Prokaryotes: The First Life on Earth
... This material is made freely available at www.njctl.org and is intended for the non-commercial use of students and teachers. These materials may not be used for any commercial purpose without the written permission of the owners. NJCTL maintains its website for the convenience of teachers who wish t ...
... This material is made freely available at www.njctl.org and is intended for the non-commercial use of students and teachers. These materials may not be used for any commercial purpose without the written permission of the owners. NJCTL maintains its website for the convenience of teachers who wish t ...
Viruses
... Many cell divisions produce a large population of bacteria infected with the prophage. ...
... Many cell divisions produce a large population of bacteria infected with the prophage. ...
Ever since the days of Rene Descartes, the French philosopher
... resistance to antibiotics such as ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline or kanamycin, etc., are considered useful selectable markers for E. coli. The normal E. coli cells do not carry resistance against any of these antibiotics. (iii) Cloning sites: In order to link the alien DNA, the vector nee ...
... resistance to antibiotics such as ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline or kanamycin, etc., are considered useful selectable markers for E. coli. The normal E. coli cells do not carry resistance against any of these antibiotics. (iii) Cloning sites: In order to link the alien DNA, the vector nee ...
Isolation of the b-tubulin Gene From Yeast and Demonstration of its Essential Function in vivo.
... 1.6-kb Eco RI DNA fragment in pRB119 does not complement, and therefore seems not to contain, the entire coding region for the fl-tubulin gene. In order to test complementation, a 4.1-kb Barn HI fragment which spans the 1.6.kb Eco RI fragment was cloned into a yeast vector (pRB166; constructed by C. ...
... 1.6-kb Eco RI DNA fragment in pRB119 does not complement, and therefore seems not to contain, the entire coding region for the fl-tubulin gene. In order to test complementation, a 4.1-kb Barn HI fragment which spans the 1.6.kb Eco RI fragment was cloned into a yeast vector (pRB166; constructed by C. ...
The Endo-β-1,4-Glucanase of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Is
... intercellularly or intracellularly without causing any apparent damage or disruption to the plant’s homeostasis [14]. Endophytic bacteria help promote plant growth by inducing the production of plant hormones, such as auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellins, and providing nutrients, such as nitrogen an ...
... intercellularly or intracellularly without causing any apparent damage or disruption to the plant’s homeostasis [14]. Endophytic bacteria help promote plant growth by inducing the production of plant hormones, such as auxins, cytokinins, and gibberellins, and providing nutrients, such as nitrogen an ...
Plant Molecular Biology
... To obtain hybrid nodD genes by in vivo recombination we have constructed the plasmids pMP600 and pMP800 (Fig.lB) as described in Materials and methods. These plasmids of the IncP class contain the nodD gene of R. trifolii strain ANU843 and the nodD1 gene o f R . meliloti strain 2011 located in tande ...
... To obtain hybrid nodD genes by in vivo recombination we have constructed the plasmids pMP600 and pMP800 (Fig.lB) as described in Materials and methods. These plasmids of the IncP class contain the nodD gene of R. trifolii strain ANU843 and the nodD1 gene o f R . meliloti strain 2011 located in tande ...
One Shot PIR1 and PIR2 - Thermo Fisher Scientific
... We recommend that you test the transformation efficiency of the competent cells contained in the One Shot® Kit. This can be accomplished by using the supercoiled pUC19 plasmid supplied with the kit as described below. • Prepare LB agar plates containing 100 µg/ml ampicillin • Transform 1 µl (10 pg) ...
... We recommend that you test the transformation efficiency of the competent cells contained in the One Shot® Kit. This can be accomplished by using the supercoiled pUC19 plasmid supplied with the kit as described below. • Prepare LB agar plates containing 100 µg/ml ampicillin • Transform 1 µl (10 pg) ...
Application title: Cloning genes for expression in AAV vectors for
... Our aim is to utilise rAAV vectors for gene transfer or gene targeting to various organs for the production of recombinant proteins in bodily fluids for use in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease. Gene transfer involves the extra-chromosomal expression of a gene expression construct t ...
... Our aim is to utilise rAAV vectors for gene transfer or gene targeting to various organs for the production of recombinant proteins in bodily fluids for use in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease. Gene transfer involves the extra-chromosomal expression of a gene expression construct t ...
DNA shuffling by random fragmentation and reassembly: In
... The whole 2.7-kb plasmids containing these same LacZmarkers were also efficiently reassembled from random 100to 200-bp fragments. For reassembly of fragments derived from whole plasmids the theoretical end point is a single, large concatemeric molecule. As expected, concatemers of >20 kb were obtain ...
... The whole 2.7-kb plasmids containing these same LacZmarkers were also efficiently reassembled from random 100to 200-bp fragments. For reassembly of fragments derived from whole plasmids the theoretical end point is a single, large concatemeric molecule. As expected, concatemers of >20 kb were obtain ...
