blood grouping
... Presence or absence of these antigens may help to determine identity or exclude paternity Clinical importance of blood group systems: Derives from the development of antibodies against these antigens a. Autoantibodies (against self antigens) b. Alloantibodies (against foreign antigens) These antibod ...
... Presence or absence of these antigens may help to determine identity or exclude paternity Clinical importance of blood group systems: Derives from the development of antibodies against these antigens a. Autoantibodies (against self antigens) b. Alloantibodies (against foreign antigens) These antibod ...
What is a Disease?
... If the same antigen re-enters the body again the body can produce a large amount of antibodies quickly antibody level becomes high enough to give protection against pathogen ...
... If the same antigen re-enters the body again the body can produce a large amount of antibodies quickly antibody level becomes high enough to give protection against pathogen ...
immunology-hypersensitivity-umit-4-study material
... characteristic wheal and flare appears in a few minutes in positive reaction. It is short-lasting. 2. Conjunctival test: One drop (1:10) diluted antigen when placed in conjunctival sac of one eye, redness of the eye with itching and lacrimation develops in hypersensitive individuals in 5-20 minutes. ...
... characteristic wheal and flare appears in a few minutes in positive reaction. It is short-lasting. 2. Conjunctival test: One drop (1:10) diluted antigen when placed in conjunctival sac of one eye, redness of the eye with itching and lacrimation develops in hypersensitive individuals in 5-20 minutes. ...
Scientific Glossary
... Antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC): A phenomenon in which target cells, coated with antibody, are destroyed by specialized killer cells (NK cells and macrophages), which bear receptors for the Fc portion of the coating antibody (Fc receptors). These receptors allow the killer cell ...
... Antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC): A phenomenon in which target cells, coated with antibody, are destroyed by specialized killer cells (NK cells and macrophages), which bear receptors for the Fc portion of the coating antibody (Fc receptors). These receptors allow the killer cell ...
CYTOKINE AND LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS SMALL GROUPS
... induce immunity, however the BCG vaccine is a live organism and acts as very weak immunogen inducing some resistance to TB. Problems with the skin test will become moot soon. A new test, Quantiferon Gold, is rapidly replacing the skin test. It is much more specific and sensitive and less labor inten ...
... induce immunity, however the BCG vaccine is a live organism and acts as very weak immunogen inducing some resistance to TB. Problems with the skin test will become moot soon. A new test, Quantiferon Gold, is rapidly replacing the skin test. It is much more specific and sensitive and less labor inten ...
Micro 532 Exam 1995
... You have been asked to consult in a clinical diagnostic laboratory. The lab is trying to determine why its new antibody assay system is not accurately detecting protective antibodies in the sera of persons recently exposed to Bonga-Bonga fever virus. This is very frustrating to the laboratory since ...
... You have been asked to consult in a clinical diagnostic laboratory. The lab is trying to determine why its new antibody assay system is not accurately detecting protective antibodies in the sera of persons recently exposed to Bonga-Bonga fever virus. This is very frustrating to the laboratory since ...
Monoclonal Antibodies Treatment for Various Diseases www
... Herceptin is specific for destroying cancer cells in the breast. Treatment procedure that involves Rituxan is very much effective in treating various types of lymphomas, especially Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. ...
... Herceptin is specific for destroying cancer cells in the breast. Treatment procedure that involves Rituxan is very much effective in treating various types of lymphomas, especially Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. ...
Primary immune response
... = part of Ig made of hypervariable regions of VH and VL (hypervariable region – spike of variable region with hypervariable loops of amino acid (AA) sequences; the binding site specificity is determined by AA sequences and both by morphology and shape of the loop) Idiotop – individual and rarely str ...
... = part of Ig made of hypervariable regions of VH and VL (hypervariable region – spike of variable region with hypervariable loops of amino acid (AA) sequences; the binding site specificity is determined by AA sequences and both by morphology and shape of the loop) Idiotop – individual and rarely str ...
DOC - ADAM Interactive Anatomy
... To compare active and passive humoral immunity. Page 3: Antibodies: Introduction The terms antibody, immunoglobulin, and gamma globulin are synonymous. The basic antibody molecule is roughly Y-shaped. It consists of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy chains and two identical light ch ...
