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... Mafic or Felsic? 4 The continental crust is mostly made of felsic rocks, but the rock from which magma comes is mostly mafic. How come? Felsic minerals tends to separate from mafic minerals and rise above them in three ways (refer to page 4): (1) Partial Melting. As a rock gets hotter, felsic minera ...
... Mafic or Felsic? 4 The continental crust is mostly made of felsic rocks, but the rock from which magma comes is mostly mafic. How come? Felsic minerals tends to separate from mafic minerals and rise above them in three ways (refer to page 4): (1) Partial Melting. As a rock gets hotter, felsic minera ...
UNCONFORMITY
... The Togo Units lie immediately to the east of the Buem Formation. It is called the Akwapimian in Ghana and the Atacorian or Atacora Unit in Togo and Benin. It occupies an irregular 5-50 km wide strip bordered on the west by thrust contacts against the Buem Formation, on the east by thrust contacts w ...
... The Togo Units lie immediately to the east of the Buem Formation. It is called the Akwapimian in Ghana and the Atacorian or Atacora Unit in Togo and Benin. It occupies an irregular 5-50 km wide strip bordered on the west by thrust contacts against the Buem Formation, on the east by thrust contacts w ...
Geological Society of America Bulletin
... The structural thickness of the Rand schist is unknown. Radiogenic isotopic data from Neogene volcanic rocks of the western Mojave Desert region indicate a lack of continental lithosphere mantle beneath the ;30-kmthick crust (Miller et al., 2000). Radiogenic and stable isotopic data of western Mojav ...
... The structural thickness of the Rand schist is unknown. Radiogenic isotopic data from Neogene volcanic rocks of the western Mojave Desert region indicate a lack of continental lithosphere mantle beneath the ;30-kmthick crust (Miller et al., 2000). Radiogenic and stable isotopic data of western Mojav ...
The Tectonostratigraphy and Structural Evolution of the Sitas Area
... typical Middle Allochthon in that it is dominated by metasedimentary rocks rather than granitic mylonites. Just to the south of the Sitas area, the proportion of granitic mylonite in the Storriten Complex increases and the proportion of metasediment decreases. Kautsky (1953), Bjorklund (1985) and B. ...
... typical Middle Allochthon in that it is dominated by metasedimentary rocks rather than granitic mylonites. Just to the south of the Sitas area, the proportion of granitic mylonite in the Storriten Complex increases and the proportion of metasediment decreases. Kautsky (1953), Bjorklund (1985) and B. ...
The stratigraphic succession of Ghana
... shallow-water origin, probably fluviatile, and they contain fragments of Birimian rocks. They could have been deposited in separate elongate basins as molassic facies derived from erosion of the Birimian, during later stages of the Eburnian orogeny. In Ghana, there is in places a strong angular unco ...
... shallow-water origin, probably fluviatile, and they contain fragments of Birimian rocks. They could have been deposited in separate elongate basins as molassic facies derived from erosion of the Birimian, during later stages of the Eburnian orogeny. In Ghana, there is in places a strong angular unco ...
Introduction: Anatomy of rifting: Tectonics and magmatism in
... (England, 1983; Parsons, 1995). The Basin and Range is characterized by a broad zone of stretching in the deeper lithosphere (Huismans and Beaumont, 2008; Moschetti et al., 2010), while most of the crustal deformation occurs in the peripheral zone with minor deformation across the central part of th ...
... (England, 1983; Parsons, 1995). The Basin and Range is characterized by a broad zone of stretching in the deeper lithosphere (Huismans and Beaumont, 2008; Moschetti et al., 2010), while most of the crustal deformation occurs in the peripheral zone with minor deformation across the central part of th ...
Origins of the lower crustal reflectivity in the L¨utzow
... lower crustal depths were obtained by modeling the later phases of teleseismic receiver functions observed at Syowa Station (39◦ E, 69◦ S), in the LHC. The later phases around 10–16 s from P onset in radial components are explained by assuming a layered lower crustal model with velocity changes of 0 ...
