HYGIENE AND COMMUNICABLE DISEASES
... tekhne ‘art of health’, from hugies ‘healthy’. → conditions or practices that help to maintain health and prevent disease, especially cleanliness. ...
... tekhne ‘art of health’, from hugies ‘healthy’. → conditions or practices that help to maintain health and prevent disease, especially cleanliness. ...
Prions Diseases - Disinfection and Sterilization
... BSE amplified by feeding cattle meat and bone meal infected with BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy) August 2011, (221 cases: 172 UK, 25 France, 4 Ireland, 2 Italy, 3 USA, 2 Canada,1 Saudi Arabia, 1 Japan, 3 Netherlands, 2 Portugal, 5 Spain, 1 Taiwan) Affects young persons (range 13-48y, median 2 ...
... BSE amplified by feeding cattle meat and bone meal infected with BSE (bovine spongiform encephalopathy) August 2011, (221 cases: 172 UK, 25 France, 4 Ireland, 2 Italy, 3 USA, 2 Canada,1 Saudi Arabia, 1 Japan, 3 Netherlands, 2 Portugal, 5 Spain, 1 Taiwan) Affects young persons (range 13-48y, median 2 ...
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease: Recommendations for
... University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7030. ...
... University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7030. ...
Lyme Disease
... Lyme disease is caused by a bacterial infection transmitted by a certain type of tick called Ixodes pacificus. Lyme disease may cause symptoms affecting the skin, nervous system, heart and/or joints of an individual. Why is it called Lyme disease? The first cluster of disease cases associated with t ...
... Lyme disease is caused by a bacterial infection transmitted by a certain type of tick called Ixodes pacificus. Lyme disease may cause symptoms affecting the skin, nervous system, heart and/or joints of an individual. Why is it called Lyme disease? The first cluster of disease cases associated with t ...
5 tcp/rer/3402/edpr/reant - Assistance to Western Balkan Countries
... • Eradication. Initial eradication of disease with eventual total elimination of the pathogen from the country or affected population, including sub-clinical infections if they occur. • This is the highest level of response but may not always be possible, especially where the disease was well-establ ...
... • Eradication. Initial eradication of disease with eventual total elimination of the pathogen from the country or affected population, including sub-clinical infections if they occur. • This is the highest level of response but may not always be possible, especially where the disease was well-establ ...
Animal health: Global support for diagnosing infectious diseases
... to antigens which are unique to specific microorganisms. Because antibodies are only produced after an encounter with a foreign antigen, the presence of specific antibodies is indicative of exposure to, if not infection with, a certain micro-organism. Detection of specific antibodies in blood and ot ...
... to antigens which are unique to specific microorganisms. Because antibodies are only produced after an encounter with a foreign antigen, the presence of specific antibodies is indicative of exposure to, if not infection with, a certain micro-organism. Detection of specific antibodies in blood and ot ...
Infectious Disease Control in Special Situations
... • Proportional number of cases developing in the population that was exposed to an infectious agent ...
... • Proportional number of cases developing in the population that was exposed to an infectious agent ...
Theileria parva infections
... eastern, central and southern Africa, except in the Addo Elephant National Park in South Africa. It is usually non-pathogenic in this species although fatal disease can occur following experimental infection. The parasite persists indefinitely in infected buffaloes in both schizont and piroplasm for ...
... eastern, central and southern Africa, except in the Addo Elephant National Park in South Africa. It is usually non-pathogenic in this species although fatal disease can occur following experimental infection. The parasite persists indefinitely in infected buffaloes in both schizont and piroplasm for ...
![Principles of Infectious Disease Epidemiology [M.Tevfik DORAK]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/008488754_1-76179ba19b00a930e9e3ebf379009450-300x300.png)
Principles of Infectious Disease Epidemiology [M.Tevfik DORAK]
... What is infectious disease epidemiology used for? Identification of causes of new, emerging infections, e.g. HIV, vCJD, SARS Surveillence of infectious disease Identification of source of outbreaks Studies of routes of transmission and natural history of infections Identification of new in ...
... What is infectious disease epidemiology used for? Identification of causes of new, emerging infections, e.g. HIV, vCJD, SARS Surveillence of infectious disease Identification of source of outbreaks Studies of routes of transmission and natural history of infections Identification of new in ...
