Case Study Template 1
... in every living cell by the ubiquitous Sec translocon. In bacteria, SecYEG and SecA associate to translocate proteins across the inner membrane post-translationally, powered by ATP and stimulated by the trans-membrane proton motive force (PMF). Despite structural data, the mechanism of how ATP hydro ...
... in every living cell by the ubiquitous Sec translocon. In bacteria, SecYEG and SecA associate to translocate proteins across the inner membrane post-translationally, powered by ATP and stimulated by the trans-membrane proton motive force (PMF). Despite structural data, the mechanism of how ATP hydro ...
Downloadable - University of New Hampshire
... Lipases are extracellular hydrolytic enzymes that comprise the most important group of biocatalysts in various technological applications. Several crystal structures of lipase enzymes have been solved, which reveal a “canonical” α/β hydrolase fold with catalytic triad formed by residues Ser, Asp or ...
... Lipases are extracellular hydrolytic enzymes that comprise the most important group of biocatalysts in various technological applications. Several crystal structures of lipase enzymes have been solved, which reveal a “canonical” α/β hydrolase fold with catalytic triad formed by residues Ser, Asp or ...
Chem*3560 Lecture 26: Cell adhesion and membrane fusion
... membrane, that will be fused to. Altogether, there are 30 types of SNAREs in mammalian cells, and these would distinguish the many different vesicle/target systems in a cell (Lehninger p. 406). When the vesicle approaches the target (it may be brought there by components of the cytoskeleton) v-SNARE ...
... membrane, that will be fused to. Altogether, there are 30 types of SNAREs in mammalian cells, and these would distinguish the many different vesicle/target systems in a cell (Lehninger p. 406). When the vesicle approaches the target (it may be brought there by components of the cytoskeleton) v-SNARE ...
Introduction: More and more researchers are discovering that many
... -The lock and key model or induced fit model of enzymatic activity. In your diagram, make sure to label the entire enzymatic cycle, including product formation and release. -The effect of enzymes on activation energy Note: You may you use diagrams from the Internet or other resources to demonstrate ...
... -The lock and key model or induced fit model of enzymatic activity. In your diagram, make sure to label the entire enzymatic cycle, including product formation and release. -The effect of enzymes on activation energy Note: You may you use diagrams from the Internet or other resources to demonstrate ...
Plasma membrane
... • Passive transport: The transportation of materials across a plasma membrane without using energy. ▫ Diffusion: The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration; a natural result of kinetic molecular energy. ▫ Osmosis: The movement of water or another sol ...
... • Passive transport: The transportation of materials across a plasma membrane without using energy. ▫ Diffusion: The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration; a natural result of kinetic molecular energy. ▫ Osmosis: The movement of water or another sol ...
Lecture 14
... 1. Metalloenzymes: contain tightly bound metal ions: I.e. Fe++, Fe+++, Cu++, Zn++, Mn++, or Co++. 2. Metal-activated enzymes- loosely bind ions Na+, K+, Mg++, or Ca++. They participate in one of three ways: a. They bind substrates to orient then for catalysis b. Through redox reactions gain or loss ...
... 1. Metalloenzymes: contain tightly bound metal ions: I.e. Fe++, Fe+++, Cu++, Zn++, Mn++, or Co++. 2. Metal-activated enzymes- loosely bind ions Na+, K+, Mg++, or Ca++. They participate in one of three ways: a. They bind substrates to orient then for catalysis b. Through redox reactions gain or loss ...
Structures of GRP94-Nucleotide Complexes Reveal Mechanistic
... Structures of GRP94-Nucleotide Complexes Reveal Mechanistic Differences between the Hsp90 Chaperones Life depends on the biochemical activity of the thousands of proteins that inhabit and decorate the surface of every one of our cells. Proteins themselves, although simple linear combinations of the ...
... Structures of GRP94-Nucleotide Complexes Reveal Mechanistic Differences between the Hsp90 Chaperones Life depends on the biochemical activity of the thousands of proteins that inhabit and decorate the surface of every one of our cells. Proteins themselves, although simple linear combinations of the ...
A-Level Biology Unit 4: Chapter 2 ATP Common Exam
... A-Level Biology Unit 4: Chapter 2 ATP Common Exam Questions and Model Answers Why is ATP useful? Broken down in a one step / single bond broken; Immediate energy compound/makes energy available rapidly; Phosphorylates/adds phosphate; Makes (phosphorylated substances) more reactive / lowers a ...
