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Goethe`s Metamorphosis of Plants and modern
Goethe`s Metamorphosis of Plants and modern

... the expressive title “The Metamorphosis of Flowers” they refer to Goethe’s assumption, that the flower is a transformed vegetative plant. “All flowers, which are developing from the buds, are to be looked at as if they were growing on the mother plant, in the way the mother plant is growing on the e ...
anatomy of flowering plants
anatomy of flowering plants

... small intercellular spaces. The parenchyma performs various functions like photosynthesis, storage, secretion. ...
Some Newfoundland Wild Flowers
Some Newfoundland Wild Flowers

... Acer Campestre.---A small tree with rugged corky bark full of deep cracks. Can be distinguished by the winged lobes of the fruit. Leaves turn a brilliant red in autumn. Acer Rubrum.—Red Maple. A small tree with reddish twigs. Leaves vary greatly in shape, turning red in autumn. Leguminosae (Pea Fami ...
AIM - ncert
AIM - ncert

... for various life processes. It is of two types, namely (i) aerobic respiration that takes place in the presence of oxygen, and (ii) anaerobic respiration that takes place in the absence of oxygen. In aerobic respiration the breakdown of food (glucose) leads to the release of carbon dioxide gas, wate ...
canopy trees - Village of Riverwoods
canopy trees - Village of Riverwoods

... some have large leaves, some are deeply lobed, some are not. Most keep their leaves through winter. Grows on sandy soils and heavy clay soils, frequently with bur oak. Fully grown Hill's Oaks are smaller in stature than other oaks. Can be used for screening by leaving it low branched. Requires full ...
Kingdom Plantae - Toronto District Christian High School
Kingdom Plantae - Toronto District Christian High School

... Club Mosses (Lycopodophytes) The lycopodophytes, or club mosses, that we see today are mostly small evergreen plants that grow in dense mats on moist temperate and tropical forest floors. Extinct club mosses, however, were prominent members of Earth’s forests for 40 million years. They formed trees ...
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File

... excellent for banks and slopes ...
January 2016-Vol.2 No.1 - Piedmont Master Gardeners
January 2016-Vol.2 No.1 - Piedmont Master Gardeners

... inferior ovary and two to four branched or twisted stigmas. These tropical perennials are generally treated as house plants. A few exceptions include wax-type begonias which are widely used as annual bedding plants in summer gardens, and a hardy variety, which can survive winters as cold as those ex ...
Insect Pests of Herbaceous Plants
Insect Pests of Herbaceous Plants

... • Adults are larger and brighter green than any other Agrilus spp. (e.g., Bronze birch borer) • Slender, elongate, 0.3 – 0.5” long, metallic green • Larvae feed (mine) in cambial area of ash (green, white, black, blue, velvet, pumpkin) ...
Backyard Pest Management in Alberta
Backyard Pest Management in Alberta

... affected. Pests such as caterpillars, beetles, slugs and other large pests can be easily removed by hand when infestations are low. Also, removing forest tent caterpillar egg bands on trees in the fall or early spring will reduce the problem the following year. Another effective way to control insec ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... Endodermis Figure 28.8 ...
BSc.- I Biotech - DAV College Jalandhar
BSc.- I Biotech - DAV College Jalandhar

... Department of Botany, DAV College, Jalandhar (PB.) ...
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... Note dominance of grasslands/savannahs ( ) and croplands ( ) which are mainly planted in grasses. Members of the Poaceae dominate the land surface. ...
Plant Parts We Eat Michigan Agriscience Education For Elementary Students
Plant Parts We Eat Michigan Agriscience Education For Elementary Students

... 1. Bring an assortment of root, stem, fruit and seed vegetables to class. Ask students to identify the vegetables one by one. Ask if anyone has ever eaten any of the vegetables. Which ones are their favorites? Ask students to sort the veggies in piles according to which part we eat, the root, the se ...
7. Jaya Sree S., Vijayakumar N., Suseela Gomathi K., Mary Helen P. A.
7. Jaya Sree S., Vijayakumar N., Suseela Gomathi K., Mary Helen P. A.

