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Metapopulation Ecology - Department of Ecology and Evolutionary
... for persistence of a species in fragmented landscapes. Metapopulation ecology is a key concept in conservation ecology. Although pure metapopulations may be rare, there are many empirical studies in which metapopulation processes, primarily local colonisation and extinction, have been useful in expl ...
... for persistence of a species in fragmented landscapes. Metapopulation ecology is a key concept in conservation ecology. Although pure metapopulations may be rare, there are many empirical studies in which metapopulation processes, primarily local colonisation and extinction, have been useful in expl ...
Biodiversity Hotspots
... today. 4 Currently, 35 biodiversity hotspots have been identified, most of which occur in tropical forests. They represent just 2.3% of Earth’s land surface, but between them they contain around 50% of the world’s endemic plant species and 42% of all terrestrial vertebrates. 5 Overall, Hotspots have ...
... today. 4 Currently, 35 biodiversity hotspots have been identified, most of which occur in tropical forests. They represent just 2.3% of Earth’s land surface, but between them they contain around 50% of the world’s endemic plant species and 42% of all terrestrial vertebrates. 5 Overall, Hotspots have ...
cuvier1
... the fossil record in search of transitional forms and examination of the different stratification layers. - His establishment of the existence of extinction led to the theory of Natural Selection, which says, entire species would die off due to a particular ...
... the fossil record in search of transitional forms and examination of the different stratification layers. - His establishment of the existence of extinction led to the theory of Natural Selection, which says, entire species would die off due to a particular ...
Primary Succession and Ecosystem Rehabilitation
... succession proceeds. Low-density agrarian cultures are perhaps most resilient (e.g. farmers in Peru after the 1970 earthquake; Oliver-Smith & Hoffman, 1999) because they are relatively self-reliant. If the disturbance is ephemeral (unlike the years of ash fall on Iceland from the volcano Laki that l ...
... succession proceeds. Low-density agrarian cultures are perhaps most resilient (e.g. farmers in Peru after the 1970 earthquake; Oliver-Smith & Hoffman, 1999) because they are relatively self-reliant. If the disturbance is ephemeral (unlike the years of ash fall on Iceland from the volcano Laki that l ...
Alien Marine Invertebrates of Hawaii
... hull fouling, but many have also arrived with solid ballast and in ballast water. We consider 201 species (70%) to be introduced, and 86 species (30%) cryptogenic (not demonstratively native or introduced). Two hundred forty eight (87%) have become established, 15 (5%) arrived but failed to become e ...
... hull fouling, but many have also arrived with solid ballast and in ballast water. We consider 201 species (70%) to be introduced, and 86 species (30%) cryptogenic (not demonstratively native or introduced). Two hundred forty eight (87%) have become established, 15 (5%) arrived but failed to become e ...
10 Interactions of Life
... competition demand for resources, such as food, water, and shelter, in short supply in a community ...
... competition demand for resources, such as food, water, and shelter, in short supply in a community ...
Ch 27
... An ecological community consists of all the interacting populations within an ecosystem (continued) – The process by which two interacting species act as agents of natural selection on one another is called coevolution – For example, when killing prey that is easiest to catch, individuals with the ...
... An ecological community consists of all the interacting populations within an ecosystem (continued) – The process by which two interacting species act as agents of natural selection on one another is called coevolution – For example, when killing prey that is easiest to catch, individuals with the ...
booklet of abstracts
... Switzerland. Here we specifically focused on the lacustrine species Gammarus lacustris and analyzed its distribution, biogeography as well as genetic and morphological differentiation. Based on mitochondrial DNA (COI and 12S) and morphometric measurements, we show that the alpine individuals are hig ...
... Switzerland. Here we specifically focused on the lacustrine species Gammarus lacustris and analyzed its distribution, biogeography as well as genetic and morphological differentiation. Based on mitochondrial DNA (COI and 12S) and morphometric measurements, we show that the alpine individuals are hig ...
Phylogenetic niche conservatism: what are the
... Phylogenetic niche conservatism (PNC) is the tendency of lineages to retain their niche-related traits through speciation events. A recent surge in the availability of well-sampled molecular phylogenies has stimulated phylogenetic approaches to understanding ecological processes at large geographica ...
... Phylogenetic niche conservatism (PNC) is the tendency of lineages to retain their niche-related traits through speciation events. A recent surge in the availability of well-sampled molecular phylogenies has stimulated phylogenetic approaches to understanding ecological processes at large geographica ...
