestor. These evolutionary domains are called Bacteria and Archaea.