geology - South Dakota Space Grant Consortium
... South Dakota School of Mines and Technology • South Dakota Department of Transportation • South Dakota Geological Survey • South Dakota Section, American Institute of Professional Geologists • South Dakota Space Grant Consortium Foundation • United States Geological Survey ...
... South Dakota School of Mines and Technology • South Dakota Department of Transportation • South Dakota Geological Survey • South Dakota Section, American Institute of Professional Geologists • South Dakota Space Grant Consortium Foundation • United States Geological Survey ...
Document
... 4. Deformation variations in SAME rock type due to: - temperature (geothermal gradient & depth of burial) - pressure (depth of burial) - rate (strain rate) - pore fluids (chemical composition of the fluid) the more chemically reactive the fluid the more ductile deformation ...
... 4. Deformation variations in SAME rock type due to: - temperature (geothermal gradient & depth of burial) - pressure (depth of burial) - rate (strain rate) - pore fluids (chemical composition of the fluid) the more chemically reactive the fluid the more ductile deformation ...
Plate Tectonics: Types of Plate Margins
... Benioff zone an inclined plane of earthquakes dipping landward away from a submarine trench ...
... Benioff zone an inclined plane of earthquakes dipping landward away from a submarine trench ...
PwrPt - University of Minnesota Duluth
... Pre-kinematic– Intrusion is deformed in the same way as the rocks it intrudes Syn-kinematic – Intrusion shape conforms to regional structures Post-kinematic – Intrusion shape is independent or cross cuts deformational fabric of ...
... Pre-kinematic– Intrusion is deformed in the same way as the rocks it intrudes Syn-kinematic – Intrusion shape conforms to regional structures Post-kinematic – Intrusion shape is independent or cross cuts deformational fabric of ...
Fold Movement – Teacher Notes File
... We assume any change from horizontality is caused by tectonic events. These are BIFs from the Hamersley Basin which were originally horizontal but have been folded by tectonic forces. ...
... We assume any change from horizontality is caused by tectonic events. These are BIFs from the Hamersley Basin which were originally horizontal but have been folded by tectonic forces. ...
MESOZOIC ERA IN CALIFORNIA
... a. By the end of Mesozoic (about 63 m.y) all elements of Mts. and Great Valley were established b. Limited mountain building in late Triassic to middle Jurassic time c. Major mountain building period occurred near close of Jurassic *best known in Sierra Nevada--so it is called the Nevadan Orogeny d. ...
... a. By the end of Mesozoic (about 63 m.y) all elements of Mts. and Great Valley were established b. Limited mountain building in late Triassic to middle Jurassic time c. Major mountain building period occurred near close of Jurassic *best known in Sierra Nevada--so it is called the Nevadan Orogeny d. ...
Science Article PDF - Geological Society of America
... are plotted beneath the shot location with calculated traveltime curves from the model superimposed in red. The blue circles indicate the crossover where Pn becomes the first arrival. ...
... are plotted beneath the shot location with calculated traveltime curves from the model superimposed in red. The blue circles indicate the crossover where Pn becomes the first arrival. ...
Unit 1 – Studying the Earth Topics
... normal fault reverse fault thrust fault strike-slip fault mountain range mountain system mountain belt folded mountain plateau fault-block mountain dome mountain volcanic mountain ...
... normal fault reverse fault thrust fault strike-slip fault mountain range mountain system mountain belt folded mountain plateau fault-block mountain dome mountain volcanic mountain ...
Mira_2
... witch is made of basalt rock. The Superior Basin was very dry until about one million years ago, when the glaciers came through. Ten thousand years ago the last glaciers melted. Then, once the glaciers melted, the water was five hundred feet above the level it is today. At times the water would also ...
... witch is made of basalt rock. The Superior Basin was very dry until about one million years ago, when the glaciers came through. Ten thousand years ago the last glaciers melted. Then, once the glaciers melted, the water was five hundred feet above the level it is today. At times the water would also ...
WEEK 10: IGNEOUS ROCKS
... b. Because they cool slowly these rocks are large crystals. Their grain size will be larger than 1mm. They will have a coarse or very coarse texture. EXTRUSIVE igneous rocks; a. Cool quickly above ground in just minutes VOLCANIC b. Because they cooled quickly these rocks have very small crystals. ...
... b. Because they cool slowly these rocks are large crystals. Their grain size will be larger than 1mm. They will have a coarse or very coarse texture. EXTRUSIVE igneous rocks; a. Cool quickly above ground in just minutes VOLCANIC b. Because they cooled quickly these rocks have very small crystals. ...
