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History of Meteorology

... Daniel Fahrenheit – temperature scale George Hadley – influence of Earth’s rotation on winds in the tropics Celsius – centigrade temperature scale Ben Franklin – nature of lightning Horace deSaussure – hair hygrometer for measuring humidity Jacques Charles – relationship between temperature and the ...
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... The gas constant for 1 kg of moist air is larger than that for 1 kg of dry air. But the exact value of the gas constant of moist air would depend on the amount of water vapor contained in the air. It is inconvenient to calculate the gas constant for moist air. It is more convenient to retain the gas ...
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... James Espy: The Thermal Theory of Cyclones • James Espy (1830's) proposed a convective or thermal hypothesis of storm origin. • Espy noted that storms are usually associated with clouds and precipitation and thus must be areas of rising motion. He suggested that storms are analogous to huge heat en ...
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Atmospheric convection



Atmospheric convection is the result of a parcel-environment instability, or temperature difference, layer in the atmosphere. Different lapse rates within dry and moist air lead to instability. Mixing of air during the day which expands the height of the planetary boundary layer leads to increased winds, cumulus cloud development, and decreased surface dew points. Moist convection leads to thunderstorm development, which is often responsible for severe weather throughout the world. Special threats from thunderstorms include hail, downbursts, and tornadoes.
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