Modeling Dynamics of Patchy Landscapes: Linking Metapopulation
... competition, predator-prey interactions, plant succession, spread of disturbance, nutrient dynamics, etc. Process modifies existing pattern and creates new pattern; pattern enhances or constrains ecological processes. Because of the dual relationship, ecologists must link pattern and process in thei ...
... competition, predator-prey interactions, plant succession, spread of disturbance, nutrient dynamics, etc. Process modifies existing pattern and creates new pattern; pattern enhances or constrains ecological processes. Because of the dual relationship, ecologists must link pattern and process in thei ...
Habitat isolation and ecological barriers
... over the last two decades ecologists have turned their attention toward the role played by spatial heterogeneity. W iens (1976) was one o f the first authors to point out this problem very strongly. Recently, spatial heterogeneity is considered as one o f the basic factors influencing both populatio ...
... over the last two decades ecologists have turned their attention toward the role played by spatial heterogeneity. W iens (1976) was one o f the first authors to point out this problem very strongly. Recently, spatial heterogeneity is considered as one o f the basic factors influencing both populatio ...
Conserving Biodiversity Notes (5.3)
... nitrogen and phosphorus (fertilizers) flow into waterways, causing extensive ____________ growth. The algae use up the ____________ supply during their rapid growth and after their deaths during the decaying process. Other organisms in the water ____________. ...
... nitrogen and phosphorus (fertilizers) flow into waterways, causing extensive ____________ growth. The algae use up the ____________ supply during their rapid growth and after their deaths during the decaying process. Other organisms in the water ____________. ...
Predicting rates of interspecific interaction from phylogenetic trees
... branch of a phylogenetic tree is independent of change along every other branch (e.g. Brownian motion, Ornstein–Uhlenbeck or early-burst models; see below for more details). In other words, even in clades like anoles, where there is wide agreement that species interactions affect evolution, macroevo ...
... branch of a phylogenetic tree is independent of change along every other branch (e.g. Brownian motion, Ornstein–Uhlenbeck or early-burst models; see below for more details). In other words, even in clades like anoles, where there is wide agreement that species interactions affect evolution, macroevo ...
Ecological and evolutionary consequences of biotic homogenization
... Genetic homogenization can be quantified using a variety of genetic characteristics, such as the allelic composition of a particular locus or set of loci (i.e. identity of genotypes), their frequencies (i.e. relative abundance of genotypes), or by one of many metrics derived from the above parameter ...
... Genetic homogenization can be quantified using a variety of genetic characteristics, such as the allelic composition of a particular locus or set of loci (i.e. identity of genotypes), their frequencies (i.e. relative abundance of genotypes), or by one of many metrics derived from the above parameter ...
I. ECOLOGY ECOLOGY - definition ECOLOGY
... “The study of the patterns of nature and how those patterns came to be, and how they change in space and time” (Kingsland 1985) “The study of the relationships between organisms and their physical and biological environment” (Ehrlich abd Roughgarden 1987) ...
... “The study of the patterns of nature and how those patterns came to be, and how they change in space and time” (Kingsland 1985) “The study of the relationships between organisms and their physical and biological environment” (Ehrlich abd Roughgarden 1987) ...
BSU Chapter 14 Reading Guide Evolution
... humans closely resembled apes in many characteristics, the possibility that there might be a direct evolutionary relationship was unacceptable to many. Darwin did not actually discuss this idea in his book, but it followed directly from the principles he outlined. In a subsequent book, The Descent o ...
... humans closely resembled apes in many characteristics, the possibility that there might be a direct evolutionary relationship was unacceptable to many. Darwin did not actually discuss this idea in his book, but it followed directly from the principles he outlined. In a subsequent book, The Descent o ...
Vertical distribution and population structure of the three dominant
... Monthly samples were collected with 0.1 mm mesh closing nets hauled vertically through five con tiguous discrete depths between the surface and ~2000 m. D. pseudodiscophora occurred predomi nantly from the base of the thermocline to a depth of 500 m. O. haddoni and M. skogsbergi occurred somewhat de ...
... Monthly samples were collected with 0.1 mm mesh closing nets hauled vertically through five con tiguous discrete depths between the surface and ~2000 m. D. pseudodiscophora occurred predomi nantly from the base of the thermocline to a depth of 500 m. O. haddoni and M. skogsbergi occurred somewhat de ...
NEWS
... co‐produced by those who will eventually use it. The project used a workshop to explore the communication difficulties, needs and views of leading researchers, policy makers and intermediaries such as ENGOs and environmental journalists. This information is currently directing th ...
