turkish association of petroleum geologists the geological field guide
... Devonian pelagic limestones and Lower Carboniferous (Tournasian) black radiolarian cherts. The sequence finishes with thick Lower Carboniferous (Visean) siliciclastic turbidites (N. Okay et al., 2011; Özgül, 2012). The Paleozoic sequence was deformed during the Late Carboniferous and was intruded by ...
... Devonian pelagic limestones and Lower Carboniferous (Tournasian) black radiolarian cherts. The sequence finishes with thick Lower Carboniferous (Visean) siliciclastic turbidites (N. Okay et al., 2011; Özgül, 2012). The Paleozoic sequence was deformed during the Late Carboniferous and was intruded by ...
Fault zone fluids and seismicity in compressional and extensional environments
... to near-vertical orientation at middle-upper crustal depths is interpreted to occur as fluids cross the brittle-ductile transition during uplift, and approach the surface through induced hydrofractures. The central South Island is relatively weak in seismicity compared to its more subduction-related ...
... to near-vertical orientation at middle-upper crustal depths is interpreted to occur as fluids cross the brittle-ductile transition during uplift, and approach the surface through induced hydrofractures. The central South Island is relatively weak in seismicity compared to its more subduction-related ...
GEOLOGY OF THE KÜTAHYA-BOLKARDAĞ BELT Abstract
... been formed. A third phase paragenesis that represented by actinolite and white mica formation overprints HP/LT metamorphic paragenesis. The same paragenesis is observed in diabase dikes that intersects Göktepe Metamorphics. The last two phases are considered as a product of Alpine HP/LT metamorphis ...
... been formed. A third phase paragenesis that represented by actinolite and white mica formation overprints HP/LT metamorphic paragenesis. The same paragenesis is observed in diabase dikes that intersects Göktepe Metamorphics. The last two phases are considered as a product of Alpine HP/LT metamorphis ...
Metamorphic Rock Textures
... alignment of sheet silicate minerals and/or compositional and mineralogical layering in the rock. Most foliation is caused by the preferred orientation of phylosilicates, like clay minerals, micas, and chlorite. Preferred orientation develops as a result of non-hydrostatic or differential stress act ...
... alignment of sheet silicate minerals and/or compositional and mineralogical layering in the rock. Most foliation is caused by the preferred orientation of phylosilicates, like clay minerals, micas, and chlorite. Preferred orientation develops as a result of non-hydrostatic or differential stress act ...
Convergence and Collision
... overriding plate can include either oceanic crust or continental crust, but a downgoing plate can include only oceanic crust, because continental crust is too buoyant to subduct. Exactly how the subduction process begins along a given convergent plate boundary remains somewhat of a mystery. Possibly ...
... overriding plate can include either oceanic crust or continental crust, but a downgoing plate can include only oceanic crust, because continental crust is too buoyant to subduct. Exactly how the subduction process begins along a given convergent plate boundary remains somewhat of a mystery. Possibly ...
Accreted oceanic terranes in Ecuador: Southern edge of the
... Syn-accretion deposits. The San Juan terrane is tectonically associated with a fine- to medium-grained turbiditic series of a lithic and feldspathic arenites of Early Maastrichtian age (Yunguilla Fm, Bristow & Hoffstetter 1977; Jaillard et al. 2004; Fig. 2, right), sourced both by volcanic and cryst ...
... Syn-accretion deposits. The San Juan terrane is tectonically associated with a fine- to medium-grained turbiditic series of a lithic and feldspathic arenites of Early Maastrichtian age (Yunguilla Fm, Bristow & Hoffstetter 1977; Jaillard et al. 2004; Fig. 2, right), sourced both by volcanic and cryst ...
Igneous rocks
... Earth’s crust, and extrusive rocks form on Earth’s surface. Extrusive rocks, which cool more rapidly than intrusive rocks, are generally more fine grained. • Magma is a slushy mix of molten rock, gases, and mineral crystals. The elements found in magma are the same major elements found in Earth’s cr ...