... stress, fevers, pains and infections (National Research Council, 1992). For a long period of time, plants have been a valuable source of natural products for maintaining human health. The use of plant extracts and phytochemicals, both with known antimicrobial properties, can be of great significance ...
Field Techniques Used by Missouri Botanical Garden
Field Techniques Used by Missouri Botanical Garden

... material is available, the sheet can often be improved by adding extra sterile material. Since the objective of a good specimen is to provide in a convenient form an adequate representation of a plant, one should always include the full range of characters exhibited by the plant, including such thin ...
Uncorrelated evolution of leaf and petal venation patterns across the
Uncorrelated evolution of leaf and petal venation patterns across the

... Early angiosperm evolution, beginning approximately 140 million years ago, saw many innovations that enabled flowering plants to alter ecosystems globally. These included the development of novel, flower-based pollinator attraction mechanisms and the development of increased water transport capacity ...
Bryophytes and Ferns
Bryophytes and Ferns

... walls of the cells usually are not strictly at right angles to the other walls. Note, also, the "buds" that are developing along some of the threads. These buds become new "leafy" gametophyte plants. Some may already have rootlike rhizoids at their bases. Rhizoids are only one cell thick; they may a ...
Common burdock (Arctium minus): a common weed of non
Common burdock (Arctium minus): a common weed of non

... leaves are alternate, oval-shaped (elliptical), with short hairs, wrinkled between the veins and bitter tasting. Leaves gradually become smaller than the basal leaves, less heart-shaped and attenuated at both ends as their location progresses up towards the head of the stem. Additionally, their peti ...
carbon dioxide
carbon dioxide

... undergo at night? What gas will it use? What gas will it produce? respiration oxygen ...
Main pests of oak forests in South East Europe
Main pests of oak forests in South East Europe

... Oak decline and main pests on trunks: Oak decline is a complex problem caused by a combination of insects, pathogens and other agents (such as droughts) which act together to cause serious stress to the trees. The first symptom observed on a declining tree is the deterioration of the foliage. Leaves ...
Uncorrelated evolution of leaf and petal venation patterns across the
Uncorrelated evolution of leaf and petal venation patterns across the

... Early angiosperm evolution, beginning approximately 140 million years ago, saw many innovations that enabled flowering plants to alter ecosystems globally. These included the development of novel, flower-based pollinator attraction mechanisms and the development of increased water transport capacity ...
Herbs for Harris County - Texas AgriLife Extension Service
Herbs for Harris County - Texas AgriLife Extension Service

... herb garden. It requires excellent drainage and does not hold up well to heat, humidity and heavy rains. Give it a partly shady location. Lavender (Annuals and Perennials) English lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) grows to 2 feet, is bushy and full. It is not easily grown in our humidity, but, if it ...
Toxicodendron radicans
Toxicodendron radicans

... Form: Poison Ivy can take upon different forms. It can be an erect upright shrub, a sprawling or trailing vine, or a thick climbing vine. These vines do not twine around other objects. The vines and the shrubs make ideal Bird (Class Aves) nesting habitats. Height: Its height is variable. The shrub m ...
ECHOcommunity.org
ECHOcommunity.org

... pressure. The oil of Roselle seed is extracted and used for cooking (in Chad, Tanzania and China). However, the seed oil is claimed to contain some toxic substances and may be better used in the soap and cosmetics industries. The leaves are a source of mucilage used in pharmacy and cosmetics. Extrac ...
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Leaf



A leaf is an organ of a vascular plant and is the principal lateral appendage of the stem. The leaves and stem together form the shoot. Foliage is a mass noun that refers to leaves collectively.Typically a leaf is a thin, dorsiventrally flattened organ, borne above ground and specialized for photosynthesis. Most leaves have distinctive upper (adaxial) and lower (abaxial) surfaces that differ in colour, hairiness, the number of stomata (pores that intake and output gases) and other features. In most plant species, leaves are broad and flat. Such species are referred to as broad-leaved plants. Many gymnosperm species have thin needle-like leaves that can be advantageous in cold climates frequented by snow and frost. Leaves can also have other shapes and forms such as the scales in certain species of conifers. Some leaves are not above ground (such as bulb scales). Succulent plants often have thick juicy leaves, but some leaves are without major photosynthetic function and may be dead at maturity, as in some cataphylls, and spines). Furthermore, several kinds of leaf-like structures found in vascular plants are not totally homologous with them. Examples include flattened plant stems (called phylloclades and cladodes), and phyllodes (flattened leaf stems), both of which differ from leaves in their structure and origin. Many structures of non-vascular plants, and even of some lichens, which are not plants at all (in the sense of being members of the kingdom Plantae), look and function much like leaves. The primary site of photosynthesis in most leaves (palisade mesophyll) almost always occurs on the upper side of the blade or lamina of the leaf but in some species, including the mature foliage of Eucalyptus palisade occurs on both sides and the leaves are said to be isobilateral.
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