Logic Programming, Functional Programming, and Inductive
... fixedpoints, ordinals, and inductive definitions, not that of classical first-order logic. In different situations, either view of logic programming — inductive definitions or first-order logic — could be more useful. Where the Closed World Assumption is wrong, so is the inductive view. Below we con ...
... fixedpoints, ordinals, and inductive definitions, not that of classical first-order logic. In different situations, either view of logic programming — inductive definitions or first-order logic — could be more useful. Where the Closed World Assumption is wrong, so is the inductive view. Below we con ...
Norm-based deontic logic for access control, some
... that they classify what is obligatory, permitted or forbidden. An access control policy is a set of norms defining which user is to be granted access to which resource under which circumstances. Compared to SDL, norm-based deontic logic has the following advantages. 1. Norm-based deontic logic solve ...
... that they classify what is obligatory, permitted or forbidden. An access control policy is a set of norms defining which user is to be granted access to which resource under which circumstances. Compared to SDL, norm-based deontic logic has the following advantages. 1. Norm-based deontic logic solve ...
Definability properties and the congruence closure
... A-interpolation is transformed in one for Beth property using a tree technique due to Friedman [Fr], and later generalized in [MaSh1, 2]. Recently Hella [HI has shown strong results which intersect at some points with ours, implying for example that AL,o,o(Q~,Q,+ 1) and Beth L~oo,(Q~)are not finitel ...
... A-interpolation is transformed in one for Beth property using a tree technique due to Friedman [Fr], and later generalized in [MaSh1, 2]. Recently Hella [HI has shown strong results which intersect at some points with ours, implying for example that AL,o,o(Q~,Q,+ 1) and Beth L~oo,(Q~)are not finitel ...
A Hennessy-Milner Property for Many
... complete linearly ordered integral commutative residuated lattices. This framework spans, in particular, the families of Gödel and Lukasiewicz modal logics studied in [22,8,7] and [20], respectively. However, we restrict our attention in this paper to crisp many-valued modal logics where accessibil ...
... complete linearly ordered integral commutative residuated lattices. This framework spans, in particular, the families of Gödel and Lukasiewicz modal logics studied in [22,8,7] and [20], respectively. However, we restrict our attention in this paper to crisp many-valued modal logics where accessibil ...
Nonmonotonic Reasoning - Computer Science Department
... capable of simulating higher human cognitive functions. ...
... capable of simulating higher human cognitive functions. ...
Answer Sets for Propositional Theories
... set of a program, each atom occurs in the head of a rule of that program [Lifschitz, 1996, Section 3.1]. Proposition 3. Each answer set of a theory consists of atoms that have a strictly positive occurrence in some formula of that theory. The following two propositions were stated in [Ferraris and L ...
... set of a program, each atom occurs in the head of a rule of that program [Lifschitz, 1996, Section 3.1]. Proposition 3. Each answer set of a theory consists of atoms that have a strictly positive occurrence in some formula of that theory. The following two propositions were stated in [Ferraris and L ...
Only-Knowing - Department of Computer Science
... stands for ¬K¬β. It turns out that this translation is not always faithful as there are cases where the AEL default admits extensions which are not DL extensions. The problem is, roughly, that in DL what is believed and what is consistent to believe are not duals. To account for this asymmetry, Lin ...
... stands for ¬K¬β. It turns out that this translation is not always faithful as there are cases where the AEL default admits extensions which are not DL extensions. The problem is, roughly, that in DL what is believed and what is consistent to believe are not duals. To account for this asymmetry, Lin ...
From p
... true formulae given a set of formulae that are assumed to be true. The first nine simply state that we can infer certain wffs from other wffs. The last rule however uses hypothetical reasoning in the sense that in the premise of the rule we temporarily assume an (unproven) hypothesis to be part of t ...
... true formulae given a set of formulae that are assumed to be true. The first nine simply state that we can infer certain wffs from other wffs. The last rule however uses hypothetical reasoning in the sense that in the premise of the rule we temporarily assume an (unproven) hypothesis to be part of t ...
Um Provador de Teoremas Multi-Estratégia A Multi
... CPL, mbC, and mCi and we would be able to obtain Backjumping versions of them by implementing a Backjumping Aspect that changes the behavior of these strategies. An obvious KEMS extension is to develop strategies for C1 , the simplest in da Costa’s Cn hierarchy of paraconsistent logics [27]. To achi ...