... Earth’s crust, and extrusive rocks form on Earth’s surface. Extrusive rocks, which cool more rapidly than intrusive rocks, are generally more fine grained. • Magma is a slushy mix of molten rock, gases, and mineral crystals. The elements found in magma are the same major elements found in Earth’s cr ...
- Lake Fenton Community School District
... Earth’s crust, and extrusive rocks form on Earth’s surface. Extrusive rocks, which cool more rapidly than intrusive rocks, are generally more fine grained. • Magma is a slushy mix of molten rock, gases, and mineral crystals. The elements found in magma are the same major elements found in Earth’s cr ...
... Earth’s crust, and extrusive rocks form on Earth’s surface. Extrusive rocks, which cool more rapidly than intrusive rocks, are generally more fine grained. • Magma is a slushy mix of molten rock, gases, and mineral crystals. The elements found in magma are the same major elements found in Earth’s cr ...
No plume beneath Iceland
... activity variable, low amplitude (few 100 m) & localised. • 54 Ma uplift associated with igneous activity distant from proposed plume, high amplitude (up to 1 km) & widespread. • Time between onset and peak uplift for both igneous phases probably << 1 Myr. • Uplift history complex & not satisfactori ...
... activity variable, low amplitude (few 100 m) & localised. • 54 Ma uplift associated with igneous activity distant from proposed plume, high amplitude (up to 1 km) & widespread. • Time between onset and peak uplift for both igneous phases probably << 1 Myr. • Uplift history complex & not satisfactori ...
Chapter 11 SEDIMENTARY BASINS
... bodies, like channel sandstones. This has obvious advantages in petroleum exploration. Regionally, paleocurrent directions can help establish paleoslope and source of sediment supply to the basin. 5.3 You have already heard about a lot of the features that can be used to establish paleocurrent direc ...
... bodies, like channel sandstones. This has obvious advantages in petroleum exploration. Regionally, paleocurrent directions can help establish paleoslope and source of sediment supply to the basin. 5.3 You have already heard about a lot of the features that can be used to establish paleocurrent direc ...
Sedimentary Rocks and the Rock Cycle
... than larger grains. Sorting will generally improve with the constant or persistent moving of particles, and thus can indicate if particles were transported over a long distance or for a long time period. Sorting can also indicate selective transport of a particular grain size. Rounding is a good ind ...
... than larger grains. Sorting will generally improve with the constant or persistent moving of particles, and thus can indicate if particles were transported over a long distance or for a long time period. Sorting can also indicate selective transport of a particular grain size. Rounding is a good ind ...
The reflection seismic survey of project TIPTEQ—the inventory of the
... within the subduction channel is derived from trench deposits, off scrapings from the base of the upper plate by tectonic erosion, or from the top of the downgoing plate at depth. Following this concept we expect the subduction channel and the transition zone to be highly reflective, as material her ...
... within the subduction channel is derived from trench deposits, off scrapings from the base of the upper plate by tectonic erosion, or from the top of the downgoing plate at depth. Following this concept we expect the subduction channel and the transition zone to be highly reflective, as material her ...
Lithospheric Removal as aTrigger for Flood
... et al., 2003), indicating that the ‘flood basalts’ began erupting almost simultaneously over this vast territory, and that this event occurred within a relatively short time span, at a calculated eruption rate of 1·66 km3/ka (Ferrari et al., 2000). Although these magmatic volumes and eruption rates ...
... et al., 2003), indicating that the ‘flood basalts’ began erupting almost simultaneously over this vast territory, and that this event occurred within a relatively short time span, at a calculated eruption rate of 1·66 km3/ka (Ferrari et al., 2000). Although these magmatic volumes and eruption rates ...
Physical volcanology of continental large igneous provinces: update
... common, expression of LIP events along continental margins, the large volumes of easily erodible primary volcaniclastic deposits result in these provinces also having a significant sedimentary signature in the geologic record. The inter-relationships between flood basalt lavas and volcaniclastic dep ...
