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effect of botulinum toxin (btx) on the chemical coding of nerve fibres
effect of botulinum toxin (btx) on the chemical coding of nerve fibres

... urinary bladder. The results of this experiment indicate that nerve cell damage leads to dramatic biochemical changes in the cell. Chronic cystitis increases PACAP- IR fibres in the spinal cord and dorsal sensory ganglion of the spinal cord (27). Studies conducted by us indicates that the density of ...
Chapter 26
Chapter 26

... C. Internal Anatomy of the Kidney 1. Internally, the kidneys consist of cortex, medulla, pyramids, papillae, columns, calyces, and renal pelves (Figure 26.3). 2. The renal cortex and renal pyramids constitute the functional portion or parenchyma of the kidney. 3. The nephron is the functional unit o ...
pelvic organ prolapse - Malaysian Urological Association
pelvic organ prolapse - Malaysian Urological Association

... • Anterior vaginal wall prolapse- descent of the anterior vagina so that the urethrovesical junction or any anterior point proximal to this is less than 3 cm above the plane of the hymen. • Prolapse of the apical segment of the vagina is defined as any descent of the vaginal cuff scar (after hystere ...
HM1_Handout_Urinary_System
HM1_Handout_Urinary_System

... the urethral orifice can cause infection ...
Urinary tract injuries in laparoscopic gynaecological surgery
Urinary tract injuries in laparoscopic gynaecological surgery

... for cases where the injury or the surgeon’s experience is such that does not allow repair by laparoscopy. Most bladder injuries can be sutured in one or two layers using a 2-0 or 3-0 absorbable suture (such as polyglactin).30–32 A running non-locked repair with the sutures placed 0.5 to 1 cm apart a ...
Pyelonephritis Visual Aids
Pyelonephritis Visual Aids

... 1. Cotran RS, MD; Kumar V, MD, FRCPath. y Collins T,MD, PhD. El riñón. En: Robbins Patología Estructural y Funcional. McGraw-Hill. Interamericana, 2003. pp. 1014-1019. 2. Ioanna Zarpada, Petros I. Rafailidis and Matthew E. Falagas. Pyelonephritis. In: Gorbach´s 5-Minute Infectious Diseases Consult. ...
Chapter 26
Chapter 26

... C. Internal Anatomy of the Kidney 1. Internally, the kidneys consist of cortex, medulla, pyramids, papillae, columns, calyces, and renal pelves (Figure 26.3). 2. The renal cortex and renal pyramids constitute the functional portion or parenchyma of the kidney. 3. The nephron is the functional unit o ...
The Urinary System
The Urinary System

... Aging and the Urinary System Back in the Game Sports Medicine is a clinic dedicated to the treatment of physical injuries to the body. Caring for an injured body involves more than making the diagnosis; it's about understanding and treating the cause to prevent future injuries. The clinic addresses ...
Distal Convoluted Tubules
Distal Convoluted Tubules

... Distal Convoluted Tubules are lined by small, simple cuboidal epithelial cells, which have no brush border. They may show a few short, irregular microvilli on their apical surfaces and plasma membrane infoldings on their basal region at the EM level (Fig.5). Their lumens appear clearer and wider tha ...
Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms [ LUTS] Pathway
Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms [ LUTS] Pathway

... Background: LUTS include storage, voiding and post-micturition symptoms. Bothersome LUTS are said to occur in up to 30% of men older than 65 years1. This is not surprising considering the great prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), which is as high as in 40% of men in fifth decade, and c ...
17. Urinary system facts
17. Urinary system facts

... they try to urinate, only a little urine comes out. This mostly happens during a bladder or urinary tract infection. Frequent urination is also a sign of pregnancy. The growing uterus applies pressure on the urinary bladder, which causes one to urinate frequently. Moreover, during pregnancy blood fl ...
Guide to the Elimination of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract
Guide to the Elimination of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract

... Prevention of UTIs has been shown to decrease mortality in a large prospective study published in 1983.18 However, whether or not increased mortality remains a factor in healthcare-associated UTIs in more recent years is not certain. In the October 2008 “Society for Healthcare Epidemiology and Infec ...
Sacral neuromodulation for neurogenic bladder and bowel
Sacral neuromodulation for neurogenic bladder and bowel

... well-established treatment modality in recent years for patients with refractory non-obstructive chronic urinary retention, urgency-frequency syndrome and urgency incontinence.4–6 Many patients have achieved significant improvement in lower urinary tract symptoms and bowel disorders, such as fecal i ...
Bladder Diseases and Problems
Bladder Diseases and Problems

... recommendation for any particular treatment plan. Like any printed material, it may become out of date over time. It is important that you rely on the advice of a doctor or a healthcare professional for your specific condition. ©1995-2016, The Patient Education Institute, Inc. www.X-Plain.com Last r ...
ENURESIS Daytime - Dayton Children`s Hospital
ENURESIS Daytime - Dayton Children`s Hospital

