Srivastava and Bell 2009
... detritivores are preyed upon by predatory insects, especially damselfly larvae, while the bacteria and fungi also support microfauna (ciliates, rotifers, flagellates and flatworms). We manipulated the diversity of insect detritivores (horizontal diversity) and the presence of damselflies (vertical d ...
... detritivores are preyed upon by predatory insects, especially damselfly larvae, while the bacteria and fungi also support microfauna (ciliates, rotifers, flagellates and flatworms). We manipulated the diversity of insect detritivores (horizontal diversity) and the presence of damselflies (vertical d ...
Full Program
... for researchers in our community to build networks, talk about discoveries, and find inspiration. Our science changes all the time, embracing new tools and techniques to construct, demolish, and reconstruct theories that explain the world around us. Our world is changing fast and in many ways. Wheth ...
... for researchers in our community to build networks, talk about discoveries, and find inspiration. Our science changes all the time, embracing new tools and techniques to construct, demolish, and reconstruct theories that explain the world around us. Our world is changing fast and in many ways. Wheth ...
Bio-Diversity, Extinction, and Incentives to Save/Exterminate Species
... communities; Create refuges for bison far from people. • Promote the idea that bison are more than just meat and justify the care of them outside economic interests. 20- to 50-year goals: • Get as close as possible to elimination of cattle genes in buffalo. • Restore traditional buffalo stories and ...
... communities; Create refuges for bison far from people. • Promote the idea that bison are more than just meat and justify the care of them outside economic interests. 20- to 50-year goals: • Get as close as possible to elimination of cattle genes in buffalo. • Restore traditional buffalo stories and ...
TERSANE Summer School 2016
... 14:00-16:00h: The role of physiology in assessing climate change impacts (Hans Pörtner) 16:00-17:00h: Discussion ...
... 14:00-16:00h: The role of physiology in assessing climate change impacts (Hans Pörtner) 16:00-17:00h: Discussion ...
Key Role of European Rabbits in the Conservation of the Western
... relationships of the system. We reviewed the role of European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) as a keystone species in the Iberian Peninsula portion of the Mediterranean hotspot. Rabbits conspicuously alter plant species composition and vegetation structure through grazing and seed dispersal, which ...
... relationships of the system. We reviewed the role of European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) as a keystone species in the Iberian Peninsula portion of the Mediterranean hotspot. Rabbits conspicuously alter plant species composition and vegetation structure through grazing and seed dispersal, which ...
A Discussion Paper
... habitat loss, disturbance or other processes that operate at multiple spatial scales (Hannah et al. 2005; Hansell and Bass, 1998; Bass, 1996). In an urban area, biodiversity is a concept that involves not only the quantification of available habitat areas, but also the description of species diversi ...
... habitat loss, disturbance or other processes that operate at multiple spatial scales (Hannah et al. 2005; Hansell and Bass, 1998; Bass, 1996). In an urban area, biodiversity is a concept that involves not only the quantification of available habitat areas, but also the description of species diversi ...
Eco07
... Coevolution is a type of community evolution. Coevolution is the joint evolution of two or more noninterbreeding species that have a close ecological relationship, such as plants and herbivores, large organisms and their microorganism symbionts, or parasites and their hosts. Through reciprocal s ...
... Coevolution is a type of community evolution. Coevolution is the joint evolution of two or more noninterbreeding species that have a close ecological relationship, such as plants and herbivores, large organisms and their microorganism symbionts, or parasites and their hosts. Through reciprocal s ...
Scientific program available here - Society for Conservation Biology
... IMPACTS OF LAND USE CHANGES ON WILDLIFE AND LIVESTOCK POPULATIONS IN THE WILDEBEEST DISPERSAL AREA OF MAASAI MARA AND ATHI KAPUTIEI ECOSYSTEM SAID, MOHAMMED Y, David Nkedianye, Robin Reid, Shem Kifugo, Joseph Ogutu, Suzanne ...
... IMPACTS OF LAND USE CHANGES ON WILDLIFE AND LIVESTOCK POPULATIONS IN THE WILDEBEEST DISPERSAL AREA OF MAASAI MARA AND ATHI KAPUTIEI ECOSYSTEM SAID, MOHAMMED Y, David Nkedianye, Robin Reid, Shem Kifugo, Joseph Ogutu, Suzanne ...
The SER Primer on Ecological Restoration
... design. The restored ecosystem will not necessarily recover its former state, since contemporary constraints and conditions may cause it to develop along an altered trajectory. The historic trajectory of a severely impacted ecosystem may be difficult or impossible to determine with accuracy. Neverth ...
... design. The restored ecosystem will not necessarily recover its former state, since contemporary constraints and conditions may cause it to develop along an altered trajectory. The historic trajectory of a severely impacted ecosystem may be difficult or impossible to determine with accuracy. Neverth ...
South Australian Arid Lands Biodiversity Strategy
... The South Australian Arid Lands Biodiversity Strategy has been developed by the South Australian Arid Lands Natural Resources Management Board (SAAL NRM Board) and the South Australian Department for Environment and Heritage (DEH). The South Australian Arid Lands Natural Resources Management Region ...