... co‐produced by those who will eventually use it. The project used a workshop to explore the communication difficulties, needs and views of leading researchers, policy makers and intermediaries such as ENGOs and environmental journalists. This information is currently directing th ...
Flora – Nationally Vulnerable species
... (http://www..nt.gov.au/nreta/wildlife/animals/threatened/pdf/birds/australian_bustard_ vu.pdf) ........................................................................................................................... 24 Conservation status .......................................................... ...
... (http://www..nt.gov.au/nreta/wildlife/animals/threatened/pdf/birds/australian_bustard_ vu.pdf) ........................................................................................................................... 24 Conservation status .......................................................... ...
Chapter 9 - Oceans @ Duke
... phylogeographic relationships among different chemosynthetic habitats, evidence of conduits and barriers to gene flow among those habitats, and environmental factors that control diversity and distribution of chemosynthetically driven fauna. Investigations of chemosynthetic environments in the deep ...
... phylogeographic relationships among different chemosynthetic habitats, evidence of conduits and barriers to gene flow among those habitats, and environmental factors that control diversity and distribution of chemosynthetically driven fauna. Investigations of chemosynthetic environments in the deep ...
Ecological Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Higher Plants
... In ecological risk assessment of transgenic plants, information on a wide range of subjects is needed for an effective and reliable assessment procedure. The information obtained from literature, field trials, laboratory and greenhouse tests have to be interpreted in a structured and well-defined ma ...
... In ecological risk assessment of transgenic plants, information on a wide range of subjects is needed for an effective and reliable assessment procedure. The information obtained from literature, field trials, laboratory and greenhouse tests have to be interpreted in a structured and well-defined ma ...
Erik Trond Aschehoug
... E., Aschehoug, E.T., and R.M. Callaway. 2014. Facilitative plant interactions and climate simultaneously drive alpine plant diversity. Ecology Letters 17:193-202 9. Metlen, K.L., Aschehoug, E.T., Callaway, R.M. 2013. A native conifer indirectly facilitates one invader and suppresses another by modif ...
... E., Aschehoug, E.T., and R.M. Callaway. 2014. Facilitative plant interactions and climate simultaneously drive alpine plant diversity. Ecology Letters 17:193-202 9. Metlen, K.L., Aschehoug, E.T., Callaway, R.M. 2013. A native conifer indirectly facilitates one invader and suppresses another by modif ...
ktf0482
... areas where submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) or seepage occurs rather than in estuaries (Ruwa and Polk, 1986). Mangrove forests in Kenya are currently being heavily exploited (Kokwaro, 1986) especially in urban areas where they are under environmental stress due to uncontrolled disposal of dome ...
... areas where submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) or seepage occurs rather than in estuaries (Ruwa and Polk, 1986). Mangrove forests in Kenya are currently being heavily exploited (Kokwaro, 1986) especially in urban areas where they are under environmental stress due to uncontrolled disposal of dome ...
Vascular plants in modern agricultural landscapes of SE Norway
... by serving as the only hospitable habitat islands for a wide range of species (Cousins and Lindborg, 2008). Linear landscape elements such as ditches, hedgerows, field margins and road verges may also function as habitats in their own right as well as by linking habitat patches together (Berge and H ...
... by serving as the only hospitable habitat islands for a wide range of species (Cousins and Lindborg, 2008). Linear landscape elements such as ditches, hedgerows, field margins and road verges may also function as habitats in their own right as well as by linking habitat patches together (Berge and H ...
Frontiers in Polar Biology - Division on Earth and Life Studies
... The report recommends that the NSF continue short- and long-term efforts to increase public awareness of polar biology. Plans should include the incorporation of polar biology in K-12 curricula, undergraduate, and graduate studies. At the postdoctoral level, fellowships could encourage young scienti ...
... The report recommends that the NSF continue short- and long-term efforts to increase public awareness of polar biology. Plans should include the incorporation of polar biology in K-12 curricula, undergraduate, and graduate studies. At the postdoctoral level, fellowships could encourage young scienti ...
Introduction to Landscape Ecology
... the behavior. Upper levels constrain the focal level and provide significance. Lower levels provide details required to explain response of focal levels. ...
... the behavior. Upper levels constrain the focal level and provide significance. Lower levels provide details required to explain response of focal levels. ...
articolo completo - Società Italiana Scienza della
... 2. The bolt hypothesis says that each species plays a more or less important role in the ecosystem, thus many of them are not indispensable for it to survive, as the bolts of a plane. If we lose a few of them, the plane will be able to continue flying but if we keep losing bolts, the moment will com ...
