Virusesand Prions - Pandem-Sim
... Whether or not viruses are living has been questioned for decades. They have genetic material, they reproduce copies, and they evolve through natural selection. These are all characteristics of living organisms. However, they lack cell structure and they cannot reproduce outside a host cell. These t ...
... Whether or not viruses are living has been questioned for decades. They have genetic material, they reproduce copies, and they evolve through natural selection. These are all characteristics of living organisms. However, they lack cell structure and they cannot reproduce outside a host cell. These t ...
Instructions for Animal Virus
... practically every form of life has a virus that relies on it to “live”. This world is also very beautiful, as viruses use simple, but elegant, symmetry in their structures. The Animal Virus project recreates a bit of this invisible world so you can visualize incredible creatures too tiny for any eye ...
... practically every form of life has a virus that relies on it to “live”. This world is also very beautiful, as viruses use simple, but elegant, symmetry in their structures. The Animal Virus project recreates a bit of this invisible world so you can visualize incredible creatures too tiny for any eye ...
Chapter 14: Viruses, Prions, and Viroids
... 8. What is a benefit of infection with a lysogenic phage? What change may occur with the bacterial cell? 9. Understand how filamentous phage (M13 and fd) replicate in host cells. What is unique to replication of a ssDNA molecule? 10. What are three mechanisms that reduce infection by phage? 11. Unde ...
... 8. What is a benefit of infection with a lysogenic phage? What change may occur with the bacterial cell? 9. Understand how filamentous phage (M13 and fd) replicate in host cells. What is unique to replication of a ssDNA molecule? 10. What are three mechanisms that reduce infection by phage? 11. Unde ...
Chapter 3: Viruses 第三章：病毒
... • Merck & Co. has stopped the Phase II trial of its V520 HIV vaccine after interim results showed that the vaccine was not effective and did not prevent infection. Viral Disease Treatment/Prevention ...
... • Merck & Co. has stopped the Phase II trial of its V520 HIV vaccine after interim results showed that the vaccine was not effective and did not prevent infection. Viral Disease Treatment/Prevention ...
Supplementary Figures - PowerPoint
... Supplementary Figure 4 | Effect of HA mutations on SAα2,6Gal recognition. Mutations found in the HA of A/Vietnam/30408/05clone7 were introduced individually or in combination into the reference VN1194 HA. Direct binding activity to sialylglycopolymers containing either α2,3-linked (blue) or α2,6-lin ...
... Supplementary Figure 4 | Effect of HA mutations on SAα2,6Gal recognition. Mutations found in the HA of A/Vietnam/30408/05clone7 were introduced individually or in combination into the reference VN1194 HA. Direct binding activity to sialylglycopolymers containing either α2,3-linked (blue) or α2,6-lin ...
Foundations in Microbiology
... • Some animal viruses enter host cell and permanently alter its genetic material resulting in cancer – transformation of the cell. • Transformed cells have increased rate of growth, alterations in chromosomes, and capacity to divide for indefinite time periods resulting in tumors. • Mammalian virus ...
... • Some animal viruses enter host cell and permanently alter its genetic material resulting in cancer – transformation of the cell. • Transformed cells have increased rate of growth, alterations in chromosomes, and capacity to divide for indefinite time periods resulting in tumors. • Mammalian virus ...
Foundations in Microbiology
... • Some animal viruses enter host cell and permanently alter its genetic material resulting in cancer – transformation of the cell. • Transformed cells have increased rate of growth, alterations in chromosomes, and capacity to divide for indefinite time periods resulting in tumors. • Mammalian virus ...
... • Some animal viruses enter host cell and permanently alter its genetic material resulting in cancer – transformation of the cell. • Transformed cells have increased rate of growth, alterations in chromosomes, and capacity to divide for indefinite time periods resulting in tumors. • Mammalian virus ...
Viruses and Bacteria
... A. Is a virus a living organism? 1. All living things are made of cells, able to grow and reproduce. 2. A virus IS able to do these things but ONLY inside a host cell. 3. Viruses cause diseases in many organisms. ...
... A. Is a virus a living organism? 1. All living things are made of cells, able to grow and reproduce. 2. A virus IS able to do these things but ONLY inside a host cell. 3. Viruses cause diseases in many organisms. ...