Chapter 1 Lecture Notes: The History and Scope of Microbiology
... 3. 1898: Loeffler and Frosch – identified filterable infectious agent as cause of foot-and-mouth disease in cattle 4. 1898-1900: M. Beijerinck – identified tobacco mosaic virus 5. 1982: S. Prusiner – described prions (infectious protein that causes a particular normal protein to alter its shape and ...
... 3. 1898: Loeffler and Frosch – identified filterable infectious agent as cause of foot-and-mouth disease in cattle 4. 1898-1900: M. Beijerinck – identified tobacco mosaic virus 5. 1982: S. Prusiner – described prions (infectious protein that causes a particular normal protein to alter its shape and ...
Ch.13 Part II
... • Localized infection – microbes enter the body and remains confined to a specific tissue • Systemic infection – infection spreads to several sites and tissue fluids usually in the bloodstream • Focal infection – when infectious agent breaks loose from a local infection and is carried to other tissu ...
... • Localized infection – microbes enter the body and remains confined to a specific tissue • Systemic infection – infection spreads to several sites and tissue fluids usually in the bloodstream • Focal infection – when infectious agent breaks loose from a local infection and is carried to other tissu ...
Chronic Wasting Disease
... deer, mule deer, elk and moose. It is caused by an infectious protein particle known as a prion. Other diseases caused by prions include “mad cow disease” or bovine spongiform encephalopathy, scrapie in sheep and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in people. There is no curative treatment for animals that co ...
... deer, mule deer, elk and moose. It is caused by an infectious protein particle known as a prion. Other diseases caused by prions include “mad cow disease” or bovine spongiform encephalopathy, scrapie in sheep and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in people. There is no curative treatment for animals that co ...
PhD-abstract-Dr-Okuni
... of the three methods, SSR, MIRU and IS1311 PCR/REA differentiated 21 isolates into 10 distinct strains. Quite unexpectedly, two isolates corresponding to the bison type of MAP and two others of unclassified pattern were found using IS1311-REA. SSRs also showed that MAP isolates from Uganda differ fr ...
... of the three methods, SSR, MIRU and IS1311 PCR/REA differentiated 21 isolates into 10 distinct strains. Quite unexpectedly, two isolates corresponding to the bison type of MAP and two others of unclassified pattern were found using IS1311-REA. SSRs also showed that MAP isolates from Uganda differ fr ...
Facing the Somolian Challenge
... Direct referrals to Health Department for immunizations and PPDs Tyson does not require TB Skin tests Nurse: completed verbal screening and referred to health department ...
... Direct referrals to Health Department for immunizations and PPDs Tyson does not require TB Skin tests Nurse: completed verbal screening and referred to health department ...
Infectious Cattle Diseases and Vaccines
... A) Clostridial diseases: These diseases include Blackleg, Malignant Edema, Black’s Disease, Enterotoxemia and Redwater. All of these are common diseases. The organisms form spores that may survive a long time in hostile environments and yet kill cattle quickly, giving little opportunity for treatmen ...
... A) Clostridial diseases: These diseases include Blackleg, Malignant Edema, Black’s Disease, Enterotoxemia and Redwater. All of these are common diseases. The organisms form spores that may survive a long time in hostile environments and yet kill cattle quickly, giving little opportunity for treatmen ...
skin - Animal Sciences and Industry
... for six consecutive years. In the temperThus, it is unlikely that humans or other in organ transplant patients was about 40 ate zones of North America, the peak mammals play a role in transmission. times higher than the general population. incidence is July through October. In the Birds are the most ...
... for six consecutive years. In the temperThus, it is unlikely that humans or other in organ transplant patients was about 40 ate zones of North America, the peak mammals play a role in transmission. times higher than the general population. incidence is July through October. In the Birds are the most ...
Kawasaki Disease: Not just Japanese Motorbike Aficionados
... and lymph nodes, and typically affects children who are under the age of 5. The cause of Kawasaki Disease is unknown, but if symptoms are recognized early and treatment instituted, children with the disease will generally recover. Untreated, up to one quarter of children develop serious complication ...