... To compare active and passive humoral immunity. Page 3: Antibodies: Introduction The terms antibody, immunoglobulin, and gamma globulin are synonymous. The basic antibody molecule is roughly Y-shaped. It consists of four polypeptide chains: two identical heavy chains and two identical light ch ...
11.1 Defence against infectious disease – summary
... antibodies are made by B-cells / lymphocytes / plasma cells; antigen is engulfed by macrophages; antigen is presented on macrophage membrane; helper T-cells bind to antigen (on macrophage); helper T-cells are activated; helper T-cells activate B-cells; B-cells clone; into plasma cells and memory cel ...
... antibodies are made by B-cells / lymphocytes / plasma cells; antigen is engulfed by macrophages; antigen is presented on macrophage membrane; helper T-cells bind to antigen (on macrophage); helper T-cells are activated; helper T-cells activate B-cells; B-cells clone; into plasma cells and memory cel ...
antibody isotyping Guide - Thermo Fisher Scientific
... positive plasma cells. The precise role of IgG4 is still relatively unknown. ...
... positive plasma cells. The precise role of IgG4 is still relatively unknown. ...
11.1 Immunity Notes - Twanow
... response to various antigens on the surface or one pathogen. Many types of antibodies are produced. ...
... response to various antigens on the surface or one pathogen. Many types of antibodies are produced. ...
T cells - Cal State LA - Instructional Web Server
... T cells recognize digested antigens presented by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) or by ...
... T cells recognize digested antigens presented by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) or by ...
Microbiology bio 123
... b. All immunoglobulins of the same class (there are 5 classes – see next page) have the same amino acid sequence except for the tips of the Y c. These differences of the tips provide for the selection of a specific antigen. 4. How the antibodies work: a. Antitoxin (antibodies against toxins) b. Aggl ...
... b. All immunoglobulins of the same class (there are 5 classes – see next page) have the same amino acid sequence except for the tips of the Y c. These differences of the tips provide for the selection of a specific antigen. 4. How the antibodies work: a. Antitoxin (antibodies against toxins) b. Aggl ...
Functions of the Immune System
... Among this group, the tumors developed slowly. In AIDS patients, the cancer can develop quickly. The cancer may also involve the skin, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and other organs. ...
... Among this group, the tumors developed slowly. In AIDS patients, the cancer can develop quickly. The cancer may also involve the skin, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and other organs. ...
Slide Presentation (Powerpoint)
... •Can block fusion(neutralizing) if antibody (Ab) binds to fusion protein such as gp41 of HIV. •Can effect clearance of virus if it binds the virus and then binds Fc receptors on monocytes and macrophages. •Can also bind complement and kill enveloped viruses. •Most effective if they are present at th ...
... •Can block fusion(neutralizing) if antibody (Ab) binds to fusion protein such as gp41 of HIV. •Can effect clearance of virus if it binds the virus and then binds Fc receptors on monocytes and macrophages. •Can also bind complement and kill enveloped viruses. •Most effective if they are present at th ...
Understanding Lupus and Auto-Immune Diseases
... 1. How does the immune system protect from disease? a. T cells devour bacteria and viruses b. B cells produce antibodies c. Tears, saliva, skin, stomach acid prevent entry 2. How do doctors use the immune response to protect you from disease? a. They administer vaccines which result in antibody prod ...
... 1. How does the immune system protect from disease? a. T cells devour bacteria and viruses b. B cells produce antibodies c. Tears, saliva, skin, stomach acid prevent entry 2. How do doctors use the immune response to protect you from disease? a. They administer vaccines which result in antibody prod ...
Biomolecular chemistry 5. What proteins do: catalysts and binders
... • Immunoglobulin G is a member of a class of blood plasma proteins known as globulins. Immunoglobulin is important in the immune response as we will see in the following slides. • In the illustration on the right, an HIV surface protein is the antigen that is inducing the immune response. It is unde ...
... • Immunoglobulin G is a member of a class of blood plasma proteins known as globulins. Immunoglobulin is important in the immune response as we will see in the following slides. • In the illustration on the right, an HIV surface protein is the antigen that is inducing the immune response. It is unde ...
Lymphatic System
... • Large protein • Minimum of two binding sites which combine with antigens • Also known as “immunoglobulins” ...