... lower crustal depths were obtained by modeling the later phases of teleseismic receiver functions observed at Syowa Station (39◦ E, 69◦ S), in the LHC. The later phases around 10–16 s from P onset in radial components are explained by assuming a layered lower crustal model with velocity changes of 0 ...
global tectonic cycles Temporal relations between mineral deposits
... whereas deposits related to intra-cratonic settings and mantle-driven igneous events, such as Ni–Cu– PGE deposits, lack a clear association. The episodic distribution of deposits tied to the supercontinent cycle is accentuated by selective preservation and biasing of rock units and events during sup ...
... whereas deposits related to intra-cratonic settings and mantle-driven igneous events, such as Ni–Cu– PGE deposits, lack a clear association. The episodic distribution of deposits tied to the supercontinent cycle is accentuated by selective preservation and biasing of rock units and events during sup ...
Volcanoes and Igneous Activity Earth
... The transition of one rock into another by temperatures and/or pressures unlike those in which it formed Metamorphic rocks are produced from • Igneous rocks- Rocks formed from cooled Lava • Sedimentary rocks –Rocks formed from sediment piling on top of more sediment and forming rocks • Other metamor ...
... The transition of one rock into another by temperatures and/or pressures unlike those in which it formed Metamorphic rocks are produced from • Igneous rocks- Rocks formed from cooled Lava • Sedimentary rocks –Rocks formed from sediment piling on top of more sediment and forming rocks • Other metamor ...
Earth`s crust deformations in geosynclines
... arc is not more than 600 km, the total horizontal dim en sion of the system could hardly exceed 300-500 km. As from other sources we must suppose the speed to be at least a few cm per year, it is unlikely th at sucb a current could continue for the whole period of an active geosyncline which persist ...
... arc is not more than 600 km, the total horizontal dim en sion of the system could hardly exceed 300-500 km. As from other sources we must suppose the speed to be at least a few cm per year, it is unlikely th at sucb a current could continue for the whole period of an active geosyncline which persist ...
Temporal relations between mineral deposits and global tectonic
... whereas deposits related to intra-cratonic settings and mantle-driven igneous events, such as Ni–Cu– PGE deposits, lack a clear association. The episodic distribution of deposits tied to the supercontinent cycle is accentuated by selective preservation and biasing of rock units and events during sup ...
... whereas deposits related to intra-cratonic settings and mantle-driven igneous events, such as Ni–Cu– PGE deposits, lack a clear association. The episodic distribution of deposits tied to the supercontinent cycle is accentuated by selective preservation and biasing of rock units and events during sup ...
CHAPTER 2 GEOLOGIC INVESTIGATIONS IN WESTERN SAUDI
... of approximately 22 t Au and 28 t Ag. Records of exploration by SAMS include field reports in the form of letters to SAMS’s management, and drilling and sampling assay results. Many of the documents are carbon copies of typed originals, and are typically fragile and fading. Activity at this time in ...
... of approximately 22 t Au and 28 t Ag. Records of exploration by SAMS include field reports in the form of letters to SAMS’s management, and drilling and sampling assay results. Many of the documents are carbon copies of typed originals, and are typically fragile and fading. Activity at this time in ...
Geology 134A – Arizona Field Course, May 2002
... and diagrams that have been reproduced for you, under the threat of copyright arrest and protracted intellectual torture (drive-by insults). California harbors a rich though recent history by comparison to areas of the east coast of the United States. According to Chamberlain (1977), the conquests o ...
... and diagrams that have been reproduced for you, under the threat of copyright arrest and protracted intellectual torture (drive-by insults). California harbors a rich though recent history by comparison to areas of the east coast of the United States. According to Chamberlain (1977), the conquests o ...
1551903 b853 - Institutionen för geovetenskaper
... performed. Schist and amphibolite samples were taken and brought back to University of Gothenburg, department of Earth Science in Sweden for analyses by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA‐ICPMS) and petrography using thin sections a ...
... performed. Schist and amphibolite samples were taken and brought back to University of Gothenburg, department of Earth Science in Sweden for analyses by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA‐ICPMS) and petrography using thin sections a ...