... The South Australian Arid Lands Biodiversity Strategy has been developed by the South Australian Arid Lands Natural Resources Management Board (SAAL NRM Board) and the South Australian Department for Environment and Heritage (DEH). The South Australian Arid Lands Natural Resources Management Region ...
Ecosystem Services: From Biodiversity to Society, Part 1
... with an overview of the major trends in the field and the remaining challenges that need to be addressed since the publication of the MEA in 2005. Although ES had been studied before then, under a variety of different names and from somewhat different perspectives, it was with the MEA that the field ...
... with an overview of the major trends in the field and the remaining challenges that need to be addressed since the publication of the MEA in 2005. Although ES had been studied before then, under a variety of different names and from somewhat different perspectives, it was with the MEA that the field ...
Predicting invasion in grassland ecosystems: is exotic
... However, global-scale tests of this assumption have been elusive because of the focus on exotic species richness, rather than relative abundance. This is problematic because low invader richness can indicate invasion resistance by the native community or, alternatively, dominance by a single exotic ...
... However, global-scale tests of this assumption have been elusive because of the focus on exotic species richness, rather than relative abundance. This is problematic because low invader richness can indicate invasion resistance by the native community or, alternatively, dominance by a single exotic ...
Part 3 Designing and Implementing Ecosystem Connectivity in the
... important contributions to human survival. For example, connected ecosystems enable pollination by providing habitat for insects and birds. Without these pollinators, the survival and reproduction of many plants including agricultural crops would be threatened. Without connections, pollinators could ...
... important contributions to human survival. For example, connected ecosystems enable pollination by providing habitat for insects and birds. Without these pollinators, the survival and reproduction of many plants including agricultural crops would be threatened. Without connections, pollinators could ...
Abstract Effects of Nutrient Availability and Disturbance on the
... ecosystem function (Myers 1993). Isbell et al. (2011) found support for this principle in an experiment testing the effect of different plant species on nutrient uptake and biomass production. Functional diversity can also be important to maintain ecosystem services. Ecosystem function in a diverse ...
... ecosystem function (Myers 1993). Isbell et al. (2011) found support for this principle in an experiment testing the effect of different plant species on nutrient uptake and biomass production. Functional diversity can also be important to maintain ecosystem services. Ecosystem function in a diverse ...
OIKOS Finland conference for Ecologists and Evolutionary Biologists
... effectiveness of protected areas has been studied and it has been shown that confounding factors, such as remoteness and accessibility, correlated with both presence of protection and extractive behaviors, affect the outcomes. We investigated the effectiveness of Madagascar's PA network in decreasin ...
... effectiveness of protected areas has been studied and it has been shown that confounding factors, such as remoteness and accessibility, correlated with both presence of protection and extractive behaviors, affect the outcomes. We investigated the effectiveness of Madagascar's PA network in decreasin ...
The Effect of Density-Independent Mortality on the Coexistence of
... Equations (5) assume a symmetric state where the two competitors differ in the resource they capture most effectively and have mirror image consumption rates. If both species capture resource i at a greater rate than resource j, then a low enough value of d implies that resource j is the only resour ...
... Equations (5) assume a symmetric state where the two competitors differ in the resource they capture most effectively and have mirror image consumption rates. If both species capture resource i at a greater rate than resource j, then a low enough value of d implies that resource j is the only resour ...
Predicting invasion in grassland ecosystems: is exotic
... However, global-scale tests of this assumption have been elusive because of the focus on exotic species richness, rather than relative abundance. This is problematic because low invader richness can indicate invasion resistance by the native community or, alternatively, dominance by a single exotic ...
... However, global-scale tests of this assumption have been elusive because of the focus on exotic species richness, rather than relative abundance. This is problematic because low invader richness can indicate invasion resistance by the native community or, alternatively, dominance by a single exotic ...
Effects of local and regional drivers on plant diversity within tundra
... Diversity in Iceland was strongly driven by topography of contrasting landform curvature and elevation, representing different conditions of habitat productivity. Diversity was not affected by current contrasts in sheep grazing which is likely due to the persistence of historical grazing effects. To ...
... Diversity in Iceland was strongly driven by topography of contrasting landform curvature and elevation, representing different conditions of habitat productivity. Diversity was not affected by current contrasts in sheep grazing which is likely due to the persistence of historical grazing effects. To ...
CBD Third National Report - Mauritius (English version)
... caves. A large fringing reef surrounds the island forming a lagoon within which lie eighteen small islets. The detailed accounts of Leguat from the early 18th century paint an idyllic picture of ‘valleys covered with palm-trees, plantains (lataniers) and ebonys’, with an important endemic biodiversi ...
... caves. A large fringing reef surrounds the island forming a lagoon within which lie eighteen small islets. The detailed accounts of Leguat from the early 18th century paint an idyllic picture of ‘valleys covered with palm-trees, plantains (lataniers) and ebonys’, with an important endemic biodiversi ...
7. Annex 2 – Review of Theoretical Community Ecology
... to understand and use, and which have a tight functional relationship with the activity of concern. Metrics selected in this way instill confidence that the activity of concern has actually caused observed changes in the metric, and that reduction in activity levels will bring about a change in the ...
