Species extinctions in food webs – local and regional processes Anna Eklöf
... Loss of biodiversity is one of the most severe threats to the ecosystems of the world. The major causes behind the high population and species extinction rates are anthropogenic activities such as overharvesting of natural populations, pollution, climate change and destruction and fragmentation of n ...
... Loss of biodiversity is one of the most severe threats to the ecosystems of the world. The major causes behind the high population and species extinction rates are anthropogenic activities such as overharvesting of natural populations, pollution, climate change and destruction and fragmentation of n ...
Sterling, Bynum, et al. Why Should You Care About Biologic…
... resources for conservation and research, we cannot invest this amount of effort on all of the existing species with small or declining populations (much less species heading for these categories). Therefore, genetic work needs to be undertaken in combination with conservation at larger scales. Conse ...
... resources for conservation and research, we cannot invest this amount of effort on all of the existing species with small or declining populations (much less species heading for these categories). Therefore, genetic work needs to be undertaken in combination with conservation at larger scales. Conse ...
EVPP 111 Lecture - Biomes
... – most diverse ecosystems on earth • contain ~ half of all species of terrestrial plants and animals – in 1sq mi of tropical forest in Rondonia, Brazil there are 1200 species of butterflies » 2X number found in U.S. & Canada combined ...
... – most diverse ecosystems on earth • contain ~ half of all species of terrestrial plants and animals – in 1sq mi of tropical forest in Rondonia, Brazil there are 1200 species of butterflies » 2X number found in U.S. & Canada combined ...
Effects of land use on plant diversity
... options on plant diversity and their covariables. We found important covariables of specific land-use classes but little evidence that land-use effects can be generally explained by their environmental and socio-economic context. We also found a strong regional bias in the number of studies (i.e. mo ...
... options on plant diversity and their covariables. We found important covariables of specific land-use classes but little evidence that land-use effects can be generally explained by their environmental and socio-economic context. We also found a strong regional bias in the number of studies (i.e. mo ...
invaders in suspension-feeder systems: variations along the
... distribution of bottom substrates, from sand (COS, Fig. 1) and mixture of stones and gravel (COH) in the coastal zone to silt in the intermediate zone (INT) and mud with clay in the halocline area (HAL). Wave exposure is the most important factor shaping stony and sandy bottom biotopes and bottom ma ...
... distribution of bottom substrates, from sand (COS, Fig. 1) and mixture of stones and gravel (COH) in the coastal zone to silt in the intermediate zone (INT) and mud with clay in the halocline area (HAL). Wave exposure is the most important factor shaping stony and sandy bottom biotopes and bottom ma ...
What is geography?
... close an area may be to raw materials if they are not located specifically on the site. Though its site has made living in the nation challenging, Bhutan's situation has allowed it to maintain its policies of isolation as well as its own highly separated and traditionally religious culture. Identify ...
... close an area may be to raw materials if they are not located specifically on the site. Though its site has made living in the nation challenging, Bhutan's situation has allowed it to maintain its policies of isolation as well as its own highly separated and traditionally religious culture. Identify ...
Species diversity and dominance-richness relationships for ground
... Namibia has high levels of invertebrate endemism, but biodiversity research has been geographically and taxonomically restricted. In South African savannah, species richness of ground-foraging ant assemblages is regulated by dominant ant species. However, this pattern has not been tested in other ar ...
... Namibia has high levels of invertebrate endemism, but biodiversity research has been geographically and taxonomically restricted. In South African savannah, species richness of ground-foraging ant assemblages is regulated by dominant ant species. However, this pattern has not been tested in other ar ...
Ecology
... Why are the cycles important? How do organisms interact with each other? How can we show trends in populations over time? ...
... Why are the cycles important? How do organisms interact with each other? How can we show trends in populations over time? ...
Distribution and Reproductive Characteristics of
... collected in or around harbors and gradually dispersed to neighboring areas. However, there is little information on the current distribution patterns of these plants throughout the Hawaiian Islands. To determine if these nonindigenous algae (or invasive indigenous species) are indeed posing threats ...
... collected in or around harbors and gradually dispersed to neighboring areas. However, there is little information on the current distribution patterns of these plants throughout the Hawaiian Islands. To determine if these nonindigenous algae (or invasive indigenous species) are indeed posing threats ...
EOC notecard review - week of 03.14.16.notebook
... matter within their ecosystem. The tropical rain forest is found near the equator. It has abundant rainfall, stays very humid and experiences an average summer temperature of 25oC. Many exotic types of plants and birds make their home in the rain forest. Primates and other mammals can also b ...
