Modelling the ecology and evolution of communities
... Understanding how evolution shapes ecological communities is of key importance for the successful conservation of species and ecosystems, for predicting impacts of environmental perturbations, and for understanding the origin and loss of biodiversity in general. The complexity and dynamical nature o ...
... Understanding how evolution shapes ecological communities is of key importance for the successful conservation of species and ecosystems, for predicting impacts of environmental perturbations, and for understanding the origin and loss of biodiversity in general. The complexity and dynamical nature o ...
The meteorologist who started a revolution - Whitlock-Science
... continental drift has since become the organizing principle of paleoclimatology and other paleosciences. Unfortunately, though Wegener's explanation of the Permo-Carboniferous ice age impressed even his most vocal critics, the merit of much of the rest of his supporting evidence was not widely recog ...
... continental drift has since become the organizing principle of paleoclimatology and other paleosciences. Unfortunately, though Wegener's explanation of the Permo-Carboniferous ice age impressed even his most vocal critics, the merit of much of the rest of his supporting evidence was not widely recog ...
File - Science Connection
... Question 29 of 37 Australia is home to several species that are not found on other continents. Why are these species only found in Australia? A. Ecological competition does not drive natural selection pressures in Australian habitats. B. Genetic mutations occur more often in Australian species than ...
... Question 29 of 37 Australia is home to several species that are not found on other continents. Why are these species only found in Australia? A. Ecological competition does not drive natural selection pressures in Australian habitats. B. Genetic mutations occur more often in Australian species than ...
Effective Landscape Restoration for Native Biodiversity in Northern
... Inland Slopes and Murray Fans with smaller but significant occurrences of other bioregions, notably the Victorian Volcanic Plain, Murray Scroll Belt, Rob invale Plains and Cen tral Victorian Uplands. The predominant broad vegetation types across the region are temperate woodlands and grasslands, giv ...
... Inland Slopes and Murray Fans with smaller but significant occurrences of other bioregions, notably the Victorian Volcanic Plain, Murray Scroll Belt, Rob invale Plains and Cen tral Victorian Uplands. The predominant broad vegetation types across the region are temperate woodlands and grasslands, giv ...
Intertidal Underboulder Communities
... underboulder community. The underboulder habitat, along with fissures, crevices and any interstitial spaces between adjacent boulders, form a series of microhabitats that add greatly to the biodiversity of a shore. The presence of boulders on a shore may also lead to local modification to wave expos ...
... underboulder community. The underboulder habitat, along with fissures, crevices and any interstitial spaces between adjacent boulders, form a series of microhabitats that add greatly to the biodiversity of a shore. The presence of boulders on a shore may also lead to local modification to wave expos ...
Long-term ecological dynamics: reciprocal
... examine ecosystem processes across climate gradients for which geology and plant species are constant (e.g. Vitousek et al. 1994; Austin 2002; Vitousek 2004). Gradient studies such as these are valuable not necessarily because they represent typical ecosystems, but rather because there are few confo ...
... examine ecosystem processes across climate gradients for which geology and plant species are constant (e.g. Vitousek et al. 1994; Austin 2002; Vitousek 2004). Gradient studies such as these are valuable not necessarily because they represent typical ecosystems, but rather because there are few confo ...
The role of biotic forces in driving macroevolution: beyond the Red
... showed (not surprisingly) that predators and victims would evolve more and more extreme arms levels if the improvements were always both beneficial and cost-free and the trait space was unbounded (e.g. [41]). The next generation of Red Queen models focused solely on trait evolution instead of lag lo ...
... showed (not surprisingly) that predators and victims would evolve more and more extreme arms levels if the improvements were always both beneficial and cost-free and the trait space was unbounded (e.g. [41]). The next generation of Red Queen models focused solely on trait evolution instead of lag lo ...
Predicting changes in the distribution and abundance of species
... predictions of abundance and distribution across landscapes would be far more useful. To critically assess which approaches represent advances towards the goal of joint predictions of abundance and distribution, we review recent work on changing distributions and on effects of environmental drivers ...
... predictions of abundance and distribution across landscapes would be far more useful. To critically assess which approaches represent advances towards the goal of joint predictions of abundance and distribution, we review recent work on changing distributions and on effects of environmental drivers ...
PDF, 704KB - Conservation Biology
... habitats from Ireland to Japan, as well as isolated populations in the European Alps (Thulin and Flux 2003). The species is a potential prey of several endangered species in the Alps (e.g., golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos, eagle owl Bubo bubo, and lynx Lynx lynx) and a traditional game species in sev ...
... habitats from Ireland to Japan, as well as isolated populations in the European Alps (Thulin and Flux 2003). The species is a potential prey of several endangered species in the Alps (e.g., golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos, eagle owl Bubo bubo, and lynx Lynx lynx) and a traditional game species in sev ...