... to understand and use, and which have a tight functional relationship with the activity of concern. Metrics selected in this way instill confidence that the activity of concern has actually caused observed changes in the metric, and that reduction in activity levels will bring about a change in the ...
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services in Agroecosystems
... Prevention against large-scale crop failure ...
... Prevention against large-scale crop failure ...
effects of algal and herbivore diversity on the partitioning of biomass
... Here I report results of a laboratory microcosm experiment crossing eight algal compositions (seven monocultures and a polyculture of all seven species) with five ciliate herbivore compositions (no herbivores, three monocultures, and a polyculture of all three species). Microcosms allowed comparison ...
... Here I report results of a laboratory microcosm experiment crossing eight algal compositions (seven monocultures and a polyculture of all seven species) with five ciliate herbivore compositions (no herbivores, three monocultures, and a polyculture of all three species). Microcosms allowed comparison ...
Temporal dynamics in non-additive responses of arthropods to host
... S. altissima plots, we visually censused arthropods on each ramet within each plot five times over the course of the growing season. Arthropod surveys were conducted on sunny, relatively wind-free days beginning on 22 May, 15 June, 23 July, 3 Sept and 3 Oct of 2005, and surveys lasted from one to fo ...
... S. altissima plots, we visually censused arthropods on each ramet within each plot five times over the course of the growing season. Arthropod surveys were conducted on sunny, relatively wind-free days beginning on 22 May, 15 June, 23 July, 3 Sept and 3 Oct of 2005, and surveys lasted from one to fo ...
The Nepal Biodiversity Strategy and Action Plan
... biodiversity; describes the key efforts, achievements and gaps in the management of biodiversity; presents strategic approaches, theme-specific strategies and associated priorities for actions; and outlines the implementation arrangement. The strategies and priority actions take into consideration o ...
... biodiversity; describes the key efforts, achievements and gaps in the management of biodiversity; presents strategic approaches, theme-specific strategies and associated priorities for actions; and outlines the implementation arrangement. The strategies and priority actions take into consideration o ...
ESA 2010 handbook - Ecological Society of Australia
... Examining patterns of ecological variation over the Quaternary provides a means of determining whether or not variation expressed by an ecosystem, community or species is within the ‘normal’ range for the system. The vertebrate fossil deposits of the Naracoorte Caves World Heritage Area in south-eas ...
... Examining patterns of ecological variation over the Quaternary provides a means of determining whether or not variation expressed by an ecosystem, community or species is within the ‘normal’ range for the system. The vertebrate fossil deposits of the Naracoorte Caves World Heritage Area in south-eas ...
Biodiversity
Global Biodiversity is the variety of different types of life found on Earth and the variations within species. It is a measure of the variety of organisms present in different ecosystems. This can refer to genetic variation, ecosystem variation, or species variation (number of species) within an area, biome, or planet. Terrestrial biodiversity tends to be highest near the equator, which seems to be the result of the warm climate and high primary productivity. Biodiversity is not distributed evenly on Earth. It is the richest in the tropics. Marine biodiversity tends to be highest along coasts in the Western Pacific, where sea surface temperature is highest and in the mid-latitudinal band in all oceans. There are latitudinal gradients in species diversity. Biodiversity generally tends to cluster in hotspots, and has been increasing through time but will be likely to slow in the future.The number and variety of plants, animals and other organisms that exist is known as biodiversity. It is an essential component of nature and it ensures the survival of human species by providing food, fuel, shelter, medicines and other resources to mankind. The richness of biodiversity depends on the climatic conditions and area of the region. All species of plants taken together are known as flora and about 70,000 species of plants are known till date. All species of animals taken together are known as fauna which includes birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, insects, crustaceans, molluscs, etc.Rapid environmental changes typically cause mass extinctions. More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described. The total amount of related DNA base pairs on Earth is estimated at 5.0 x 1037, and weighs 50 billion tonnes. In comparison, the total mass of the biosphere has been estimated to be as much as 4 TtC (trillion tons of carbon).The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years old. The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates at least from 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in Western Greenland. Since life began on Earth, five major mass extinctions and several minor events have led to large and sudden drops in biodiversity. The Phanerozoic eon (the last 540 million years) marked a rapid growth in biodiversity via the Cambrian explosion—a period during which the majority of multicellular phyla first appeared. The next 400 million years included repeated, massive biodiversity losses classified as mass extinction events. In the Carboniferous, rainforest collapse led to a great loss of plant and animal life. The Permian–Triassic extinction event, 251 million years ago, was the worst; vertebrate recovery took 30 million years. The most recent, the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, occurred 65 million years ago and has often attracted more attention than others because it resulted in the extinction of the dinosaurs.The period since the emergence of humans has displayed an ongoing biodiversity reduction and an accompanying loss of genetic diversity. Named the Holocene extinction, the reduction is caused primarily by human impacts, particularly habitat destruction. Conversely, biodiversity impacts human health in a number of ways, both positively and negatively.The United Nations designated 2011–2020 as the United Nations Decade on Biodiversity.