Bacteria/Virses
... can be spread through skin-to-skin contact. many different types of HPV. Some types cause genital warts & are called low-risk, some types can lead to cervical cancer and are called high-risk. There is no known cure for HPV, there is a vaccine that can protect against some types of the virus. ...
... can be spread through skin-to-skin contact. many different types of HPV. Some types cause genital warts & are called low-risk, some types can lead to cervical cancer and are called high-risk. There is no known cure for HPV, there is a vaccine that can protect against some types of the virus. ...
Immune System-
... Tubercles form in lungs—small, rounded swellings containing infected phagocytes First infection is usually not severe Re-infection results in chronic TB which gradually destroys the lung tissue Fever, loss of appetite, weight loss, persistent cough, coughing up blood Infection can spread to lymph no ...
... Tubercles form in lungs—small, rounded swellings containing infected phagocytes First infection is usually not severe Re-infection results in chronic TB which gradually destroys the lung tissue Fever, loss of appetite, weight loss, persistent cough, coughing up blood Infection can spread to lymph no ...
how hiv infects cells
... In general, viruses have very small genomes. This means they can encode a very limited number of their own proteins. For this reason, most viruses must use the proteins provided by their host in order to reproduce (make more viruses). In a way, viruses act like parasites. They bring very little with ...
... In general, viruses have very small genomes. This means they can encode a very limited number of their own proteins. For this reason, most viruses must use the proteins provided by their host in order to reproduce (make more viruses). In a way, viruses act like parasites. They bring very little with ...
Final Exam Study Guide
... 1. What are the first and second lines of defense of nonspecific host mechanisms? 2. How does the nonspecific defense system differ from the specific defense system? 3. Know examples of the different barriers in the non-specific defense. 4. What is the role of normal microbiota (flora) in the non-sp ...
... 1. What are the first and second lines of defense of nonspecific host mechanisms? 2. How does the nonspecific defense system differ from the specific defense system? 3. Know examples of the different barriers in the non-specific defense. 4. What is the role of normal microbiota (flora) in the non-sp ...
25 Viruses
... c. The tail rests on a base plate from which tail fibers emerge d. These fibers assist the virus in attaching to a host cell 4. Summarize the five phases of the lytic cycle. A. During the lytic cycle, a virus invades a host cell, produces new viruses, destroys the host cell, and releases newly forme ...
... c. The tail rests on a base plate from which tail fibers emerge d. These fibers assist the virus in attaching to a host cell 4. Summarize the five phases of the lytic cycle. A. During the lytic cycle, a virus invades a host cell, produces new viruses, destroys the host cell, and releases newly forme ...
Isolation of Emerging Viruses
... community exposure No effective anti-virals, limited diagnostic capability Paramyxoviruses can be grown to high titers in vitro (1011 IU/ml) without concentration Aerosolization of other paramyxoviruses has been demonstrated Symptoms take a week or two to develop during which time, asymptomatic carr ...
... community exposure No effective anti-virals, limited diagnostic capability Paramyxoviruses can be grown to high titers in vitro (1011 IU/ml) without concentration Aerosolization of other paramyxoviruses has been demonstrated Symptoms take a week or two to develop during which time, asymptomatic carr ...
learning outcomes - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... A. Viruses are acellular infectious agents that cannot reproduce outside of living cells; virology is the study of viruses B. Viruses can infect all types of cells but are specific for certain organisms; bacteriophages (phages) infect bacteria II. Virion Structure A. Virion size—ranges from 10 nm to ...
... A. Viruses are acellular infectious agents that cannot reproduce outside of living cells; virology is the study of viruses B. Viruses can infect all types of cells but are specific for certain organisms; bacteriophages (phages) infect bacteria II. Virion Structure A. Virion size—ranges from 10 nm to ...
Biological Hazards
... alter the environment to make it more suitable for pathogens to live and reproduce. Many organisms spread through soil that is contaminated with feces. Ex. Hookworm People are infected by walking barefooted and contaminated food. ...
... alter the environment to make it more suitable for pathogens to live and reproduce. Many organisms spread through soil that is contaminated with feces. Ex. Hookworm People are infected by walking barefooted and contaminated food. ...
Viruses, viroids, prions
... • Uses existing machinery of host cell for replication • Causes synthesis of specialized structures to transfer nucleic acids to other cells • All life forms are parasitized by specific virus • Virus that is not in host cell = virion – Metabolically inert – No respiratory or biosynthetic function ...