Soft-bottom intertidal ecosystems shaped by ecosystem engineers
... strongly modifying structure and nutrient availability and primary producer abundance, it is inevitable that higher trophic levels are also affected by the engineering effect of reef-building bivalves. In Chapters 2, 3 and 5, it is demonstrated that reefbuilding bivalves also facilitate macrofaunal ...
... strongly modifying structure and nutrient availability and primary producer abundance, it is inevitable that higher trophic levels are also affected by the engineering effect of reef-building bivalves. In Chapters 2, 3 and 5, it is demonstrated that reefbuilding bivalves also facilitate macrofaunal ...
Defining Biodiversity Assessing Biodiversity
... Both “ecosystem” and “habitat” are unusually vague terms; “ecosystem” used to be generally understood in terms of an ecosystem ecology which used physical variables (most notably energy flows) to describe spatially extended biological systems. In that context, “habitat” was more rooted in place but ...
... Both “ecosystem” and “habitat” are unusually vague terms; “ecosystem” used to be generally understood in terms of an ecosystem ecology which used physical variables (most notably energy flows) to describe spatially extended biological systems. In that context, “habitat” was more rooted in place but ...
Modelling the ecology and evolution of communities
... Understanding how evolution shapes ecological communities is of key importance for the successful conservation of species and ecosystems, for predicting impacts of environmental perturbations, and for understanding the origin and loss of biodiversity in general. The complexity and dynamical nature o ...
... Understanding how evolution shapes ecological communities is of key importance for the successful conservation of species and ecosystems, for predicting impacts of environmental perturbations, and for understanding the origin and loss of biodiversity in general. The complexity and dynamical nature o ...
The role of past and present management in the rural landscape
... Hellström et al. 2006). Again, these investigations focus on small scale species richness for short periods, and further research into how remnant populations in seed banks can contribute to species richness after restoration is required. It is clear that dispersal in space is important for populati ...
... Hellström et al. 2006). Again, these investigations focus on small scale species richness for short periods, and further research into how remnant populations in seed banks can contribute to species richness after restoration is required. It is clear that dispersal in space is important for populati ...
Peppered Moth Simulation
... Objective: Simulate changes in moth population due to pollution and predation, and observe how species can change over time. ...
... Objective: Simulate changes in moth population due to pollution and predation, and observe how species can change over time. ...
Macroecology of mangroves: large-scale patterns and processes in
... bear little structural or functional resemblance to the mangrove forests of centuries past, yet we often consider our study sites to be “representative”. Thus, we cannot rule out that these forests were once zoned, but are no longer because of previous, undocumented anthropogenic disturbance(s). Res ...
... bear little structural or functional resemblance to the mangrove forests of centuries past, yet we often consider our study sites to be “representative”. Thus, we cannot rule out that these forests were once zoned, but are no longer because of previous, undocumented anthropogenic disturbance(s). Res ...
Life Cycle of the Peppered Moth
... Objective: Simulate changes in moth population due to pollution and predation, and observe how species can change over time. Introduction: Charles Darwin accumulated a tremendous collection of facts to support the theory of evolution by natural selection. One of his difficulties in demonstrating the ...
... Objective: Simulate changes in moth population due to pollution and predation, and observe how species can change over time. Introduction: Charles Darwin accumulated a tremendous collection of facts to support the theory of evolution by natural selection. One of his difficulties in demonstrating the ...
The tales of two geckos: does dispersal prevent extinction in recently
... Although habitat loss and fragmentation threaten species throughout the world and are a major threat to biodiversity, it is apparent that some species are at greater risk of extinction in fragmented landscapes than others. Identification of these species and the characteristics that make them sensit ...
... Although habitat loss and fragmentation threaten species throughout the world and are a major threat to biodiversity, it is apparent that some species are at greater risk of extinction in fragmented landscapes than others. Identification of these species and the characteristics that make them sensit ...
Chapter Objective Essays These must be in complete sentences. BE
... density. Compare r-selection and K-selection and indicate examples of each. (6pts) 36.8 Describe the major challenges inherent in managing populations. (2pts) 36.9 Explain how the structure of the world’s human population has changed and continues to change. Describe the key factors that affect huma ...
... density. Compare r-selection and K-selection and indicate examples of each. (6pts) 36.8 Describe the major challenges inherent in managing populations. (2pts) 36.9 Explain how the structure of the world’s human population has changed and continues to change. Describe the key factors that affect huma ...
The Nonliving Environment
... Populations living in one place form a community. The community and the physical factors with which it interacts compose an ecosystem. 7.1b: Given adequate resources and no disease or predators, populations (including humans) increase. Lack of resources, habitat destruction, and other factors such a ...