File - Molecular Biology 2
... Modern cloning vectors contain a cluster of unique restriction sites called a polylinker or a multiple cloning site (Figure 1.2). Many cloning vectors are modified versions of plasmids, the extra-chromosomal, double-stranded circular molecules of DNA present in bacteria. Plasmids range from about 1 ...
... Modern cloning vectors contain a cluster of unique restriction sites called a polylinker or a multiple cloning site (Figure 1.2). Many cloning vectors are modified versions of plasmids, the extra-chromosomal, double-stranded circular molecules of DNA present in bacteria. Plasmids range from about 1 ...
Biology Prokaryotes: The First Life on Earth
... Plasmids contain genes for adaptations like resistance against antibiotics, making a sex-pilus (F-pilus), making toxins, and guarding against heavy metal toxicity. ...
... Plasmids contain genes for adaptations like resistance against antibiotics, making a sex-pilus (F-pilus), making toxins, and guarding against heavy metal toxicity. ...
Southern Blot Analysis of Plasmids pRIT4501 and - RIT
... support, and challenging it with a small, labeled, single-stranded DNA (probe) under conditions that promote hybridization. If the probe sequence is found within the target DNA, the probe will bind to its complementary sequence on the support. All that is left is to detect probe binding. Probe is us ...
... support, and challenging it with a small, labeled, single-stranded DNA (probe) under conditions that promote hybridization. If the probe sequence is found within the target DNA, the probe will bind to its complementary sequence on the support. All that is left is to detect probe binding. Probe is us ...
Recombinant DNA Technology
... 5. Yeast Artificial Chromosomes as Vectors Plasmid Vectors Plasmids are circular, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) molecules that are separate from a cell’s chromosomal DNA. These extra chromosomal DNAs, which occur naturally in bacteria and in lower eukaryotic cells (e.g., yeast), exist in a parasit ...
... 5. Yeast Artificial Chromosomes as Vectors Plasmid Vectors Plasmids are circular, double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) molecules that are separate from a cell’s chromosomal DNA. These extra chromosomal DNAs, which occur naturally in bacteria and in lower eukaryotic cells (e.g., yeast), exist in a parasit ...
Chapter 9
... are both cut with the same restriction enzyme. The plasmid has the genes for lactose hydrolysis (the lacZ gene encodes the enzyme β-galactosidase) and ampicillin ...
... are both cut with the same restriction enzyme. The plasmid has the genes for lactose hydrolysis (the lacZ gene encodes the enzyme β-galactosidase) and ampicillin ...
1 Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Reactivities of Metal
... Assuming 100% purity of product, 1 mM solutions of each complex in 100% methanol were produced and further diluted to 10 µM. These were scanned with a Varian 50 Bio UV-visible spectrophotometer at a medium scan rate (600 nm/min) from 200 nm to 800 nm (Suppl. 1) Additionally, the solid product was an ...
... Assuming 100% purity of product, 1 mM solutions of each complex in 100% methanol were produced and further diluted to 10 µM. These were scanned with a Varian 50 Bio UV-visible spectrophotometer at a medium scan rate (600 nm/min) from 200 nm to 800 nm (Suppl. 1) Additionally, the solid product was an ...
Yeast as a Model Genetic Organism
... When diploid budding yeast are starved of nutrients, they can undergo meiosis to generate four haploid spores (Figures 1 and 2). Spores are more resistant to the environment than are vegetatively dividing cells. The four spores of a single meiosis are held together in an ascus, or tetrad, surrounded ...
... When diploid budding yeast are starved of nutrients, they can undergo meiosis to generate four haploid spores (Figures 1 and 2). Spores are more resistant to the environment than are vegetatively dividing cells. The four spores of a single meiosis are held together in an ascus, or tetrad, surrounded ...
Plant Molecular Biology
... of nod boxes. The size and position of nodM, N was based on the sequence published by Surin and Downie [22]. The dotted lines around nodT indicate the presumptive borders of this gene. The nodT gene has not yet been sequenced. - , no nodules occurred within four weeks after inoculation; - * , delaye ...
... of nod boxes. The size and position of nodM, N was based on the sequence published by Surin and Downie [22]. The dotted lines around nodT indicate the presumptive borders of this gene. The nodT gene has not yet been sequenced. - , no nodules occurred within four weeks after inoculation; - * , delaye ...
1. Would any of your project ideas raise safety issues in
... used auxotroph bacteria to achieve a multiple symbiotic system. The effect is that one colony is not able to live independently in the in the system of symbiosis. http://2011.igem.org/Team:OUC-China As for the selection of strains, we suggest that each iGEM team replace pathogenic strains with non-p ...