... • Uses existing machinery of host cell for replication • Causes synthesis of specialized structures to transfer nucleic acids to other cells • All life forms are parasitized by specific virus • Virus that is not in host cell = virion – Metabolically inert – No respiratory or biosynthetic function ...
Gram-negative bacteria
... – 1. They do not have cytoplasm or organelles – 2. They cannot carry out cellular functions like metabolism and homeostasis – 3. They do not grow as cells do by dividing into two – 4. They cannot reproduce outside a host cell – 5. They must enter a living cell and use the host cell’s ribosomes, ATP, ...
... – 1. They do not have cytoplasm or organelles – 2. They cannot carry out cellular functions like metabolism and homeostasis – 3. They do not grow as cells do by dividing into two – 4. They cannot reproduce outside a host cell – 5. They must enter a living cell and use the host cell’s ribosomes, ATP, ...
In general, viruses have very small genomes which means they can
... In general, viruses have very small genomes which means they can encode a very limited number of their own proteins. For this reason, most viruses must use the proteins provided by their host in order to reproduce (make more viruses). In a way, viruses are parasitic, they bring very little with them ...
... In general, viruses have very small genomes which means they can encode a very limited number of their own proteins. For this reason, most viruses must use the proteins provided by their host in order to reproduce (make more viruses). In a way, viruses are parasitic, they bring very little with them ...
Chapter 36: Picornaviruses (Enterovirus & Rhinovirus Groups)
... immunity so that virus is still able to multiply in the gut. Oral vaccines contain live attenuated virus grown in primary monkey or human diploid cell cultures. The vaccine produces not only IgM and IgG antibodies in the blood but also secretory IgA antibodies in the intestine, which then becomes ...
... immunity so that virus is still able to multiply in the gut. Oral vaccines contain live attenuated virus grown in primary monkey or human diploid cell cultures. The vaccine produces not only IgM and IgG antibodies in the blood but also secretory IgA antibodies in the intestine, which then becomes ...
Viruses Scavenger Hunt Guiding Worksheet
... Viruses “Scavenger Hunt” Today, you will learn all about viruses by visiting various stations around the classroom while using a worksheet to guide you. For each question, go to the assigned website/read the article/watch the video and use the information to help you fill in the worksheet. 1. The Ba ...
... Viruses “Scavenger Hunt” Today, you will learn all about viruses by visiting various stations around the classroom while using a worksheet to guide you. For each question, go to the assigned website/read the article/watch the video and use the information to help you fill in the worksheet. 1. The Ba ...
Virus
... b)plant growth – fungus grows on root tips of some plants; plants get benefit of all ready broken down ...
... b)plant growth – fungus grows on root tips of some plants; plants get benefit of all ready broken down ...
HOW HIV INFECTS CELLS
... In general, viruses have very small genomes, which means they can encode a very limited number of their own proteins. For this reason, most viruses must use the proteins provided by their host in order to reproduce (make more viruses). In a way, viruses are parasitic, they bring very little with the ...
... In general, viruses have very small genomes, which means they can encode a very limited number of their own proteins. For this reason, most viruses must use the proteins provided by their host in order to reproduce (make more viruses). In a way, viruses are parasitic, they bring very little with the ...
how hiv infects cells - hrsbstaff.ednet.ns.ca
... DNA - reverse transcriptase, an enzyme that is unique to viruses. Color the reverse transcriptase yellow. Because the HIV virus uses the reverse transcriptase and RNA method, it is known as a retrovirus. The Flu is another example of a retrovirus. Because it is single stranded genetic material, it d ...
... DNA - reverse transcriptase, an enzyme that is unique to viruses. Color the reverse transcriptase yellow. Because the HIV virus uses the reverse transcriptase and RNA method, it is known as a retrovirus. The Flu is another example of a retrovirus. Because it is single stranded genetic material, it d ...
Structure of Bacteria
... CONTROLLING BACTERIA… • HEAT • DISENFECTANTS • FOOD PROCESSES –pasteurization ...
... CONTROLLING BACTERIA… • HEAT • DISENFECTANTS • FOOD PROCESSES –pasteurization ...
Pathogens – Bacteria & Viruses
... Credit: © Dr. George Chapman/Visuals Unlimited T4 Bacteriophages on Escherichia coli) bacteria. T4 bacteriophages are parasites of E. coli, a bacteria common in the human gut. The virus attaches itself to the host bacteria cell wall by its tail fibers. The sheath then contracts, injecting the conte ...