... Populations living in one place form a community. The community and the physical factors with which it interacts compose an ecosystem. 7.1b: Given adequate resources and no disease or predators, populations (including humans) increase. Lack of resources, habitat destruction, and other factors such a ...
2 How Do Population Changes Happen?
... $ARWIN OBSERVED THAT THE ANIMALS AND PLANTS ON THE 'ALÈPAGOS )SLANDS WERE SIMILAR TO THOSE IN %CUADOR (OWEVER THEY WERE NOT IDENTICAL &OR EXAMPLE $ARWIN CLOSELY OBSERVED BIRDS CALLED FINCHES 4HE FINCHES ON THE 'ALÈPAGOS )SLANDS WERE SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT FROM THE FINCHES IN %CUADOR )N ADDITION T ...
... $ARWIN OBSERVED THAT THE ANIMALS AND PLANTS ON THE 'ALÈPAGOS )SLANDS WERE SIMILAR TO THOSE IN %CUADOR (OWEVER THEY WERE NOT IDENTICAL &OR EXAMPLE $ARWIN CLOSELY OBSERVED BIRDS CALLED FINCHES 4HE FINCHES ON THE 'ALÈPAGOS )SLANDS WERE SLIGHTLY DIFFERENT FROM THE FINCHES IN %CUADOR )N ADDITION T ...
ch11_Lecture_3e - Lakeland Central School District
... devoted to understanding the factors that influence the loss, protection, and restoration of biodiversity - Arose as scientists became alarmed at the degradation of natural systems - An applied and goaloriented science ...
... devoted to understanding the factors that influence the loss, protection, and restoration of biodiversity - Arose as scientists became alarmed at the degradation of natural systems - An applied and goaloriented science ...
Animal personalities: consequences for ecology and evolution
... Box 2. Behavioral variation and other forms of individual variation A surge of recent research points to the importance of intraspecific variation for ecological and evolutionary processes [14–22]. Most of this work focuses on genetic variation or differences in resource use. By contrast, the conseq ...
... Box 2. Behavioral variation and other forms of individual variation A surge of recent research points to the importance of intraspecific variation for ecological and evolutionary processes [14–22]. Most of this work focuses on genetic variation or differences in resource use. By contrast, the conseq ...
Geographic Variation in Camouflage Specialization by a Decorator
... It has been argued that the ecological and evolutionary importance of positive interactions among species has been underappreciated by most biologists (Kareiva and Bertness 1997). While many factors likely contribute to this bias (Boucher et al. 1982; Bertness and Callaway 1994), part of the reason ...
... It has been argued that the ecological and evolutionary importance of positive interactions among species has been underappreciated by most biologists (Kareiva and Bertness 1997). While many factors likely contribute to this bias (Boucher et al. 1982; Bertness and Callaway 1994), part of the reason ...
intermediate disturbance hypothesis
... the de facto presence of a species’ pool ...”. Earlier (Padisák, 1992), she made this criticism of Wilson (1990) more explicit: “If there is an insufficient pool of storage species in New Zealand (as it is has been argued against IDH), then how can GCC ... operate?”. Leaving aside what ‘storage spec ...
... the de facto presence of a species’ pool ...”. Earlier (Padisák, 1992), she made this criticism of Wilson (1990) more explicit: “If there is an insufficient pool of storage species in New Zealand (as it is has been argued against IDH), then how can GCC ... operate?”. Leaving aside what ‘storage spec ...
Biogeography
Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time. Organisms and biological communities often vary in a regular fashion along geographic gradients of latitude, elevation, isolation and habitat area. Phytogeography is the branch of biogeography that studies the distribution of plants. Zoogeography is the branch that studies distribution of animals.Knowledge of spatial variation in the numbers and types of organisms is as vital to us today as it was to our early human ancestors, as we adapt to heterogeneous but geographically predictable environments. Biogeography is an integrative field of inquiry that unites concepts and information from ecology, evolutionary biology, geology, and physical geography.Modern biogeographic research combines information and ideas from many fields, from the physiological and ecological constraints on organismal dispersal to geological and climatological phenomena operating at global spatial scales and evolutionary time frames.The short-term interactions within a habitat and species of organisms describe the ecological application of biogeography. Historical biogeography describes the long-term, evolutionary periods of time for broader classifications of organisms. Early scientists, beginning with Carl Linnaeus, contributed theories to the contributions of the development of biogeography as a science. Beginning in the mid-18th century, Europeans explored the world and discovered the biodiversity of life. Linnaeus initiated the ways to classify organisms through his exploration of undiscovered territories.The scientific theory of biogeography grows out of the work of Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859), Hewett Cottrell Watson (1804–1881), Alphonse de Candolle (1806–1893), Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913), Philip Lutley Sclater (1829–1913) and other biologists and explorers.