... used auxotroph bacteria to achieve a multiple symbiotic system. The effect is that one colony is not able to live independently in the in the system of symbiosis. http://2011.igem.org/Team:OUC-China As for the selection of strains, we suggest that each iGEM team replace pathogenic strains with non-p ...
Abstract
... Genomic DNA Isolation The goal of this lab was to isolate the genomic DNA in the Tetrahymena in order to use as a template later on in lab. First, we pipetted about 1.4 microliters of the culture from the Tetrahymena to a tube in order to centrifuge them. We spun them for one minute and then removed ...
... Genomic DNA Isolation The goal of this lab was to isolate the genomic DNA in the Tetrahymena in order to use as a template later on in lab. First, we pipetted about 1.4 microliters of the culture from the Tetrahymena to a tube in order to centrifuge them. We spun them for one minute and then removed ...
High Frequency of Recombination (Hfr)
... ...bacteria exhibiting a high frequency of recombination, – an alteration DNA sequence such that the genotype of subsequent individuals differs from the parent, ...
... ...bacteria exhibiting a high frequency of recombination, – an alteration DNA sequence such that the genotype of subsequent individuals differs from the parent, ...
High Frequency of Recombination (Hfr)
... ...bacteria exhibiting a high frequency of recombination, – an alteration DNA sequence such that the genotype of subsequent individuals differs from the parent, ...
... ...bacteria exhibiting a high frequency of recombination, – an alteration DNA sequence such that the genotype of subsequent individuals differs from the parent, ...
what is galls
... translational machinery. Some of the salient features of crown gall disease were reviewed by Nester et al. (1984), and a review concerning T-DNA transfer was presented by Gelvin (2003(.******* So Agrobacterium tumefacience is one of the transgenic organism witch contains genes foreign to its own gen ...
... translational machinery. Some of the salient features of crown gall disease were reviewed by Nester et al. (1984), and a review concerning T-DNA transfer was presented by Gelvin (2003(.******* So Agrobacterium tumefacience is one of the transgenic organism witch contains genes foreign to its own gen ...
Construction of Recombinant Expression Vectors to Study the Effect
... Additional problems beyond expression may arise when the physical characteristics of heterologous proteins are not compatible with the prokaryotic system. For example, many proteins require post-translational modification such as glycosylation and disulfide cross-linking in order to remain soluble a ...
... Additional problems beyond expression may arise when the physical characteristics of heterologous proteins are not compatible with the prokaryotic system. For example, many proteins require post-translational modification such as glycosylation and disulfide cross-linking in order to remain soluble a ...
BIL 250 – Genetics Krempels – Summer 2015 Study Guide for Exam I
... This study guide is no more than a checklist of what you should know for the exam. It is not a substitute for attending class or reading the lecture notes and text. Exam I will consist of 50 multiple choice questions. You can expect to solve some problems. You may use a simple calculator, but no pho ...
... This study guide is no more than a checklist of what you should know for the exam. It is not a substitute for attending class or reading the lecture notes and text. Exam I will consist of 50 multiple choice questions. You can expect to solve some problems. You may use a simple calculator, but no pho ...
Plasmid
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A plasmid is a small DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from a chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently. They are most commonly found in bacteria as small, circular, double-stranded DNA molecules; however, plasmids are sometimes present in archaea and eukaryotic organisms. In nature, plasmids often carry genes that may benefit the survival of the organism, for example antibiotic resistance. While the chromosomes are big and contain all the essential information for living, plasmids usually are very small and contain only additional information. Artificial plasmids are widely used as vectors in molecular cloning, serving to drive the replication of recombinant DNA sequences within host organisms.Plasmids are considered replicons, a unit of DNA capable of replicating autonomously within a suitable host. However, plasmids, like viruses, are not generally classified as life. Plasmids can be transmitted from one bacterium to another (even of another species) via three main mechanisms: transformation, transduction, and conjugation. This host-to-host transfer of genetic material is called horizontal gene transfer, and plasmids can be considered part of the mobilome. Unlike viruses (which encase their genetic material in a protective protein coat called a capsid), plasmids are ""naked"" DNA and do not encode genes necessary to encase the genetic material for transfer to a new host. However, some classes of plasmids encode the conjugative ""sex"" pilus necessary for their own transfer. The size of the plasmid varies from 1 to over 200 kbp, and the number of identical plasmids in a single cell can range anywhere from one to thousands under some circumstances.The relationship between microbes and plasmid DNA is neither parasitic nor mutualistic, because each implies the presence of an independent species living in a detrimental or commensal state with the host organism. Rather, plasmids provide a mechanism for horizontal gene transfer within a population of microbes and typically provide a selective advantage under a given environmental state. Plasmids may carry genes that provide resistance to naturally occurring antibiotics in a competitive environmental niche, or the proteins produced may act as toxins under similar circumstances, or allow the organism to utilize particular organic compounds that would be advantageous when nutrients are scarce.