... and lymph nodes, and typically affects children who are under the age of 5. The cause of Kawasaki Disease is unknown, but if symptoms are recognized early and treatment instituted, children with the disease will generally recover. Untreated, up to one quarter of children develop serious complication ...
M - What If? Colorado
... CLUSTER. An aggregation of cases of a disease or other health-related condition, which are closely grouped in time and place. The number of cases may or may not exceed the expected number; frequently the expected number is not known. COHORT. A well-defined group of people who have had a common expe ...
... CLUSTER. An aggregation of cases of a disease or other health-related condition, which are closely grouped in time and place. The number of cases may or may not exceed the expected number; frequently the expected number is not known. COHORT. A well-defined group of people who have had a common expe ...
Budi`s place Veterinary clinical skills
... – Where were the case cows when they got sick (place) – What other animals were present around that time and did they get sick – Is there any evidence to suggest where the disease came from • Introduction of disease with new animals • Stress or recent calving in animals can also cause disease • Any ...
... – Where were the case cows when they got sick (place) – What other animals were present around that time and did they get sick – Is there any evidence to suggest where the disease came from • Introduction of disease with new animals • Stress or recent calving in animals can also cause disease • Any ...
Our Worlds are Colliding and Infectious Disease is Winning
... owever, almost all these deaths occur in the nonindustrialized world. Health inequality affects not just how people live but often dictates how and at what age they die. Can we live with this? Where’s our next disease coming from? The answer is that it could come from anywhere in the world—from over ...
... owever, almost all these deaths occur in the nonindustrialized world. Health inequality affects not just how people live but often dictates how and at what age they die. Can we live with this? Where’s our next disease coming from? The answer is that it could come from anywhere in the world—from over ...
Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases
... making a “comeback” • In developed countries, public health measures such as sanitation, sewage treatment, vaccination programs, and access to good medical care have virtually eliminated “traditional” diseases such as: • Diptheria, whooping cough, and tuberculosis • Many of these diseases are becomi ...
... making a “comeback” • In developed countries, public health measures such as sanitation, sewage treatment, vaccination programs, and access to good medical care have virtually eliminated “traditional” diseases such as: • Diptheria, whooping cough, and tuberculosis • Many of these diseases are becomi ...
Mad Cows & Brits with holes in their brains & other
... Influenza A (H5N1) does not pass readily from person to person - not yet!!!! The virus is evolving and the birds are ...
... Influenza A (H5N1) does not pass readily from person to person - not yet!!!! The virus is evolving and the birds are ...
Current perspectives on transfusion transmitted infectious diseases
... Outbreak controlled through veterinary public health ...
... Outbreak controlled through veterinary public health ...
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), commonly known as mad cow disease, is a fatal neurodegenerative disease (encephalopathy) in cattle that causes a spongy degeneration in the brain and spinal cord. BSE has a long incubation period, about 2.5 to 8 years, usually affecting adult cattle at a peak age onset of four to five years, all breeds being equally susceptible. BSE is caused by a misfolded protein--a prion. In the United Kingdom, the country worst affected, more than 180,000 cattle have been infected and 4.4 million slaughtered during the eradication program.The disease may be most easily transmitted to human beings by eating food contaminated with the brain, spinal cord or digestive tract of infected carcasses. However, the infectious agent, although most highly concentrated in nervous tissue, can be found in virtually all tissues throughout the body, including blood. In humans, it is known as new variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD or nvCJD), and by June 2014 it had killed 177 people in the United Kingdom, and 52 elsewhere. Between 460,000 and 482,000 BSE-infected animals had entered the human food chain before controls on high-risk offal were introduced in 1989.A British and Irish inquiry into BSE concluded the epizootic was caused by cattle, which are normally herbivores, being fed the remains of other cattle in the form of meat and bone meal (MBM), which caused the infectious agent to spread. The cause of BSE may be from the contamination of MBM from sheep with scrapie that were processed in the same slaughterhouse. The epidemic was probably accelerated by the recycling of infected bovine tissues prior to the recognition of BSE. The origin of the disease itself remains unknown. The infectious agent is distinctive for the high temperatures at which it remains viable, over 600 °C (about 1100 °F). This contributed to the spread of the disease in the United Kingdom, which had reduced the temperatures used during its rendering process. Another contributory factor was the feeding of infected protein supplements to very young calves.