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Stomata and Gas Exchange
Stomata and Gas Exchange

... (Table 7.3). Crassulacean acid metabolism has been discussed in detail by Kluge and Ting (1978), Osmond (1978), and Ting (1985). Mechanism of Stomatal Opening and Closing The opening of stomata requires an increase in turgor of guard cells while closing requires a decrease in turgor. Although explan ...
Weed Identification Poster
Weed Identification Poster

... Description: African boxthorn is a declared Class 2 pest plant under Queensland State legislation. It produces a dense thicket armed with spines that can form an impenetrable barrier to domestic stock. African boxthorn is a perennial shrub up to 5 m in height with a deep and extensive branched root ...
Slides - USA National Phenology Network
Slides - USA National Phenology Network

... LoriAnne Barnett Education Coordinator @LoriAnneBarnett ...
English
English

... The arrangement of leaves and buds can be used as a basis for separation. Leaves and buds directly across from each other on the stem are called opposite.  Leaves and buds that are spaced in alternating fashion along the axis of the stem and seldom, if ever, are seated directly across from each oth ...
Growing Beyond Earth: Experimental Plants
Growing Beyond Earth: Experimental Plants

... Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia. Its earliest culinary history appears to be in ancient Egypt, but it is now an important part of regional cuisine in parts of Africa and the Middle East. This species is also called “jute,” the name for its strong fibers that are used to make rope. 30 day edi ...
The Seed Plants
The Seed Plants

... Late in Devonian, some plants developed secondary growth – Thickened woody stems of xylem – The first species with secondary growth were progymnosperms  seedless vascular plants, now extinct ...
Saskatchewan Invasive Plant Species Identification Guide
Saskatchewan Invasive Plant Species Identification Guide

... time to identify that plant that looks out of place, you’ve never seen before, or has suspiciously shown up. It could save you or your neighbours time and money in the long run! ...
common plant identification list
common plant identification list

... roots may arise from the stem well above its base. alternate Of leaves: arising singly, at intervals on alternating sides of the stem. annual Living for only a single growing season, therefore dependent on seeds for growth the next year. apex End or tip of an elongated structure such as a root or st ...
Next Question
Next Question

... • This structure is made of protective cells and is found at the very tip of a root ...
Oak Woodland Section - County of Santa Barbara
Oak Woodland Section - County of Santa Barbara

... Poison Oak Facts • Poison oak leaves grow in groups of three. ...
Plant Sale 2014 Pics
Plant Sale 2014 Pics

... This bush has the most beautiful foliage you'll ever see! The new leaves on the top of each branch are a lovely purple-red which contrast with the small scarlet blooms, which attract small butterflies and other pollinators, and the large bright green seed pods. The leaves shine in the sun and it wil ...
Peltanthera Peltanthera
Peltanthera Peltanthera

... Penstemon clutei ...
Tissue systems
Tissue systems

... different plant cells (Page 13) • Sections must be VERY thin to allow light to pass through • Use toluidine blue to increase contrast • With a fresh section, use phloroglucinol to see lignified areas of the tissues • Follow instructions for staining in manual, and take notes to answer questions on h ...
Leaves - Seneca High School
Leaves - Seneca High School

... Leaves are alternate; simple; toothed; may lack petioles Stems are erect; 4 to 20 inches long; smooth; simple or branching above Flowers are small, white, with 4 petals forming at the ends of the branches in racemes which lengthen greatly at maturity; seed pod is flat, circular, deeply notched at th ...
Leaves
Leaves

... Leaves are oblanceolate; toothed or pinnately parted, with short petioles along branches and forming rosette at base; upper leaves become reduced, sessile, and often entire Stems are smooth; erect; branched; 1 to 6 feet tall Flowers are bright blue or purple, sometimes white; ray flowers 1 to 1 1/2 ...
Common Species in GTA and Niagara and Common Invasive Species
Common Species in GTA and Niagara and Common Invasive Species

... Teasel Dipsacus fullonum Leaves: opposite, simple, first year of growth leaves form a rosette, long leaves with prickles and teeth, second year of growth stems are upright and can be up to 2m high Flowers: oval shaped flowers with prickly bristles, white near bottome and light to deep purple, mature ...
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide
Nevada Noxious Weed Field Guide