... • Large protein • Minimum of two binding sites which combine with antigens • Also known as “immunoglobulins” ...
Immune System - World of Teaching
... Plasma cells produce antibodies that deactivate pathogen. Memory T and Memory B cells remain in the body to speed up the response if the same antigen reappears. Supressor T-Cells stop the immune response when all antigens ...
... Plasma cells produce antibodies that deactivate pathogen. Memory T and Memory B cells remain in the body to speed up the response if the same antigen reappears. Supressor T-Cells stop the immune response when all antigens ...
PPT 23
... using virus from infected cattle. Formaldehyde inactivation in the presence of aluminium hydroxide gel. Waldmann type vaccine production was further improved by the work of Frenkel (1947). Suspensions of the epithelial cells were prepared from the tongues of healthy cattle, maintained and infected i ...
... using virus from infected cattle. Formaldehyde inactivation in the presence of aluminium hydroxide gel. Waldmann type vaccine production was further improved by the work of Frenkel (1947). Suspensions of the epithelial cells were prepared from the tongues of healthy cattle, maintained and infected i ...
Document
... • Has the capability of activating 1%-10% of peripheral T cells • Exposure to a SAg can lead to massive T cell activation ...
... • Has the capability of activating 1%-10% of peripheral T cells • Exposure to a SAg can lead to massive T cell activation ...
Lecture 5: Antigen Recognition by B Cell Receptors
... After T-cell-dependent Activation, B cells Undergo Rounds of Mutation and Selection That Generates High Affinity Memory B Cells ...
... After T-cell-dependent Activation, B cells Undergo Rounds of Mutation and Selection That Generates High Affinity Memory B Cells ...
Document
... Abs can be fragmented to study properties of different regions protease yields: Fc (crystalizable) region -- “Fc Receptors” Fab (antigen binding) region ...
... Abs can be fragmented to study properties of different regions protease yields: Fc (crystalizable) region -- “Fc Receptors” Fab (antigen binding) region ...
ELISA
The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (/ɨˈlaɪzə/, /ˌiːˈlaɪzə/) is a test that uses antibodies and color change to identify a substance.ELISA is a popular format of ""wet-lab"" type analytic biochemistry assay that uses a solid-phase enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to detect the presence of a substance, usually an antigen, in a liquid sample or wet sample.The ELISA has been used as a diagnostic tool in medicine and plant pathology, as well as a quality-control check in various industries.Antigens from the sample are attached to a surface. Then, a further specific antibody is applied over the surface so it can bind to the antigen. This antibody is linked to an enzyme, and, in the final step, a substance containing the enzyme's substrate is added. The subsequent reaction produces a detectable signal, most commonly a color change in the substrate.Performing an ELISA involves at least one antibody with specificity for a particular antigen. The sample with an unknown amount of antigen is immobilized on a solid support (usually a polystyrene microtiter plate) either non-specifically (via adsorption to the surface) or specifically (via capture by another antibody specific to the same antigen, in a ""sandwich"" ELISA). After the antigen is immobilized, the detection antibody is added, forming a complex with the antigen. The detection antibody can be covalently linked to an enzyme, or can itself be detected by a secondary antibody that is linked to an enzyme through bioconjugation. Between each step, the plate is typically washed with a mild detergent solution to remove any proteins or antibodies that are non-specifically bound. After the final wash step, the plate is developed by adding an enzymatic substrate to produce a visible signal, which indicates the quantity of antigen in the sample.Of note, ELISA can perform other forms of ligand binding assays instead of strictly ""immuno"" assays, though the name carried the original ""immuno"" because of the common use and history of development of this method. The technique essentially requires any ligating reagent that can be immobilized on the solid phase along with a detection reagent that will bind specifically and use an enzyme to generate a signal that can be properly quantified. In between the washes, only the ligand and its specific binding counterparts remain specifically bound or ""immunosorbed"" by antigen-antibody interactions to the solid phase, while the nonspecific or unbound components are washed away. Unlike other spectrophotometric wet lab assay formats where the same reaction well (e.g. a cuvette) can be reused after washing, the ELISA plates have the reaction products immunosorbed on the solid phase which is part of the plate, and so are not easily reusable.