Full-Text PDF
... with warmer days and longer periods of warm days without rain [61,62]. Elevation and latitude will interact with climate change and changes may be more severe at higher elevations and higher latitudes [63]. The flight duration of late season flying Speyeria species may become extended, as it has for ...
... with warmer days and longer periods of warm days without rain [61,62]. Elevation and latitude will interact with climate change and changes may be more severe at higher elevations and higher latitudes [63]. The flight duration of late season flying Speyeria species may become extended, as it has for ...
The macroecology of Southeast-Asian
... approaches already had a flourishing period in the 1960's and 70's (for example with the works of F.W. Preston and R.M. May) before the interest in the analysis of large-scale ecological patterns was recently revived (Brown 1999). As elaborately pointed out by B.A. Maurer (1999), the 'macroscopic pe ...
... approaches already had a flourishing period in the 1960's and 70's (for example with the works of F.W. Preston and R.M. May) before the interest in the analysis of large-scale ecological patterns was recently revived (Brown 1999). As elaborately pointed out by B.A. Maurer (1999), the 'macroscopic pe ...
Information Document
... ecosystems can present opportunities for the management of invasive alien species that can be more effective than in mainland ecosystems. The strategies required to minimize the impacts of invasive alien species are well known. The present note lists available sources of guidance for developing and ...
... ecosystems can present opportunities for the management of invasive alien species that can be more effective than in mainland ecosystems. The strategies required to minimize the impacts of invasive alien species are well known. The present note lists available sources of guidance for developing and ...
IBAssessments2015
... 0.0.1 Distinguish between independent variable, dependent variable and controlled variables 0.0.2 Describe how treatment groups and control groups are used in scientific investigations 0.0.3 Define mean, median, mode and standard deviation. 0.0.4 Explain how standard deviation is useful for comparin ...
... 0.0.1 Distinguish between independent variable, dependent variable and controlled variables 0.0.2 Describe how treatment groups and control groups are used in scientific investigations 0.0.3 Define mean, median, mode and standard deviation. 0.0.4 Explain how standard deviation is useful for comparin ...
Geography: It`s Nature and Perspectives Region
... • assimilation: the adoption of a new culture; the process by which a group’s cultural features are altered to resemble another • acculturation: learning how to operate within a new culture; changes within a culture from meeting another • syncretism: the combination of elements of two groups into a ...
... • assimilation: the adoption of a new culture; the process by which a group’s cultural features are altered to resemble another • acculturation: learning how to operate within a new culture; changes within a culture from meeting another • syncretism: the combination of elements of two groups into a ...
Full-Text PDF
... races, or population [104], need to be integrated at all levels with ecological and evolutionary processes and conservation management considerations [34,35,105±108]. Understanding how climate change and landscape heterogeneity constrains or facilitates gene flow will certainly become a more importa ...
... races, or population [104], need to be integrated at all levels with ecological and evolutionary processes and conservation management considerations [34,35,105±108]. Understanding how climate change and landscape heterogeneity constrains or facilitates gene flow will certainly become a more importa ...
Extinction and the zoogeography of West Indian land mammals
... that most species reached the islands by overwater dispersal during the Late Cenozoic, primarily from Central and South America. Two hypothetical immigration rates are calculated for West Indian land mammals, one assuming the earliest colonization in the late Eocene and the other based on an early M ...
... that most species reached the islands by overwater dispersal during the Late Cenozoic, primarily from Central and South America. Two hypothetical immigration rates are calculated for West Indian land mammals, one assuming the earliest colonization in the late Eocene and the other based on an early M ...
Effects of some natural and artificial substrata on sessile marine
... colonized by more species than were plates of coral or wood. Further, at some times on the reef-flat. algae occupied less space on perspex plates than on plates of the other 4 types of substrata. In contrast, the coralline crust LUlothamn~onsp. was most abundant on perspex and concrete in the lagoon ...
... colonized by more species than were plates of coral or wood. Further, at some times on the reef-flat. algae occupied less space on perspex plates than on plates of the other 4 types of substrata. In contrast, the coralline crust LUlothamn~onsp. was most abundant on perspex and concrete in the lagoon ...
Alternative causes of edge-abundance relationships in birds and
... these remaining habitat patches are affected by surrounding lands through their shared edges is an important step towards protecting the populations of plants and animals that depend on remnant habitat in urbanizing landscapes. Although many studies of various types of edge effects have been conduct ...