Chapter 11—Late Paleozoic Events
... built during the latter part of Late Paleozoic when Gondwanaland and Laurussia were assembled into Pangaea. This was mainly the result of Gondwanaland’s northern motion causing the two continents to join near the Late Paleozoic equator. 2. The Alleghenian and Hercynian orogenies occurred at about th ...
... built during the latter part of Late Paleozoic when Gondwanaland and Laurussia were assembled into Pangaea. This was mainly the result of Gondwanaland’s northern motion causing the two continents to join near the Late Paleozoic equator. 2. The Alleghenian and Hercynian orogenies occurred at about th ...
GEOLOGICAL STUDIES AND DEFINITION OF THE TALLY POND
... unit of black graphitic shale mJlange that extends from Victoria Lake north to the Burnt Pond area. The southern margin of the group is marked by the Rogerson Lake Conglomerate, a regionally extensive unit that unconformably overlies the Tally Pond group and extends at least 125 km from the Burgeo H ...
... unit of black graphitic shale mJlange that extends from Victoria Lake north to the Burnt Pond area. The southern margin of the group is marked by the Rogerson Lake Conglomerate, a regionally extensive unit that unconformably overlies the Tally Pond group and extends at least 125 km from the Burgeo H ...
Unconformable and cross-cutting relationships indicate major
... pre-rift offset is clearly defined by the 37 km dextral separation between east-west-striking belts of alternating metasedimentary and granitic rocks with distinctive, correlative ductile folds of Proterozoic age (Montgomery, 1963). Grambling et al. (1989) determined relatively uniform metamorphic eq ...
... pre-rift offset is clearly defined by the 37 km dextral separation between east-west-striking belts of alternating metasedimentary and granitic rocks with distinctive, correlative ductile folds of Proterozoic age (Montgomery, 1963). Grambling et al. (1989) determined relatively uniform metamorphic eq ...
Igneous Petrology
... Magma: a mixture of a melt (predominantly silicate) ± crystals ± volatiles which occurs at depths and has the ability to migrate to shallower levels where it either crystallizes at depth giving rise to igneous intrusions, or erupts at the surface to form volcanic rocks. The magma occur in ...
... Magma: a mixture of a melt (predominantly silicate) ± crystals ± volatiles which occurs at depths and has the ability to migrate to shallower levels where it either crystallizes at depth giving rise to igneous intrusions, or erupts at the surface to form volcanic rocks. The magma occur in ...
accepted manuscript
... ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Unit contains many intrusions situated in Ordovician-Permian calc-alkaline basalts, andesites, rhyolites that are interbedded with clastic sediments and carbonates (Zuo et ...
... ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT Unit contains many intrusions situated in Ordovician-Permian calc-alkaline basalts, andesites, rhyolites that are interbedded with clastic sediments and carbonates (Zuo et ...
Copyright © 2004, The Geological Society of America, Inc
... A speculative model on the North America Cordillera in the Early Cretaceous western British Columbia were accreted in either Middle Jurassic or Early Cretaceous time (Monger et al., 1982; Thorkelson and Smith, 1989; Monger et al., 1994). Many terranes in the Klamath Mountains and Sierra Nevada were ...
... A speculative model on the North America Cordillera in the Early Cretaceous western British Columbia were accreted in either Middle Jurassic or Early Cretaceous time (Monger et al., 1982; Thorkelson and Smith, 1989; Monger et al., 1994). Many terranes in the Klamath Mountains and Sierra Nevada were ...
Baltica in the Cryogenian, 850–630 Ma
... Baltica’s northeastern and eastern regions document episodic intracratonic rifting throughout the Mesoproterozoic, followed by pericontinental passive margin deposition throughout the Cryogenian. In the northeast platformal and deeper-water basin deposits are preserved, whereas the eastern region wa ...
... Baltica’s northeastern and eastern regions document episodic intracratonic rifting throughout the Mesoproterozoic, followed by pericontinental passive margin deposition throughout the Cryogenian. In the northeast platformal and deeper-water basin deposits are preserved, whereas the eastern region wa ...