... 2. The bolt hypothesis says that each species plays a more or less important role in the ecosystem, thus many of them are not indispensable for it to survive, as the bolts of a plane. If we lose a few of them, the plane will be able to continue flying but if we keep losing bolts, the moment will com ...
Distribution and Reproductive Characteristics of Nonindigenous and
... collected in or around harbors and gradually dispersed to neighboring areas. However, there is little information on the current distribution patterns of these plants throughout the Hawaiian Islands. To determine if these nonindigenous algae (or invasive indigenous species) are indeed posing threats ...
... collected in or around harbors and gradually dispersed to neighboring areas. However, there is little information on the current distribution patterns of these plants throughout the Hawaiian Islands. To determine if these nonindigenous algae (or invasive indigenous species) are indeed posing threats ...
Food Web Network Structure
... Dunne, J.A., R.J. Williams, & N.D. Martinez (2002) Food-web structure and network theory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 99: 12917-12922. Dunne, J.A., R.J. Williams, & N.D. Martinez (2004) Network structure and robustness of marine food webs. ...
... Dunne, J.A., R.J. Williams, & N.D. Martinez (2002) Food-web structure and network theory. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 99: 12917-12922. Dunne, J.A., R.J. Williams, & N.D. Martinez (2004) Network structure and robustness of marine food webs. ...
Biodiversity and Management of Natural Resources
... organisms and the ecological complexes in which they occur" (OTA 1987). Because of the breadth of diversity manifested in the ecological hierarchy, definitions are necessarily general. Biodiversity can be recognized at four levels in a biological hierarchy (Noss 1983; Norse et al. 1986; OTA 1987): ( ...
... organisms and the ecological complexes in which they occur" (OTA 1987). Because of the breadth of diversity manifested in the ecological hierarchy, definitions are necessarily general. Biodiversity can be recognized at four levels in a biological hierarchy (Noss 1983; Norse et al. 1986; OTA 1987): ( ...
Soil phosphorus heterogeneity promotes tree species diversity and
... The niche theory predicts that environmental heterogeneity and species diversity are positively correlated in tropical forests, whereas the neutral theory suggests that stochastic processes are more important in determining species diversity. This study sought to investigate the effects of soil nutr ...
... The niche theory predicts that environmental heterogeneity and species diversity are positively correlated in tropical forests, whereas the neutral theory suggests that stochastic processes are more important in determining species diversity. This study sought to investigate the effects of soil nutr ...
A Critical Review of Twenty Years` Use of the Resource
... well as interactions between resource needs that lead to different zero-net-growth isoclines. Phillips (1973) used linked equations of resource and consumer dynamics to demonstrate that coexistence requires an equal or greater number of resources than consumer species and some combination of resourc ...
... well as interactions between resource needs that lead to different zero-net-growth isoclines. Phillips (1973) used linked equations of resource and consumer dynamics to demonstrate that coexistence requires an equal or greater number of resources than consumer species and some combination of resourc ...
Biogeography
Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time. Organisms and biological communities often vary in a regular fashion along geographic gradients of latitude, elevation, isolation and habitat area. Phytogeography is the branch of biogeography that studies the distribution of plants. Zoogeography is the branch that studies distribution of animals.Knowledge of spatial variation in the numbers and types of organisms is as vital to us today as it was to our early human ancestors, as we adapt to heterogeneous but geographically predictable environments. Biogeography is an integrative field of inquiry that unites concepts and information from ecology, evolutionary biology, geology, and physical geography.Modern biogeographic research combines information and ideas from many fields, from the physiological and ecological constraints on organismal dispersal to geological and climatological phenomena operating at global spatial scales and evolutionary time frames.The short-term interactions within a habitat and species of organisms describe the ecological application of biogeography. Historical biogeography describes the long-term, evolutionary periods of time for broader classifications of organisms. Early scientists, beginning with Carl Linnaeus, contributed theories to the contributions of the development of biogeography as a science. Beginning in the mid-18th century, Europeans explored the world and discovered the biodiversity of life. Linnaeus initiated the ways to classify organisms through his exploration of undiscovered territories.The scientific theory of biogeography grows out of the work of Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859), Hewett Cottrell Watson (1804–1881), Alphonse de Candolle (1806–1893), Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913), Philip Lutley Sclater (1829–1913) and other biologists and explorers.