... Secondary Enuresis: When the child had a period of dryness (of at least 6 months), but then wetting problems develop. What causes Daytime Enuresis? Enuresis may be caused by many factors. The bladder is made of layers of muscle that expand (relax) and shrink (contract) as urine enters or leaves the ...
Urinary Tract Infection and Spinal Cord Injury
Urinary Tract Infection and Spinal Cord Injury

... 1. Most people lose normal urinary function after SCI. They need a bladder management option to empty the urine from their bladder to keep their bladder and kidneys healthy. Most bladder management options make it easier for bacteria to enter the bladder through the urethra.  Please read “Bladder M ...
OAB
OAB

... clinical evaluation and medical treatment Philip E.V. Van Kerrebroeck, MD, PhD, MMSc Professor of Urology Maastricht University Medical Centre the Netherlands ...
Human Excretory System
Human Excretory System

... • The moment of ejaculation, millions of sperm are released into the female’s reproductive tract. Many are able to swim up through the vagina towards the cervix. Many are killed by the acidity of the vaginal fluids. Here thousands of sperm are killed by phagocytes which recognize them as “non-self.” ...
The Urinary System
The Urinary System

... renal pelvis that bring urine to the bladder for storage. The urethra is the muscular tube extending from the bladder that allows urine to be expelled from the body. © 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. ...
View Full Text-PDF
View Full Text-PDF

... in patients between 21 and 40 years age group due to increased sexual activity during this period and in males it was seen in older age group between 41 and 60 years. The incidence of UTI increases in males as the age advances because probably because of prostate enlargement and other related proble ...
Having a nephrostomy tube inserted V2
Having a nephrostomy tube inserted V2

... supermarkets, or the painkillers you normally take (always read the label; do not exceed the recommended dose). Getting medication from the hospital pharmacy can sometimes take a long time as they are very busy and this will delay your return ...
Pelvic Floor Muscle Training In Males: Practical
Pelvic Floor Muscle Training In Males: Practical

... Introduction: The pelvic floor muscles have long been recognized as important structural and functional components of the female pelvis. Dr. Arnold Kegel popularized exercises of the PFM in order to improve sexual1 and urinary health after childbirth.2,3 Kegel employed the principle of functional re ...
UTI in Children2013-04
UTI in Children2013-04

... Urine culture: the most diagnostic if the patient is not receiving any antibiotics. -Suprapubic aspiration is common in kids <1 : any number of colonies is diagnostic. - IN-and- out catheterization: > 10³, if more than one year and if not possible do MSU. - Midstream clean-catch urine collection > 1 ...
Digestion and Excretion The Excretory System
Digestion and Excretion The Excretory System

... is part of the circulatory system. A buildup of wastes in the circulatory system would be toxic to your body. Homeostasis is also maintained by the removal of wastes from the digestive system. Wastes would damage your body if the excretory system did not remove them from the ...
voiding disorders - The Royal Children`s Hospital
voiding disorders - The Royal Children`s Hospital

... intervals between each void. Bladder diary allows realistic initial goal. EG if diary shows voiding every 30 to 45 minutes, start with a voiding schedule every 60 minutes. Follow this schedule regardless of urge. The schedule continues for two weeks or until the patient feels comfortable with the in ...
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Urethroplasty

In surgery, urethroplasty is the repair of an injury or defect within the walls of the urethra. There are four commonly used types of urethroplasty performed; anastomotic, buccal mucosal onlay graft, scrotal or penile island flap (graft), and Johansen's urethroplasty. The choice of procedure is dependent on factors including: physical condition of the patient overall condition of the remainder of the urethra (not affected by the stricture) the length of the defect (best determined by urethrography) multiple or misaligned strictures anatomical positioning of the defect with regard to the prostate gland, urinary sphincter, and ejaculatory duct position of the most patent area of the urethral wall (necessary for determination of the location of the onlay/graft site, most often dorsal or ventral) complications and scarring from previous surgery(ies), stent explantation (if applicable), and the condition of the urethral wall availability of autograft tissue from the buccal cavity (buccal mucosa) (primary selection) availability of autograft tissue from the penis and scrotum (secondary selection) skill level and training of the surgeon performing the procedureNote: in more complex cases, more than one type of procedure may be performed, especially where longer strictures exist.With an average operating room time of between three and eight hours, urethroplasty is not considered a minor operation. Patients who undergo a shorter duration procedure may have the convenience of returning home that same day (between 20% and 30% en total of urethroplasty patients). Hospital stays of two or three days duration are the average. More complex procedures may require a hospitalization of seven to ten days. The length-of-stay is usually determined by the: status/condition of the patient, post recovery after-effects of the anesthesia/sedation/spinal anesthesia utilized during the procedure anticipated post-surgical care, per care plan (dressing changes, packing changes, and monitoring of (any) surgical drains - if used) monitoring of the newly established urethral cysostomy (Johansen's urethroplasty) if applicable monitoring of the suprapubic catheter or Foley catheter for signs of infection and proper urine output if applicable titration of palliative and anti-spasmodic medication(s) if applicable post surgical complications if any↑ ↑
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