... matter within their ecosystem. The tropical rain forest is found near the equator. It has abundant rainfall, stays very humid and experiences an average summer temperature of 25oC. Many exotic types of plants and birds make their home in the rain forest. Primates and other mammals can also b ...
conclusions from phytoplankton surveys
... facto existence. If equilibral species (K-strategists) are absent, alternative early successional colonists replace each other, even if the circumstances are appropriate for a progress towards an ‘equilibrial species’ dominated community (Padisák, 1993). Diversity and disturbance, despite the demons ...
... facto existence. If equilibral species (K-strategists) are absent, alternative early successional colonists replace each other, even if the circumstances are appropriate for a progress towards an ‘equilibrial species’ dominated community (Padisák, 1993). Diversity and disturbance, despite the demons ...
Meta-ecosystems: a theoretical framework for a spatial ecosystem
... equilibrium from ecosystem k to ecosystem j for compartment i, this equation says that the total net spatial flow across the boundaries of ecosystem j must vanish at equilibrium, which means that some compartments must be sources whereas others must be sinks in each ecosystem. Thus, this equation ca ...
... equilibrium from ecosystem k to ecosystem j for compartment i, this equation says that the total net spatial flow across the boundaries of ecosystem j must vanish at equilibrium, which means that some compartments must be sources whereas others must be sinks in each ecosystem. Thus, this equation ca ...
Small Mammals in Mbeere, Kenya
... are also observed to decrease alongside land use (Gilpin, et al., 1982). Although there is a general consensus that diversity of species decrease in such sites, it is no longer sufficient to assume a simple correspondence between patterns of land use to diversity and distribution of flora and fauna, ...
... are also observed to decrease alongside land use (Gilpin, et al., 1982). Although there is a general consensus that diversity of species decrease in such sites, it is no longer sufficient to assume a simple correspondence between patterns of land use to diversity and distribution of flora and fauna, ...
A5.aa Pontic infralittoral sands and muddy sands with stable
... Several elements of the “quality” of Phyllophora beds have been studied, including time series data comparing 3 patches of the SPF with regard to depth of occurrence, thickness of seaweed layers, biomass, and area covered, as well as the species composition of the benthic community. Characteristic s ...
... Several elements of the “quality” of Phyllophora beds have been studied, including time series data comparing 3 patches of the SPF with regard to depth of occurrence, thickness of seaweed layers, biomass, and area covered, as well as the species composition of the benthic community. Characteristic s ...
17. A brief history of the Megapodes (Megapodiidae)
... be primitive representatives of the megapodes, hence the name Quercymegapodiidae after Quercy, one of the sites at which they were found (Mourer-Chauviré 1992). Subsequently, additional species were described from specimens elsewhere in Europe and from Brazil. Further studies since then have conclud ...
... be primitive representatives of the megapodes, hence the name Quercymegapodiidae after Quercy, one of the sites at which they were found (Mourer-Chauviré 1992). Subsequently, additional species were described from specimens elsewhere in Europe and from Brazil. Further studies since then have conclud ...
species diversity
... declines of birds and mammals • Habitat change hurts most organisms because they are adapted to an existing habitat. • Alteration due to: Forest clearing Urban development, Agriculture Global climate change, etc…. ...
... declines of birds and mammals • Habitat change hurts most organisms because they are adapted to an existing habitat. • Alteration due to: Forest clearing Urban development, Agriculture Global climate change, etc…. ...
video slide
... 1795 Hutton proposes his theory of gradualism. 1798 Malthus publishes “Essay on the Principle of Population.” 1809 Lamarck publishes his theory of evolution. 1830 Lyell publishes Principles of Geology. 1831–1936 Darwin travels around the world on HMS Beagle. 1837 Darwin begins his notebooks on the o ...
... 1795 Hutton proposes his theory of gradualism. 1798 Malthus publishes “Essay on the Principle of Population.” 1809 Lamarck publishes his theory of evolution. 1830 Lyell publishes Principles of Geology. 1831–1936 Darwin travels around the world on HMS Beagle. 1837 Darwin begins his notebooks on the o ...
Applied Community Ecology
... • Management of Multispecies Fisheries • Most natural exploited fish populations are components of more complex food webs • Unfortunately, many fisheries managers tend to be population biologists and typically focus on the target species with little regard for the web context ...
... • Management of Multispecies Fisheries • Most natural exploited fish populations are components of more complex food webs • Unfortunately, many fisheries managers tend to be population biologists and typically focus on the target species with little regard for the web context ...
Philosophy and Biodiversity - Assets
... Whatever we think of the origin of this ability, both sides must admit that humans need organisms for food, fiber, medicines, tools, and many other purposes. To utilize natural diversity, we have to categorize things; to categorize, we need the criteria of similarity and difference, by means of whic ...