... common, expression of LIP events along continental margins, the large volumes of easily erodible primary volcaniclastic deposits result in these provinces also having a significant sedimentary signature in the geologic record. The inter-relationships between flood basalt lavas and volcaniclastic dep ...
Mantle detachment faults and the breakup of cold continental
... of relatively hot and thick (40–60 km) continental crust, an elastic layer develops within the quartz-dominated crust (Rosenbaum et al., 2005; Regenauer-Lieb et al., 2006). The term elastic layer, also known as elastic core, is used here to describe a layer of maximum elastic energy that may also un ...
... of relatively hot and thick (40–60 km) continental crust, an elastic layer develops within the quartz-dominated crust (Rosenbaum et al., 2005; Regenauer-Lieb et al., 2006). The term elastic layer, also known as elastic core, is used here to describe a layer of maximum elastic energy that may also un ...
1 Minerals - yr11geology
... Deformation means folding and faulting. Rock strata can be bent, or can fracture so they are offset vertically or horizontally (or some combination of the two). Often, parallel or perpendicular sets of faults combine upwards and downwards movement to form fault blocks. The Hunua Ranges, near Aucklan ...
... Deformation means folding and faulting. Rock strata can be bent, or can fracture so they are offset vertically or horizontally (or some combination of the two). Often, parallel or perpendicular sets of faults combine upwards and downwards movement to form fault blocks. The Hunua Ranges, near Aucklan ...
Sedimentary Rocks and their processes
... Detrital sedimentary rocks are formed of solid particles such as sand & gravel derived by weathering. These rocks are classified by the size of their constituent particles ...
... Detrital sedimentary rocks are formed of solid particles such as sand & gravel derived by weathering. These rocks are classified by the size of their constituent particles ...
Mineralogical and chemical mass changes in granitoids, monzonite
... The Pasa Kuh ore deposits is part of an intermediate to acidic-hosted hydrothermal system situated around 35°44′N, 34°55′W. The area is located on a mountain range and extends 1500 m in a NW–SE and 400 m in a SW–NE direction (Fig. 1). Intrusive rocks are widespread throughout the area and the larges ...
... The Pasa Kuh ore deposits is part of an intermediate to acidic-hosted hydrothermal system situated around 35°44′N, 34°55′W. The area is located on a mountain range and extends 1500 m in a NW–SE and 400 m in a SW–NE direction (Fig. 1). Intrusive rocks are widespread throughout the area and the larges ...
Pan-African granite emplacement mechanisms in the Eastern Desert
... these plutons reveals marginal sub-horizontal intrusive sheets as magma injection along preexisting flat-lying structures including mineral foliations and thrust faults. Space for emplacement .of granitic plutons was accommodated by uplift of the country rocks along steep marginal faults with rotati ...
... these plutons reveals marginal sub-horizontal intrusive sheets as magma injection along preexisting flat-lying structures including mineral foliations and thrust faults. Space for emplacement .of granitic plutons was accommodated by uplift of the country rocks along steep marginal faults with rotati ...
FOOT OF THE CONTINENTAL SLOPE IN ARTICLE 76
... New Zealand examples of evidence to the contrary Two areas of the New Zealand region where it has been helpful to use geological and geophysical data to identify the extent of natural prolongation are the Lau Terrace and the Hikurangi Plateau (Figure 7). In these areas seismic reflection data are us ...
... New Zealand examples of evidence to the contrary Two areas of the New Zealand region where it has been helpful to use geological and geophysical data to identify the extent of natural prolongation are the Lau Terrace and the Hikurangi Plateau (Figure 7). In these areas seismic reflection data are us ...
Snacktectonics
... You are responsible for completing all data tables (colored drawings and descriptions) and all comprehension questions (in complete sentences). You are responsible for all clean up…you may eat the materials at the end of class. Data Tables and Comprehension Questions: Data tables are to contain ...
... You are responsible for completing all data tables (colored drawings and descriptions) and all comprehension questions (in complete sentences). You are responsible for all clean up…you may eat the materials at the end of class. Data Tables and Comprehension Questions: Data tables are to contain ...