Introduction to Plant Virology • History • Definitions • Classification
... A. Acellular, don’t synthesize a cell membrane (+/- envelope= stolen host cell membrane) B. Genome = RNA or DNA C. Protein coat = capsid D. No ribosomes. Lack ability to synthesize organic molecules E. No metabolism. Can’t generate own energy therefore are “metabolic parasites” F. Obligate intracell ...
... A. Acellular, don’t synthesize a cell membrane (+/- envelope= stolen host cell membrane) B. Genome = RNA or DNA C. Protein coat = capsid D. No ribosomes. Lack ability to synthesize organic molecules E. No metabolism. Can’t generate own energy therefore are “metabolic parasites” F. Obligate intracell ...
Viruses and Bacteria
... • Bacteria is the plural word for bacterium. • Bacteria are microorganisms. • There are 3 types of bacteria: spherical, rod shaped, and spiral. • Spiral bacteria are known a spirillia, which coils are usually very tight. ...
... • Bacteria is the plural word for bacterium. • Bacteria are microorganisms. • There are 3 types of bacteria: spherical, rod shaped, and spiral. • Spiral bacteria are known a spirillia, which coils are usually very tight. ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Epidemiology and Prevention of
... whose genomes consist of nucleic acid, and which obligately replicate inside host cells using host metabolic machinery to different extents, to form a pool of components which assemble into particles called virions. F Viruses cannot be grown on sterile media, but require the presence of specific hos ...
... whose genomes consist of nucleic acid, and which obligately replicate inside host cells using host metabolic machinery to different extents, to form a pool of components which assemble into particles called virions. F Viruses cannot be grown on sterile media, but require the presence of specific hos ...
Proteases and Viruses
... clinical studies, it is known that proteases are able to dissolve almost all proteins as long as they are not components of living cells. Normal living cells are protected against lysis by the inhibitor mechanism. Viruses, parasites, fungal forms, and bacteria are either protein or protected by prot ...
... clinical studies, it is known that proteases are able to dissolve almost all proteins as long as they are not components of living cells. Normal living cells are protected against lysis by the inhibitor mechanism. Viruses, parasites, fungal forms, and bacteria are either protein or protected by prot ...
Viruses - SCHOOLinSITES
... Other virus-like things 1) Viroids – smallest things that can replicate, are pathogens. Made of small piece of RNA without the capsid. (cause plant diseases) ...
... Other virus-like things 1) Viroids – smallest things that can replicate, are pathogens. Made of small piece of RNA without the capsid. (cause plant diseases) ...
What are Viruses?
... Viruses are non living They have some properties of life but not others They can’t maintain a constant internal state (homeostasis) or reproduce without a host cell. ...
... Viruses are non living They have some properties of life but not others They can’t maintain a constant internal state (homeostasis) or reproduce without a host cell. ...
AP Biology 12 Viruses
... Try This! Viruses:“a kind of borrowed life” Classify each statement as TRUE or FALSE, and identify which statement supports the view of most biologists that viruses are nonliving. A. Viruses are two-dimensional, rather than threedimensional. FALSE B. The viral genome may be single- or double-stra ...
... Try This! Viruses:“a kind of borrowed life” Classify each statement as TRUE or FALSE, and identify which statement supports the view of most biologists that viruses are nonliving. A. Viruses are two-dimensional, rather than threedimensional. FALSE B. The viral genome may be single- or double-stra ...
The Discovery of Viruses
... The widespread use of _____________ has led to natural selection that favours bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics. Common bacteria have become ____________ _________ resistant making them very difficult to control especially when they are spread very easily. ...
... The widespread use of _____________ has led to natural selection that favours bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics. Common bacteria have become ____________ _________ resistant making them very difficult to control especially when they are spread very easily. ...
Slide 1
... Characteristics of Prions • Proteinaceous infectious agents • Composed of single protein PrP • All mammals contain gene that codes for primary sequence of amino acids in PrP • Two stable tertiary structures of PrP – Normal functional structure with α-helices called ...
... Characteristics of Prions • Proteinaceous infectious agents • Composed of single protein PrP • All mammals contain gene that codes for primary sequence of amino acids in PrP • Two stable tertiary structures of PrP – Normal functional structure with α-helices called ...
Worked on Tobacco Mosaic Virus
... juice through a filter. • Rubbed the filtered juice onto leaves. • Still became infected. • Concluded that whatever these disease causing particles were, they were very small (smaller than bacteria). ...
... juice through a filter. • Rubbed the filtered juice onto leaves. • Still became infected. • Concluded that whatever these disease causing particles were, they were very small (smaller than bacteria). ...