... A-Level Biology Unit 4: Chapter 2 ATP Common Exam Questions and Model Answers Why is ATP useful? Broken down in a one step / single bond broken; Immediate energy compound/makes energy available rapidly; Phosphorylates/adds phosphate; Makes (phosphorylated substances) more reactive / lowers a ...
Structure and mechanism of ATP-dependent phospholipid transporters
... transporter is divided into three major domains; The Actuator domain (A), the Nucleotide binding domain (N) and the phosphorylation domain (P). The P4-ATPases in addition to the αsubunit consist of a β-subunit with two transmembrane spans and a large exoplasmic loop. (D) Model of ion transport throu ...
... transporter is divided into three major domains; The Actuator domain (A), the Nucleotide binding domain (N) and the phosphorylation domain (P). The P4-ATPases in addition to the αsubunit consist of a β-subunit with two transmembrane spans and a large exoplasmic loop. (D) Model of ion transport throu ...
Protocol S1.
... interpolation to the larger dataset for appropriate point in the smaller dataset (Table S2) as the larger dataset with dense points will generate a reliable result. For correlation analysis between the maximum number of cell types and the density of the transmembrane gene duplicates throughout the h ...
... interpolation to the larger dataset for appropriate point in the smaller dataset (Table S2) as the larger dataset with dense points will generate a reliable result. For correlation analysis between the maximum number of cell types and the density of the transmembrane gene duplicates throughout the h ...
Enzymes
... They work under physiological conditions (w/in the constraints of the cells and the organism) -- body temperature 37° C if temp. too low—slow reaction if temp. too high—denature enzyme -- physiological pH of 7 (too high, low denature enzyme) --- salt and metal concentration w/in cell --- substrate ...
... They work under physiological conditions (w/in the constraints of the cells and the organism) -- body temperature 37° C if temp. too low—slow reaction if temp. too high—denature enzyme -- physiological pH of 7 (too high, low denature enzyme) --- salt and metal concentration w/in cell --- substrate ...
Slide 1
... surfaces. Interrelations among typical membrane components are depicted. Proteins that are inserted through the lipid bilayer (A1–A3), termed ‘integral’ membrane proteins, are often glycosylated (dark orange circles), as are some bilayer lipids (D) and many components of the extracellular matrix (E) ...
... surfaces. Interrelations among typical membrane components are depicted. Proteins that are inserted through the lipid bilayer (A1–A3), termed ‘integral’ membrane proteins, are often glycosylated (dark orange circles), as are some bilayer lipids (D) and many components of the extracellular matrix (E) ...
Adenylyl Cyclase FUNCTION
... Enzyme that converts ATP to cAMP Interacts with g proteins and receptors 1064-1353 amino acids long 120-150 kilodaltons ...
... Enzyme that converts ATP to cAMP Interacts with g proteins and receptors 1064-1353 amino acids long 120-150 kilodaltons ...
Enzymes I
... catalysts usually catalyze a number of unwanted side reactions. o Most enzyme-catalyzed reactions are fully reversible. Enzymes have an active site o Substrates bind in a cleft of the protein called the binding site, also known as the catalytic or active site of the enzyme. o Catalysis usually invol ...
... catalysts usually catalyze a number of unwanted side reactions. o Most enzyme-catalyzed reactions are fully reversible. Enzymes have an active site o Substrates bind in a cleft of the protein called the binding site, also known as the catalytic or active site of the enzyme. o Catalysis usually invol ...
ExPlainTraining
... What is ExPlain? ExPlain is a set of tools for the analysis of gene sets and sequences It can be used to: ...
... What is ExPlain? ExPlain is a set of tools for the analysis of gene sets and sequences It can be used to: ...
Chapter 5
... C. can directly form pyruvic acid. *D. Both can enter the Krebs cycle and can reversibly form ketone bodies. ...
... C. can directly form pyruvic acid. *D. Both can enter the Krebs cycle and can reversibly form ketone bodies. ...
Secondary active transport
... Lactose permease (LacY) and the glycerol-3-phosphate transporter (GlpT) of E. coli are members of the MFS of secondary active transporters. LacY, a galactoside/H+ symporter, utilizes the proton gradients of the inner membrane to drive the 100-fold accumulation of lactose inside cell. GlpT, an organo ...
... Lactose permease (LacY) and the glycerol-3-phosphate transporter (GlpT) of E. coli are members of the MFS of secondary active transporters. LacY, a galactoside/H+ symporter, utilizes the proton gradients of the inner membrane to drive the 100-fold accumulation of lactose inside cell. GlpT, an organo ...