... CPL, mbC, and mCi and we would be able to obtain Backjumping versions of them by implementing a Backjumping Aspect that changes the behavior of these strategies. An obvious KEMS extension is to develop strategies for C1 , the simplest in da Costa’s Cn hierarchy of paraconsistent logics [27]. To achi ...
General Dynamic Dynamic Logic
... are captured by hπi and [A, G, H, a]. L(P, R) is already dynamic in the first sense but not in the second. We think of each element d of D as representing a possible action whose effect on M is to transform it to Gd M . This could be an announcement, a belief or preference change, or something far m ...
... are captured by hπi and [A, G, H, a]. L(P, R) is already dynamic in the first sense but not in the second. We think of each element d of D as representing a possible action whose effect on M is to transform it to Gd M . This could be an announcement, a belief or preference change, or something far m ...
Artificial Intelligence - Department of Computing
... • At the end of the module students should be able to: – Describe methods for acquiring human knowledge. – Evaluate which of the acquisition methods would be most appropriate in a given situation. – Describe techniques for representing acquired knowledge in a way that facilitates automated reasoning ...
... • At the end of the module students should be able to: – Describe methods for acquiring human knowledge. – Evaluate which of the acquisition methods would be most appropriate in a given situation. – Describe techniques for representing acquired knowledge in a way that facilitates automated reasoning ...
Last Lecture Today
... – The vocabulary that experts use to express facts and relations is often limited and not understood by others – The approach of each expert to a situation assessment may be different yet correct – It is difficult to abstract good situational assessments when under time pressure – Users of ES have n ...
... – The vocabulary that experts use to express facts and relations is often limited and not understood by others – The approach of each expert to a situation assessment may be different yet correct – It is difficult to abstract good situational assessments when under time pressure – Users of ES have n ...
Logic Programming for Knowledge Representation
... The concept of strong equivalence was introduced in [33]. That paper also presented a complete characterization of strong equivalence in terms of the equivalence in the logic here-and-there [29]. We note in passing that while a necessary condition, having the same answer sets is not sufficient for two ...
... The concept of strong equivalence was introduced in [33]. That paper also presented a complete characterization of strong equivalence in terms of the equivalence in the logic here-and-there [29]. We note in passing that while a necessary condition, having the same answer sets is not sufficient for two ...
Here`s the beef: Answer Set Programming
... knowledge-intensive applications. Essentially all ASP systems that have been developed so far contain two major components. The first of them, a grounder, grounds an input program, that is, produces its compact propositional equivalent, often by appeal to advanced database techniques. The input lan ...
... knowledge-intensive applications. Essentially all ASP systems that have been developed so far contain two major components. The first of them, a grounder, grounds an input program, that is, produces its compact propositional equivalent, often by appeal to advanced database techniques. The input lan ...
Introduction to Predicate Logic
... 2. If α is a constant, then [[α]] is specified by a function V (in the model M ) that assigns an individual object to each constant. [[α]]M,g = V (α) If P is a predicate, then [[P ]] is specified by a function V (in the model M ) that assigns a set-theoretic objects to each predicate. [[P ]]M,g = V ...
... 2. If α is a constant, then [[α]] is specified by a function V (in the model M ) that assigns an individual object to each constant. [[α]]M,g = V (α) If P is a predicate, then [[P ]] is specified by a function V (in the model M ) that assigns a set-theoretic objects to each predicate. [[P ]]M,g = V ...
Tactics for Separation Logic Abstract Andrew W. Appel INRIA Rocquencourt & Princeton University
... it is more straightforward to accommand C, and postcondition Q, the same boolean cept the fact that the logic for reasoning about a expressions and integer variables can appear in P or program should be more expressive than the proQ as a logical formula and in C as a part of the programming language ...
... it is more straightforward to accommand C, and postcondition Q, the same boolean cept the fact that the logic for reasoning about a expressions and integer variables can appear in P or program should be more expressive than the proQ as a logical formula and in C as a part of the programming language ...
Fuzzy logic
Fuzzy logic is a form of many-valued logic in which the truth values of variables may be any real number between 0 and 1. By contrast, in Boolean logic, the truth values of variables may only be 0 or 1. Fuzzy logic has been extended to handle the concept of partial truth, where the truth value may range between completely true and completely false. Furthermore, when linguistic variables are used, these degrees may be managed by specific functions.The term fuzzy logic was introduced with the 1965 proposal of fuzzy set theory by Lotfi A. Zadeh. Fuzzy logic has been applied to many fields, from control theory to artificial intelligence. Fuzzy logic had however been studied since the 1920s, as infinite-valued logic—notably by Łukasiewicz and Tarski.