Slide 1
... age seas some 375 million years ago. The rocks that formed in that environment are mostly limestones. ...
... age seas some 375 million years ago. The rocks that formed in that environment are mostly limestones. ...
RELICS OF MOZAMBIQUE OCEAN IN EASTERN AFRICA OROGEN
... by metabasic rocks, which have chemical compositions similar to those of recent basalts from a mid-ocean ridge, back-arc setting and island-arc setting. The age of formation of proto lith basalts has been dated at 850-700 Ma by U-Pb SHRIMP analysis of magmatic cores in zircon, pointing to an origin ...
... by metabasic rocks, which have chemical compositions similar to those of recent basalts from a mid-ocean ridge, back-arc setting and island-arc setting. The age of formation of proto lith basalts has been dated at 850-700 Ma by U-Pb SHRIMP analysis of magmatic cores in zircon, pointing to an origin ...
6 The geological floor – the Ordovician
... layers on the seabed built up a thick mass in what is now the Ross area of Antarctica. The sequence includes some chert beds – chert is a chemical sediment composed of fine grained silica. As well as accumulating a great thickness, the sediments were laid down over a huge area of this ancient ocean. ...
... layers on the seabed built up a thick mass in what is now the Ross area of Antarctica. The sequence includes some chert beds – chert is a chemical sediment composed of fine grained silica. As well as accumulating a great thickness, the sediments were laid down over a huge area of this ancient ocean. ...
GY 112 Lecture Notes
... Terrane were mixed lithologies. They consisted of some volcanic rocks (e.g., island arc sequences) and some older (e.g., Paleozoic) sedimentary rocks (deep marine siliciclastic rocks, chalks etc). For the first time, igneous intrusions and associated volcanism also started to occur in western North ...
... Terrane were mixed lithologies. They consisted of some volcanic rocks (e.g., island arc sequences) and some older (e.g., Paleozoic) sedimentary rocks (deep marine siliciclastic rocks, chalks etc). For the first time, igneous intrusions and associated volcanism also started to occur in western North ...
The Mid-continent Rift
... • isotopic signature consistent with onset of a new mantle plume beneath the area at about 1110 Ma. • plume head provided a hot source for production of basaltic magma by decompression melting. • Deposition of ~8 km thick mostly alluvial fan, river and lake sediments continued for a few tens of mill ...
... • isotopic signature consistent with onset of a new mantle plume beneath the area at about 1110 Ma. • plume head provided a hot source for production of basaltic magma by decompression melting. • Deposition of ~8 km thick mostly alluvial fan, river and lake sediments continued for a few tens of mill ...
The Rock Cycle - Geevor Tin Mine
... erupted beneath the sea to form pillow lavas, or as sills and dykes intruded into the surrounding rock. These basic extrusive and intrusive rocks are known locally as ‘greenstone’ and often formed headlands along the north Cornish coast examples being Botallack Head and Gurnards Head to the west and ...
... erupted beneath the sea to form pillow lavas, or as sills and dykes intruded into the surrounding rock. These basic extrusive and intrusive rocks are known locally as ‘greenstone’ and often formed headlands along the north Cornish coast examples being Botallack Head and Gurnards Head to the west and ...
Insights into a fossil plate interface of an erosional subduction zone
... Subduction zone seismicity and volcanism are triggered by processes occurring at the slab-wedge interface as a consequence of metamorphic reactions, mass-transfer and deformation. Although the shallow parts of subduction zones (<30-40 km) can be partly accessed by geophysical methods, the resolution ...
... Subduction zone seismicity and volcanism are triggered by processes occurring at the slab-wedge interface as a consequence of metamorphic reactions, mass-transfer and deformation. Although the shallow parts of subduction zones (<30-40 km) can be partly accessed by geophysical methods, the resolution ...
micro-analysis of inclusion-bearing albite and garnet porphyroblasts
... mapping, oriented sample collection, thin section preparation, petrographic analysis, electron microprobe analysis and monazite age-dating techniques will be combined to investigate the tectonic history of rocks of the Hoosac Formation of Western Massachusetts. Field work has shown that albite-beari ...
... mapping, oriented sample collection, thin section preparation, petrographic analysis, electron microprobe analysis and monazite age-dating techniques will be combined to investigate the tectonic history of rocks of the Hoosac Formation of Western Massachusetts. Field work has shown that albite-beari ...