Viruses
... • Phage viruses have become very useful in __________________________________ • Phage DNA is ________________ with DNA of interest (ex: human gene for insulin) • Phage is allowed to ____________________________. • Bacteria then produce large amounts of either ___________ or copies of the ___________ ...
... • Phage viruses have become very useful in __________________________________ • Phage DNA is ________________ with DNA of interest (ex: human gene for insulin) • Phage is allowed to ____________________________. • Bacteria then produce large amounts of either ___________ or copies of the ___________ ...
Viruses, Prions, and Viroids:
... bat Old Yeller humans (humans cannot transmit rabies to other humans) ...
... bat Old Yeller humans (humans cannot transmit rabies to other humans) ...
ppt presentation
... - symptoms of infection – likely results from induced RNAi non-specifically affecting expression of plant genes - common features (origine?) with HDV (hepatitis D virus) Replication with host DNA dep.(!) RNA Pol II - probably rolling circle - concatemers of some viroids autocatalytically cleaved by ...
... - symptoms of infection – likely results from induced RNAi non-specifically affecting expression of plant genes - common features (origine?) with HDV (hepatitis D virus) Replication with host DNA dep.(!) RNA Pol II - probably rolling circle - concatemers of some viroids autocatalytically cleaved by ...
MS Word Format
... People are generally familiar with viruses because they cause a number of disorders in living things. Because of this, people tend to think of viruses as alive. However, they are not. They are not composed of cells. They do not carry out the activities of life. They are simply a protein shell called ...
... People are generally familiar with viruses because they cause a number of disorders in living things. Because of this, people tend to think of viruses as alive. However, they are not. They are not composed of cells. They do not carry out the activities of life. They are simply a protein shell called ...
Virus
A virus is a small infectious agent that replicates only inside the living cells of other organisms. Viruses can infect all types of life forms, from animals and plants to microorganisms, including bacteria and archaea.Since Dmitri Ivanovsky's 1892 article describing a non-bacterial pathogen infecting tobacco plants, and the discovery of the tobacco mosaic virus by Martinus Beijerinck in 1898, about 5,000 virus species have been described in detail, although there are millions of different types. Viruses are found in almost every ecosystem on Earth and are the most abundant type of biological entity. The study of viruses is known as virology, a sub-speciality of microbiology.While not inside an infected cell or in the process of infecting a cell, viruses exist in the form of independent particles. These viral particles, also known as virions, consist of two or three parts: (i) the genetic material made from either DNA or RNA, long molecules that carry genetic information; (ii) a protein coat, called the capsid, which surrounds and protects the genetic material; and in some cases (iii) an envelope of lipids that surrounds the protein coat when they are outside a cell. The shapes of these virus particles range from simple helical and icosahedral forms for some virus species to more complex structures for others. Most virus species have virions that are too small to be seen with an optical microscope. The average virion is about one one-hundredth the size of the average bacterium.The origins of viruses in the evolutionary history of life are unclear: some may have evolved from plasmids—pieces of DNA that can move between cells—while others may have evolved from bacteria. In evolution, viruses are an important means of horizontal gene transfer, which increases genetic diversity. Viruses are considered by some to be a life form, because they carry genetic material, reproduce, and evolve through natural selection. However they lack key characteristics (such as cell structure) that are generally considered necessary to count as life. Because they possess some but not all such qualities, viruses have been described as ""organisms at the edge of life"".Viruses spread in many ways; viruses in plants are often transmitted from plant to plant by insects that feed on plant sap, such as aphids; viruses in animals can be carried by blood-sucking insects. These disease-bearing organisms are known as vectors. Influenza viruses are spread by coughing and sneezing. Norovirus and rotavirus, common causes of viral gastroenteritis, are transmitted by the faecal–oral route and are passed from person to person by contact, entering the body in food or water. HIV is one of several viruses transmitted through sexual contact and by exposure to infected blood. The range of host cells that a virus can infect is called its ""host range"". This can be narrow, meaning a virus is capable of infecting few species, or broad, meaning it is capable of infecting many.Viral infections in animals provoke an immune response that usually eliminates the infecting virus. Immune responses can also be produced by vaccines, which confer an artificially acquired immunity to the specific viral infection. However, some viruses including those that cause AIDS and viral hepatitis evade these immune responses and result in chronic infections. Antibiotics have no effect on viruses, but several antiviral drugs have been developed.