Horizontal and Vertical Crustal Deformation profiles of a simple
... obtain subduction, Tagawa [12] suggested that weakening of the plate boundary is even more important than the rheology of the lithosphere. Factor that plays a vital role at the contact of two plates is coefficient of friction which makes the interface weak or strong, it also effects the crustal defo ...
... obtain subduction, Tagawa [12] suggested that weakening of the plate boundary is even more important than the rheology of the lithosphere. Factor that plays a vital role at the contact of two plates is coefficient of friction which makes the interface weak or strong, it also effects the crustal defo ...
the form of the fongen-hyllingen gabbro complex, trondheim region
... mineral, together with minor amounts of biotite. Along the rather poorly exposed easterJ;� margin further north, the possible occurrence of dioritic types is obscured by metamorphism and deformation. No dioritic types have been found in the Fongen-Ruten-Melshogna area to the north of section Il in F ...
... mineral, together with minor amounts of biotite. Along the rather poorly exposed easterJ;� margin further north, the possible occurrence of dioritic types is obscured by metamorphism and deformation. No dioritic types have been found in the Fongen-Ruten-Melshogna area to the north of section Il in F ...
Lecture 10 – Faults and Earthquakes Causes of Earthquakes
... Inevitably at some point they must break or crack to produce FAULTS!! [Note – some rocks break much more easily than others] ...
... Inevitably at some point they must break or crack to produce FAULTS!! [Note – some rocks break much more easily than others] ...
tectonic evolution of the betic cordillera: an overview
... controversial subject and there is no general agreement about the causes of the late-orogenic extension in the Betic-Rif realm. Some authors have emphasised the role of anomalous diapirism (Weijermars, 1985) or suggested subduction similar to the western Pacific back-arc basins (e.g. Malinverno and ...
... controversial subject and there is no general agreement about the causes of the late-orogenic extension in the Betic-Rif realm. Some authors have emphasised the role of anomalous diapirism (Weijermars, 1985) or suggested subduction similar to the western Pacific back-arc basins (e.g. Malinverno and ...
Great Lakes tectonic zone
The Great Lakes tectonic zone is bounded by South Dakota at its tip and heads northeast to south of Duluth, Minnesota, then heads east through northern Wisconsin, Marquette, Michigan, and then trends more northeasterly to skim the northern-most shores of lakes Michigan and Huron before ending in the Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, area.During the Late Archean Era the Algoman orogeny added landmass to the Superior province by volcanic activity and continental collision along a boundary that stretches from present-day South Dakota, U.S., into the Lake Huron region near Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.This crustal boundary is the Great Lakes tectonic zone. It is 1,400 km (870 mi) long, and separates the older Archean gneissic terrane to the south from younger Late Archean greenstone-granite terrane to the north.The zone is characterized by active compression during the Algoman orogeny (about 2,700 million years ago), a pulling-apart (extensional) tectonics (2,450 to 2,100 million years ago), a second compression during the Penokean orogeny (1,900 to 1,850 million years ago), a second extension during Middle Proterozoic time (1,600 million years ago) and minor reactivation during Phanerozoic time (the past 500 million years).Collision began along the Great Lakes tectonic zone (GLTZ) with the Algoman mountain-building event and continued for tens of millions of years. During the formation of the GLTZ, the gneissic Minnesota River Valley subprovince was thrust up onto the Superior province's edge as it consumed the Superior province's oceanic crust. Fragmentation of the Kenorland supercontinent began 2,450 million years ago and was completed by 2,100 million years ago. The Wyoming province is the continental landmass that is hypothesized to have rifted away from the southern Superior province portion of Kenorland, before moving rapidly west and docking with the Laurentia supercontinent 1,850 to 1,715 million years ago. Sedimentation from the GLTZ-rifting environment continued into the Penokean orogeny, which is the next major tectonic event in the Great Lakes region. Several earthquakes have been documented in Minnesota, Michigan's Upper Peninsula and Sudbury in the last 120 years along the GLTZ.