... Credit: © Dr. George Chapman/Visuals Unlimited T4 Bacteriophages on Escherichia coli) bacteria. T4 bacteriophages are parasites of E. coli, a bacteria common in the human gut. The virus attaches itself to the host bacteria cell wall by its tail fibers. The sheath then contracts, injecting the conte ...
CH 18 Viruses and Bacteria Study Guide
... 2. Why is a virus considered a nonliving parasite? 1) Cannot grow, develop or move 2) cannot reproduce on their own. 3. What was the first virus to be discovered? Tobacco Mosaic 4. What does HIV stand for? Human Immunodeficiency Virus 5. Know the difference between Lytic and Lysogenic Cycles. Lytic: ...
... 2. Why is a virus considered a nonliving parasite? 1) Cannot grow, develop or move 2) cannot reproduce on their own. 3. What was the first virus to be discovered? Tobacco Mosaic 4. What does HIV stand for? Human Immunodeficiency Virus 5. Know the difference between Lytic and Lysogenic Cycles. Lytic: ...
Hospitality and Tourism Travel and Tourism Management Multiple Choice Science Assessment Problems
... c. A substance used to destroy pathogens d. Antimicrobial substance that is applied to the skin 7. A virus is made up of two basic components, the protein coat and ___________. a. DNA or RNA b. hard shell c. flagellum d. nucleus 8. The HIV virus is known to infect and destroy a. red blood cells b. k ...
... c. A substance used to destroy pathogens d. Antimicrobial substance that is applied to the skin 7. A virus is made up of two basic components, the protein coat and ___________. a. DNA or RNA b. hard shell c. flagellum d. nucleus 8. The HIV virus is known to infect and destroy a. red blood cells b. k ...
Odds for Controls
... insect vector. • When an insect vector is involved, the disease is also known as an arboviral disease. • However, not all arboviral diseases are zoonosis: where the transmission cycle takes place exclusively between insect vector and human e.g. dengue and urban yellow fever. • Examples of viral zoon ...
... insect vector. • When an insect vector is involved, the disease is also known as an arboviral disease. • However, not all arboviral diseases are zoonosis: where the transmission cycle takes place exclusively between insect vector and human e.g. dengue and urban yellow fever. • Examples of viral zoon ...
Introduction to viruses
A virus is a biological agent that reproduces inside the cells of living hosts. When infected by a virus, a host cell is forced to produce many thousands of identical copies of the original virus, at an extraordinary rate. Unlike most living things, viruses do not have cells that divide; new viruses are assembled in the infected host cell. But unlike still simpler infectious agents, viruses contain genes, which gives them the ability to mutate and evolve. Over 5,000 species of viruses have been discovered.The origins of viruses are unclear: some may have evolved from plasmids—pieces of DNA that can move between cells—while others may have evolved from bacteria. A virus consists of two or three parts: genes, made from either DNA or RNA, long molecules that carry genetic information; a protein coat that protects the genes; and in some viruses, an envelope of fat that surrounds and protects them when they are not contained within a host cell. Viruses vary in shape from the simple helical and icosahedral to more complex structures. Viruses range in size from 20 to 300 nanometres; it would take 30,000 to 750,000 of them, side by side, to stretch to 1 centimetre (0.39 in).Viruses spread in many ways. Just as many viruses are very specific as to which host species or tissue they attack, each species of virus relies on a particular method for propagation. Plant viruses are often spread from plant to plant by insects and other organisms, known as vectors. Some viruses of animals, including humans, are spread by exposure to infected bodily fluids. Viruses such as influenza are spread through the air by droplets of moisture when people cough or sneeze. Viruses such as norovirus are transmitted by the faecal–oral route, which involves the contamination of hands, food and water. Rotavirus is often spread by direct contact with infected children. The human immunodeficiency virus, HIV, is transmitted by bodily fluids transferred during sex. Others, such as the Dengue virus, are spread by blood-sucking insects.Viral infections can cause disease in humans, animals and even plants. However, they are usually eliminated by the immune system, conferring lifetime immunity to the host for that virus. Antibiotics have no effect on viruses, but antiviral drugs have been developed to treat life-threatening infections. Vaccines that produce lifelong immunity can prevent some viral infections.