Sedimentary Rocks
... from the concentration of ions in water. These include rocks such as limestone and various salts such as Halite (NaCl), Sylvite (KCl), Gypsum (CaSO4), etc. The salts usually indicate periods of massive evaporation of aqueous environments. 2. Clastic Sedimentary Rocks are formed from the accumulation ...
... from the concentration of ions in water. These include rocks such as limestone and various salts such as Halite (NaCl), Sylvite (KCl), Gypsum (CaSO4), etc. The salts usually indicate periods of massive evaporation of aqueous environments. 2. Clastic Sedimentary Rocks are formed from the accumulation ...
3 Types of Metamorphism
... • Rocks are metamorphosed over large areas that are the size of many states or even several countries ...
... • Rocks are metamorphosed over large areas that are the size of many states or even several countries ...
accepted manuscript
... the vast Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt that has shaped the southern Eurasian margin following India's indentation into Tibet (Molnar and Tapponier, 1975), eventually leading to extrusion tectonics in SE Asia (Replumaz et al., 2004). Such a drastic change in topography has also fundamentally influen ...
... the vast Alpine-Himalayan orogenic belt that has shaped the southern Eurasian margin following India's indentation into Tibet (Molnar and Tapponier, 1975), eventually leading to extrusion tectonics in SE Asia (Replumaz et al., 2004). Such a drastic change in topography has also fundamentally influen ...
suprastrcuture of the metamorphic terrains in south bulgaria
... University of Mining and Geology “St. Ivan Rilski”, 1700 Sofia; [email protected] ABSTRACT. In Rhodope, Strandja and Sakar regions are exposed metamorphic rocks of different age and deformation history. Traditionally until the beginning of the eighties, these rocks were interpreted as a polymetamorphic ...
... University of Mining and Geology “St. Ivan Rilski”, 1700 Sofia; [email protected] ABSTRACT. In Rhodope, Strandja and Sakar regions are exposed metamorphic rocks of different age and deformation history. Traditionally until the beginning of the eighties, these rocks were interpreted as a polymetamorphic ...
Great Lakes tectonic zone
The Great Lakes tectonic zone is bounded by South Dakota at its tip and heads northeast to south of Duluth, Minnesota, then heads east through northern Wisconsin, Marquette, Michigan, and then trends more northeasterly to skim the northern-most shores of lakes Michigan and Huron before ending in the Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, area.During the Late Archean Era the Algoman orogeny added landmass to the Superior province by volcanic activity and continental collision along a boundary that stretches from present-day South Dakota, U.S., into the Lake Huron region near Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.This crustal boundary is the Great Lakes tectonic zone. It is 1,400 km (870 mi) long, and separates the older Archean gneissic terrane to the south from younger Late Archean greenstone-granite terrane to the north.The zone is characterized by active compression during the Algoman orogeny (about 2,700 million years ago), a pulling-apart (extensional) tectonics (2,450 to 2,100 million years ago), a second compression during the Penokean orogeny (1,900 to 1,850 million years ago), a second extension during Middle Proterozoic time (1,600 million years ago) and minor reactivation during Phanerozoic time (the past 500 million years).Collision began along the Great Lakes tectonic zone (GLTZ) with the Algoman mountain-building event and continued for tens of millions of years. During the formation of the GLTZ, the gneissic Minnesota River Valley subprovince was thrust up onto the Superior province's edge as it consumed the Superior province's oceanic crust. Fragmentation of the Kenorland supercontinent began 2,450 million years ago and was completed by 2,100 million years ago. The Wyoming province is the continental landmass that is hypothesized to have rifted away from the southern Superior province portion of Kenorland, before moving rapidly west and docking with the Laurentia supercontinent 1,850 to 1,715 million years ago. Sedimentation from the GLTZ-rifting environment continued into the Penokean orogeny, which is the next major tectonic event in the Great Lakes region. Several earthquakes have been documented in Minnesota, Michigan's Upper Peninsula and Sudbury in the last 120 years along the GLTZ.