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Plant species identification using digital morphometrics: A review
Plant species identification using digital morphometrics: A review

... distinguish between some species, other species may have very similar leaf shapes to each other, but have different coloured leaves. No single feature, or kind of feature, may be sufficient to separate all the categories, making feature selection a challenging problem. Besides these botany-specific is ...
Crop ProfilesCrop Profile for Bananas in American Samoa
Crop ProfilesCrop Profile for Bananas in American Samoa

... are not recommended by the extension service. Not only does it increase competition for nutrients between plants, it raises the humidity under the canopy and can enhance the severity of black leaf streak disease. It also inhibits mist blower application of fungicides against this disease. Hand clear ...
Euphorbia lathyris L., GOPHER PLANT, CAPER SPURGE. Biennial
Euphorbia lathyris L., GOPHER PLANT, CAPER SPURGE. Biennial

... on drying becoming minutely bumpy, with spongy wall, elastically dehiscing along septa and chambers into 6 dry valves (some valve-pairs remaining attached at base) and expelling seeds. Seed: with fleshy appendage (caruncle), oblong, 4−7 × 3.2−4.5 mm, brown, with oblique flat spot below caruncle, sur ...


... Plants also lose water through the stoma. So, stoma are usually closed during the hottest part of the day so they don’t lose so much water. Plants only use about 10% of the water they absorb from the Earth. The rest is released into the atmosphere through ...
Ploidy-Mediated Reduced Segregation Facilitates
Ploidy-Mediated Reduced Segregation Facilitates

... cultivation is desirable for commercial cultivation. Although, apomixis is known to be naturally occurring in some 400 wild species from approximately 40 plant families, including various grasses (Ozias-Atkins and van Dijk 2007), the apomictic breeding system is rare in medicinal and aromatic plants ...
Principles of Biology Lake Tahoe Community College
Principles of Biology Lake Tahoe Community College

... g. pollen grain then germinates to form a pollen tube that grows toward the ovary h. pollen tube secretes enzymes that partially break down transmitting tissue cells, making it easier for pollen tubes to grow C. The female organs of the flower are the Gynoecium 1. in its simplest from, the gynoecium ...
African Desert Life
African Desert Life

... “Wait-a-Minute Bush” because its cat’s claw-shaped thorns may catch on your clothing, and you must wait while you remove them. Acacias are members of the pea family. There are many other pea family trees in our area, including mesquite and Palo Verde. Plants not only contain water, but also lose it ...
Hardy Geranium `Biokovo`
Hardy Geranium `Biokovo`

... contrasting deep- pink center stamens, which dance with the breezes. Buds look like little balloons stained deep pink and chartreuse. A long flowering period, May to July, with occasional later season flowers, if spent flowers removed. Lemon-scented lobed rounded 3” leaves. Attractive all season, bu ...
Chapter 4: Plant Reproduction
Chapter 4: Plant Reproduction

... called fronds. They grow from an underground stem called a rhizome. Roots that anchor the plant and absorb water and nutrients also grow from the rhizome. Fern sporophytes make their own food by photosynthesis. Fern spores are produced in structures called sori (singular, sorus), usually located on ...
the adaptable Word resource
the adaptable Word resource

... Plant reproduction – pollination and fertilisation Pollination is when pollen is transferred from the anther of a flower to the stigma. Some flowers are wind pollinated whilst others are adapted to be pollinated by insects. The structure of pollen produced by wind pollinated plants is different to ...
Echinacea laevigata - Georgia DNR
Echinacea laevigata - Georgia DNR

... stellata), and blackjack oak (Quercus marilandica). Historically, smooth coneflower probably occurred in prairies and savannas maintained by Native American burning, large animal grazing, and lightning-set fires. Life History: Smooth coneflower is a perennial herb that reproduces primarily by sexual ...
a beginner`s guide to the plants of kimberley and surrounds
a beginner`s guide to the plants of kimberley and surrounds

... detail about the animal life is given in the Beginner’s Guide on animals mentioned above. The natural environment of Magersfontein is a good example of an unique ecosystem that is only found around Kimberley and Windsorton. In this ecosystem, some plant species are only associated with the dolerite ...
Plant reproduction – pollination and fertilisation
Plant reproduction – pollination and fertilisation