The diagram below shows the latitude and longitude for a city in
... divergent, or ________________________, boundaries. 8. What is paleomagnetism? Iron inside the Earth makes Earth a ________________ _____________ . When hot magma __________ __________ , the bits of iron in the ________________ will point to the poles like a compass needle. 9. Paleomagnetism = _____ ...
... divergent, or ________________________, boundaries. 8. What is paleomagnetism? Iron inside the Earth makes Earth a ________________ _____________ . When hot magma __________ __________ , the bits of iron in the ________________ will point to the poles like a compass needle. 9. Paleomagnetism = _____ ...
Stone Walls: Stories from Minnesota`s Geologic Past
... rock with a mineralogy suggesting it was originally a granite that slowly crystallized from a silica-rich magma tens of kilometers beneath the Earth’s surface. (Although the age is not disputed, there is some debate about some of the specifics regarding the “parentage” of the Morton Gneiss. This sho ...
... rock with a mineralogy suggesting it was originally a granite that slowly crystallized from a silica-rich magma tens of kilometers beneath the Earth’s surface. (Although the age is not disputed, there is some debate about some of the specifics regarding the “parentage” of the Morton Gneiss. This sho ...
Rock and Mineral Targets
... I can identify and classify sedimentary rocks based on their properties. ...
... I can identify and classify sedimentary rocks based on their properties. ...
Science Practice set 4
... 1. Rocks are classified into the three major groups (igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary) by A. their color B. their size C. their formation d. the types of minerals in them 2. Igneous rocks are formed when ___________ cools. A. magma B. sediment C. water D. stone 3. How do sedimentary rocks form? ...
... 1. Rocks are classified into the three major groups (igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary) by A. their color B. their size C. their formation d. the types of minerals in them 2. Igneous rocks are formed when ___________ cools. A. magma B. sediment C. water D. stone 3. How do sedimentary rocks form? ...
NOTES: IGNEOUS ROCKS
... break the bonds between some of the ions in a mineral, allowing them to migrate to other sites in the rock and re-bond. Such migration of ions, usually through fluids circulating through the rock, results in recrystallization of the mineral. Metamorphism occurs when heat and pressure exceed certain ...
... break the bonds between some of the ions in a mineral, allowing them to migrate to other sites in the rock and re-bond. Such migration of ions, usually through fluids circulating through the rock, results in recrystallization of the mineral. Metamorphism occurs when heat and pressure exceed certain ...
Great Lakes tectonic zone
The Great Lakes tectonic zone is bounded by South Dakota at its tip and heads northeast to south of Duluth, Minnesota, then heads east through northern Wisconsin, Marquette, Michigan, and then trends more northeasterly to skim the northern-most shores of lakes Michigan and Huron before ending in the Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, area.During the Late Archean Era the Algoman orogeny added landmass to the Superior province by volcanic activity and continental collision along a boundary that stretches from present-day South Dakota, U.S., into the Lake Huron region near Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.This crustal boundary is the Great Lakes tectonic zone. It is 1,400 km (870 mi) long, and separates the older Archean gneissic terrane to the south from younger Late Archean greenstone-granite terrane to the north.The zone is characterized by active compression during the Algoman orogeny (about 2,700 million years ago), a pulling-apart (extensional) tectonics (2,450 to 2,100 million years ago), a second compression during the Penokean orogeny (1,900 to 1,850 million years ago), a second extension during Middle Proterozoic time (1,600 million years ago) and minor reactivation during Phanerozoic time (the past 500 million years).Collision began along the Great Lakes tectonic zone (GLTZ) with the Algoman mountain-building event and continued for tens of millions of years. During the formation of the GLTZ, the gneissic Minnesota River Valley subprovince was thrust up onto the Superior province's edge as it consumed the Superior province's oceanic crust. Fragmentation of the Kenorland supercontinent began 2,450 million years ago and was completed by 2,100 million years ago. The Wyoming province is the continental landmass that is hypothesized to have rifted away from the southern Superior province portion of Kenorland, before moving rapidly west and docking with the Laurentia supercontinent 1,850 to 1,715 million years ago. Sedimentation from the GLTZ-rifting environment continued into the Penokean orogeny, which is the next major tectonic event in the Great Lakes region. Several earthquakes have been documented in Minnesota, Michigan's Upper Peninsula and Sudbury in the last 120 years along the GLTZ.