... these remaining habitat patches are affected by surrounding lands through their shared edges is an important step towards protecting the populations of plants and animals that depend on remnant habitat in urbanizing landscapes. Although many studies of various types of edge effects have been conduct ...
Calidrid conservation: unrequited needs
... unpubl. data). These findings argue against the existence of a globally superior foraging mode for this species. Further, birds at sites with similar mean foraging modes expressed a wide range of fattening rates, which indicates that ecological site characteristics influence the resulting fattening ...
... unpubl. data). These findings argue against the existence of a globally superior foraging mode for this species. Further, birds at sites with similar mean foraging modes expressed a wide range of fattening rates, which indicates that ecological site characteristics influence the resulting fattening ...
The potential role of ecological corridors for habitat conservation in
... patches of different successional stages and different soil and sediment types (e.g. Pinay et al. 1990). The problem of the survival of small isolated populations occurs where these patches become much scarcer and more isolated in the landscape, as a result of human modification and replacement of n ...
... patches of different successional stages and different soil and sediment types (e.g. Pinay et al. 1990). The problem of the survival of small isolated populations occurs where these patches become much scarcer and more isolated in the landscape, as a result of human modification and replacement of n ...
Habitat Fragmentation Effects on Trophic Processes of
... is the first evidence of a pervasive impact of habitat fragmentation on this fundamental trophic process in a system involving hundreds of species. Regression slopes have been used to compare speciesarea relationships (Steffan-Dewenter & Tscharntke 2000), and we extended this use to trophic processe ...
... is the first evidence of a pervasive impact of habitat fragmentation on this fundamental trophic process in a system involving hundreds of species. Regression slopes have been used to compare speciesarea relationships (Steffan-Dewenter & Tscharntke 2000), and we extended this use to trophic processe ...
Quadrats Online: Teacher Notes
... On some occasions a long, thin rectangle is used to maintain habitat homogeneity, meaning to ensure that the habitat type within the quadrat remains constant. Sometimes a certain shape will be used because historically that is the shape and size that has been used in previous studies. This then allo ...
... On some occasions a long, thin rectangle is used to maintain habitat homogeneity, meaning to ensure that the habitat type within the quadrat remains constant. Sometimes a certain shape will be used because historically that is the shape and size that has been used in previous studies. This then allo ...
Evidence for overlooked mechanisms of long‐distance seed
... included in the families Cathartidae, Accipitridae and Falconidae directly consume fruits and disperse seeds of > 20 plant species (see review by Galetti & Guimaraes, 2004 and references therein). In the particular case of aquatic environments, recent studies revealed that waterbird-mediated transpo ...
... included in the families Cathartidae, Accipitridae and Falconidae directly consume fruits and disperse seeds of > 20 plant species (see review by Galetti & Guimaraes, 2004 and references therein). In the particular case of aquatic environments, recent studies revealed that waterbird-mediated transpo ...
Biogeography
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Biogeography is the study of the distribution of species and ecosystems in geographic space and through geological time. Organisms and biological communities often vary in a regular fashion along geographic gradients of latitude, elevation, isolation and habitat area. Phytogeography is the branch of biogeography that studies the distribution of plants. Zoogeography is the branch that studies distribution of animals.Knowledge of spatial variation in the numbers and types of organisms is as vital to us today as it was to our early human ancestors, as we adapt to heterogeneous but geographically predictable environments. Biogeography is an integrative field of inquiry that unites concepts and information from ecology, evolutionary biology, geology, and physical geography.Modern biogeographic research combines information and ideas from many fields, from the physiological and ecological constraints on organismal dispersal to geological and climatological phenomena operating at global spatial scales and evolutionary time frames.The short-term interactions within a habitat and species of organisms describe the ecological application of biogeography. Historical biogeography describes the long-term, evolutionary periods of time for broader classifications of organisms. Early scientists, beginning with Carl Linnaeus, contributed theories to the contributions of the development of biogeography as a science. Beginning in the mid-18th century, Europeans explored the world and discovered the biodiversity of life. Linnaeus initiated the ways to classify organisms through his exploration of undiscovered territories.The scientific theory of biogeography grows out of the work of Alexander von Humboldt (1769–1859), Hewett Cottrell Watson (1804–1881), Alphonse de Candolle (1806–1893), Alfred Russel Wallace (1823–1913), Philip Lutley Sclater (1829–1913) and other biologists and explorers.