... Plant reproduction – pollination and fertilisation Pollination is when pollen is transferred from the anther of a flower to the stigma. Some flowers are wind pollinated whilst others are adapted to be pollinated by insects. The structure of pollen produced by wind pollinated plants is different to ...
The Petunia hybrida Ortholog of Arabidopsis
The Petunia hybrida Ortholog of Arabidopsis

... ovules, called funiculi. This so-called late expression is thought to be responsible for SUP function in the morphogenesis of ovules. This function of SUP in ovule development also can be regarded as a control of cell division. In angiosperms, the number of organs in each floral whorl and their arra ...
Angiosperms sustain us—and add spice to our diets
Angiosperms sustain us—and add spice to our diets

... Fungi have many practical uses for humans ...
Annual Plant List for the South Plains
Annual Plant List for the South Plains

... Also do well in partial shade 6-36 in. tall ...
garden area - Nashville Zoo
garden area - Nashville Zoo

... lore was also mixed with religious practice and until 500 BC illnesses were treated both with herbal medicines and religious ritual. Then developed cultures such as the Greeks, lead by Hippocrates, and Chinese began to consider illnesses as physical and not spiritual in nature. One of the more compr ...
Structured Questions
Structured Questions

... Each organism is given a scientific name according to the naming system binomial nomenclature. Explain the meaning of ‘binomial ...
GrowerFacts
GrowerFacts

... when grown under proper daylength. Tidal Wave plants will take longer to flower when grown in cooler conditions. Light Keep light levels as high as possible while maintaining moderate temperatures. Fertilizer Tidal Wave petunias require more fertilizer than is usually recommended for petunias. For b ...
Purple-stemmed Aster (Symphyotrichum puniceum)
Purple-stemmed Aster (Symphyotrichum puniceum)

... Asters have distinct purple stems, this is not true of all of them. Asters are very challenging to identify and distinguish between, often having very subtle distinguishing features. Further adding the confusion, conflicting common names and frequent species hybridization make the identification of ...
Baby Tears Stonecrop
Baby Tears Stonecrop

... the ends of the stems from late spring to early summer. The flowers are excellent for cutting. It's attractive small succulent oval leaves remain grayish green in colour throughout the year. The fruit is not ornamentally significant. The creamy white stems can be quite attractive. Landscape Attribut ...
- SEC Area 8 Pathfinders
- SEC Area 8 Pathfinders

... Three major characteristics separate the grass family from all other plant families: 1. the flowers lack petals and are borne between bracts in a leafless inflorescence; 2. the leaves are flat, long and slender, and form a sheath around the stem; 3. the stems are round, generally hollow, and somewha ...
Carlson/Lapina
Carlson/Lapina

... rarely branched with woolly hairs leaves divided 2-3 times into narrow segments flowerheads small (3/8” across) with 5 white to pink ray flowers and cream colored disc flowers numerous flowerheads in round, flat-topped clusters ...
Wonderful Wampee Yarrow
Wonderful Wampee Yarrow

... Wonderful Wampee Yarrow is blanketed in stunning pink flat-top flowers at the ends of the stems from early to late summer. The flowers are excellent for cutting. It's attractive tomentose ferny leaves remain grayish green in colour throughout the season. The fruit is not ornamentally significant. ...
Cultural Information for:
Cultural Information for:

... a soil that is high in organic matter with good aeration and drainage. Ideally, the soil should be free of disease-causing organisms with a pH between 5.5 and 6.5. Planting: Spacing ranges from 8-10 plants per square foot /85-110 per square meter depending on light levels. Irrigate the seedling with ...
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Plant evolutionary developmental biology



Evolutionary developmental biology (evo-devo) refers to the study of developmental programs and patterns from an evolutionary perspective. It seeks to understand the various influences shaping the form and nature of life on the planet. Evo-devo arose as a separate branch of science rather recently. An early sign of this occurred in 1999.Most of the synthesis in evo-devo has been in the field of animal evolution, one reason being the presence of elegant model systems like Drosophila melanogaster, C. elegans, zebrafish and Xenopus laevis. However, in the past couple of decades, a wealth of information on plant morphology, coupled with modern molecular techniques has helped shed light on the conserved and unique developmental patterns in the plant kingdom also.
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