... Whatever we think of the origin of this ability, both sides must admit that humans need organisms for food, fiber, medicines, tools, and many other purposes. To utilize natural diversity, we have to categorize things; to categorize, we need the criteria of similarity and difference, by means of whic ...
Biological and ecological traits of marine species
... were easily available, and their inclusion would result in new research and/or management applications. Numerical traits were favoured over categorical. Habitat was excluded as it can be derived from a selection of these traits. Ten traits were prioritized for inclusion in the most comprehensive ope ...
... were easily available, and their inclusion would result in new research and/or management applications. Numerical traits were favoured over categorical. Habitat was excluded as it can be derived from a selection of these traits. Ten traits were prioritized for inclusion in the most comprehensive ope ...
a comparison of maximum sprint speed among the five
... determine whole-animal physiological differences associated with thermal aspects of their habitats, we quantified and compared maximum sprint speed at four ecologically significant temperatures. This study is unique among lizard studies due to the high degree of morphological similarity exhibited by ...
... determine whole-animal physiological differences associated with thermal aspects of their habitats, we quantified and compared maximum sprint speed at four ecologically significant temperatures. This study is unique among lizard studies due to the high degree of morphological similarity exhibited by ...
Trade-offs in community ecology: linking spatial scales and species
... Pacala 1993). These trade-offs are predicted to lead to coexistence at different spatial scales, but without any explicit connection among the scales. As examples, we consider McPeek’s studies of interspecific interactions among larval damselflies living in lakes, and Tilman’s studies on herbaceous ...
... Pacala 1993). These trade-offs are predicted to lead to coexistence at different spatial scales, but without any explicit connection among the scales. As examples, we consider McPeek’s studies of interspecific interactions among larval damselflies living in lakes, and Tilman’s studies on herbaceous ...
Biodiversity and Climate Change: Integrating
... & Griffen 2003), and drought tolerance (Ramirez-Valiente et al. 2009) all exhibit significant genetic variation shaped by selection along environmental gradients. Niche evolutionary lability, however, requires much more than the mere existence of genetic variance for traits involved in niche definit ...
... & Griffen 2003), and drought tolerance (Ramirez-Valiente et al. 2009) all exhibit significant genetic variation shaped by selection along environmental gradients. Niche evolutionary lability, however, requires much more than the mere existence of genetic variance for traits involved in niche definit ...
Community Patterns in Source
... ability at low dispersal, but this relation disappeared as dispersal increased (fig. 1b). To study species rank abundance distributions, we used a larger metacommunity (40 species and 40 communities). The matrix of species parameters was chosen such that each species was the best competitor in one c ...
... ability at low dispersal, but this relation disappeared as dispersal increased (fig. 1b). To study species rank abundance distributions, we used a larger metacommunity (40 species and 40 communities). The matrix of species parameters was chosen such that each species was the best competitor in one c ...
Species Invasions Exceed Extinctions on Islands Worldwide: A
... colonization exist (e.g., Newmark 1995). Islands, however, are noteworthy because it is the extinction of island endemics that has caused some of the most severe losses to the global richness of species (Steadman 1995). Finally, islands allow us to examine changes in richness at spatial scales that ...
... colonization exist (e.g., Newmark 1995). Islands, however, are noteworthy because it is the extinction of island endemics that has caused some of the most severe losses to the global richness of species (Steadman 1995). Finally, islands allow us to examine changes in richness at spatial scales that ...
Biogeography
Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time. Organisms and biological communities often vary in a regular fashion along geographic gradients of latitude, elevation, isolation and habitat area. Phytogeography is the branch of biogeography that studies the distribution of plants. Zoogeography is the branch that studies distribution of animals.Knowledge of spatial variation in the numbers and types of organisms is as vital to us today as it was to our early human ancestors, as we adapt to heterogeneous but geographically predictable environments. Biogeography is an integrative field of inquiry that unites concepts and information from ecology, evolutionary biology, geology, and physical geography.Modern biogeographic research combines information and ideas from many fields, from the physiological and ecological constraints on organismal dispersal to geological and climatological phenomena operating at global spatial scales and evolutionary time frames.The short-term interactions within a habitat and species of organisms describe the ecological application of biogeography. Historical biogeography describes the long-term, evolutionary periods of time for broader classifications of organisms. Early scientists, beginning with Carl Linnaeus, contributed theories to the contributions of the development of biogeography as a science. Beginning in the mid-18th century, Europeans explored the world and discovered the biodiversity of life. Linnaeus initiated the ways to classify organisms through his exploration of undiscovered territories.The scientific theory of biogeography grows out of the work of Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859), Hewett Cottrell Watson (1804–1881), Alphonse de Candolle (1806–1893), Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913), Philip Lutley Sclater (1829–1913) and other biologists and explorers.