I. Characteristics of amino acids and folding of nascent polypeptides
... Post-translational process: After translation of the SS-containing precursor polypeptide, SecA binds to it (at the SS) while in the cytoplasm; an additional chaperone like SecB may also bind to other regions of the polypeptide to keep it from folding. The SecA-precursor protein complex then binds t ...
... Post-translational process: After translation of the SS-containing precursor polypeptide, SecA binds to it (at the SS) while in the cytoplasm; an additional chaperone like SecB may also bind to other regions of the polypeptide to keep it from folding. The SecA-precursor protein complex then binds t ...
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... the Na+ and K+ gradients across animal cell plasma membranes. 2.5.1 Most animal cells have a high concentration of K+ (145 mM) and a low one of Na+ (5 mM) relative the external medium (K+, 5mM; Na+, 150 mM?). (fig.) 2.5.2 The Na+-K+ gradient in animal cells controls cell volume, renders nerve and mu ...
... the Na+ and K+ gradients across animal cell plasma membranes. 2.5.1 Most animal cells have a high concentration of K+ (145 mM) and a low one of Na+ (5 mM) relative the external medium (K+, 5mM; Na+, 150 mM?). (fig.) 2.5.2 The Na+-K+ gradient in animal cells controls cell volume, renders nerve and mu ...
1 TRANSPORT ACROSS MEMBRANES Cell or organelle is not
... Some pores are gated: they open and close in response to control mechanisms Gap junctions between animal cells: they're open most of the time, but will close under some circumstances, like if the cell is damaged and Ca2+ increases Gated pores play a major role in the propagation of nerve impulses Io ...
... Some pores are gated: they open and close in response to control mechanisms Gap junctions between animal cells: they're open most of the time, but will close under some circumstances, like if the cell is damaged and Ca2+ increases Gated pores play a major role in the propagation of nerve impulses Io ...
abstract - UBC Blogs
... pectin regions can cross-link via Ca2+ ions to form stronger gels. Here, we characterize flying saucer1 (fly1), a novel Arabidopsis thaliana seed coat mutant, which displays primary wall detachment, reduced mucilage extrusion, and increased mucilage adherence. These defects appear to result from a l ...
... pectin regions can cross-link via Ca2+ ions to form stronger gels. Here, we characterize flying saucer1 (fly1), a novel Arabidopsis thaliana seed coat mutant, which displays primary wall detachment, reduced mucilage extrusion, and increased mucilage adherence. These defects appear to result from a l ...
Mark scheme - Biology for Life
... tight junctions act as barriers / keep digestive fluids in intestine separate from tissue fluid / maintain concentration gradients / ensure one way flow of absorbed materials; large numbers of mitochondria provide ATP / energy for active uptake / transport / processes; large amount of rER / sER / Go ...
... tight junctions act as barriers / keep digestive fluids in intestine separate from tissue fluid / maintain concentration gradients / ensure one way flow of absorbed materials; large numbers of mitochondria provide ATP / energy for active uptake / transport / processes; large amount of rER / sER / Go ...
Kidney Transporters
... Base/Anion-Cl- exchanger coupled to Na/H+ exchanger causes Cl- to enter cell (tertiary active transport) ...
... Base/Anion-Cl- exchanger coupled to Na/H+ exchanger causes Cl- to enter cell (tertiary active transport) ...
Poster
... in endocytosis by helping to determine the curvature of the formed vesicle. To do this, certain positively charged residues on the concave surface of the FBAR domain of CIP4 interact with the negatively charged membrane phospholipids. CIP4 is important to the lab we are collaborating with because th ...
... in endocytosis by helping to determine the curvature of the formed vesicle. To do this, certain positively charged residues on the concave surface of the FBAR domain of CIP4 interact with the negatively charged membrane phospholipids. CIP4 is important to the lab we are collaborating with because th ...
P-type ATPase
The P-type ATPases, also known as E1-E2 ATPases, are a large group of evolutionarily related ion and lipid pumps that are found in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes. They are α-helical bundle primary transporters referred to as P-type ATPases because they catalyze auto- (or self-) phosphorylation of a key conserved aspartate residue within the pump. In addition, they all appear to interconvert between at least two different conformations, denoted by E1 and E2.Most members of this transporter family are specific for the pumping of a large array of cations, however one subfamily is involved in flipping phospholipids to maintain the asymmetric nature of the biomembrane.Prominent examples of P-type ATPases are the sodium-potassium pump (Na+,K+-ATPase), the plasma membrane proton pump (H+-ATPase), the proton-potassium pump (H+,K+-ATPase), and the calcium pump (Ca2+-ATPase).