... oval to lance-shaped with smooth, toothed or lobed edges (margins) Stem leaves are alternate and deeply pinnate-lobed; lower leaves are larger than upper leaves; edges are covered with short, stiff hairs ...
UJP 14371 (Rs)
UJP 14371 (Rs)

... Leaflet is dorsi-ventral type & differentiated into upper palisade parenchyma and lower mesophyll tissue. Epidermis single layered both upper and lower epidermis interrupted by paracytic stomata. Transverse section through midrib shows large vascular bundle present at the centre. (Plate no- 4 A, A1) ...
wild flower guide - the Town of Poland, ME
wild flower guide - the Town of Poland, ME

... ideal for family use. Wildlife is abundant in this natural habitat. The hiker will traverse a stream, enjoy gentle slopes, see varied vegetation and flowers. The forest is comprised of pine, birch, ash, red oak and hemlock trees. The largest hemlock tree in Poland is located here adjacent to one of ...
Common Florida Roadside Sunflowers
Common Florida Roadside Sunflowers

... Stem: Tall and slender, about 0.50 inches diameter at its base and 0.13 inches at the top where flowering begins. Smooth or with few hairs. Usually no functioning leaves at the base when flowering. Leaf Type: Mostly opposite, sometimes alternate. Lance-elliptic shaped, entire or irregularly toothed, ...
Penn State New Kensington Nature Trail: Arboretum
Penn State New Kensington Nature Trail: Arboretum

... diameter, and a smooth, even bark. It has a characteristic growth pattern of basal branches that spread  laterally into an arching, dome‐like form. It can grow twenty to thirty feet tall and its leaves are oval shaped  and are three to five inches long and one to two inches wide. Witch hazel is most ...
Test it all
Test it all

... Nutrient Rich Areas • Short internodes ...
Tomato, capsicum, chilli and eggplant - A field guide for the
Tomato, capsicum, chilli and eggplant - A field guide for the

... Cause/favoured by: Various conditions, including: • periods of very fast fruit growth with high temperature and moisture levels • initial fruit growth during a dry period followed by heavy rain or irrigation during ripening • overpruning or lack of leaf cover for fruit • wide fluctuations in day ...
here! - Mason Street Farm
here! - Mason Street Farm

... gray-green, with pale green flecks and prominent ribs. Big, large-leafed training vines with only about half the yield of hybrids, but much better flavor; clearly better textured, nutty, and delicious, raw or cooked. Also a good producer of heavy male blossom buds for cooking. Blossoms bear a mild, ...
Bull Thistle Cirsium vulgare
Bull Thistle Cirsium vulgare

... Description: Bull thistle is a biennial that may reach five feet in height. It forms a rosette of spiny toothed leaves the first year and bolts to maturity the second year. The basal leaves may be up to one foot in length. These leaves are lance shaped and deeply lobed with spines on the tips. The u ...
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Leaf



A leaf is an organ of a vascular plant and is the principal lateral appendage of the stem. The leaves and stem together form the shoot. Foliage is a mass noun that refers to leaves collectively.Typically a leaf is a thin, dorsiventrally flattened organ, borne above ground and specialized for photosynthesis. Most leaves have distinctive upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) surfaces that differ in colour, hairiness, the number of stomata (pores that intake and output gases) and other features. In most plant species, leaves are broad and flat. Such species are referred to as broad-leaved plants. Many gymnosperm species have thin needle-like leaves that can be advantageous in cold climates frequented by snow and frost. Leaves can also have other shapes and forms such as the scales in certain species of conifers. Some leaves are not above ground (such as bulb scales). Succulent plants often have thick juicy leaves, but some leaves are without major photosynthetic function and may be dead at maturity, as in some cataphylls, and spines). Furthermore, several kinds of leaf-like structures found in vascular plants are not totally homologous with them. Examples include flattened plant stems (called phylloclades and cladodes), and phyllodes (flattened leaf stems), both of which differ from leaves in their structure and origin. Many structures of non-vascular plants, and even of some lichens, which are not plants at all (in the sense of being members of the kingdom Plantae), look and function much like leaves. The primary site of photosynthesis in most leaves (palisade mesophyll) almost always occurs on the upper side of the blade or lamina of the leaf but in some species, including the mature foliage of Eucalyptus palisade occurs on both sides and the leaves are said to be isobilateral.
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