Making Space for Nature: Network
... longer term, however, species may struggle to survive, and other impacts such as sea-level rise, an increase in extreme weather events, and other changes to ecosystem processes (e.g. caused by summer droughts) are likely to have further profound, and largely negative, effects. Establishing a coheren ...
... longer term, however, species may struggle to survive, and other impacts such as sea-level rise, an increase in extreme weather events, and other changes to ecosystem processes (e.g. caused by summer droughts) are likely to have further profound, and largely negative, effects. Establishing a coheren ...
UNIT 2 Practice TEST
... c. Amphibians are experiencing sharp population declines in a variety of habitats. d. Amphibians eat many insects, second in number only to birds. e. They are often considered keystone species. Birds and trout make good a. nonnative species. b. native species. c. keystone species. d. indicator speci ...
... c. Amphibians are experiencing sharp population declines in a variety of habitats. d. Amphibians eat many insects, second in number only to birds. e. They are often considered keystone species. Birds and trout make good a. nonnative species. b. native species. c. keystone species. d. indicator speci ...
Herbivory, seed production and seed predation in forest herbs along
... masked from herbivores in mixed stands (resource concentration hypothesis) and/or natural enemies have higher populations in mixed stands and can therefore more effectively control herbivores (enemies hypothesis) (Root 1973). However, the relevance of these theories for natural ecosystems is debatab ...
... masked from herbivores in mixed stands (resource concentration hypothesis) and/or natural enemies have higher populations in mixed stands and can therefore more effectively control herbivores (enemies hypothesis) (Root 1973). However, the relevance of these theories for natural ecosystems is debatab ...
Ecological Focus Area choices and their potential impacts on
... The literature shows that under the current EFA rules and conventional farming practices it is unlikely that most nitrogen-fixing crops grown on EFAs will provide significant benefits for biodiversity. The main exception to this being extensively managed nitrogen-fixing forage and green manure crops ...
... The literature shows that under the current EFA rules and conventional farming practices it is unlikely that most nitrogen-fixing crops grown on EFAs will provide significant benefits for biodiversity. The main exception to this being extensively managed nitrogen-fixing forage and green manure crops ...
The Caucasus Hotspot Briefing Book
... Azerbaijan and small portions of Russia, Iran and Turkey. It is one of the 25 richest and most threatened reservoirs of plant and animal life on Earth. These areas, called biodiversity hotspots, cover only 1.4 percent of the planet yet contain 60 percent of all terrestrial species diversity. The des ...
... Azerbaijan and small portions of Russia, Iran and Turkey. It is one of the 25 richest and most threatened reservoirs of plant and animal life on Earth. These areas, called biodiversity hotspots, cover only 1.4 percent of the planet yet contain 60 percent of all terrestrial species diversity. The des ...
Pereskia stem-wilter Biological control agent against Pereskia
... invasive alien plant that was introduced into South Africa from Brazil. It is problematic in South Africa because it destroys indigenous biodiversity by outcompeting indigenous plants. Areas infested with Pereskia become degraded ecosystems with very low levels of biodiversity. Pereskia stem-wilter ...
... invasive alien plant that was introduced into South Africa from Brazil. It is problematic in South Africa because it destroys indigenous biodiversity by outcompeting indigenous plants. Areas infested with Pereskia become degraded ecosystems with very low levels of biodiversity. Pereskia stem-wilter ...
The Sustainable Biosphere Initiative: An Ecological Research
... how ecological processes interact with physical and chemical factors to control or determine biological diversity. Doing so will require investigation of the manner in which individual species interact with and are modified by the abiotic environment on both ecological and evolutionary time scales. ...
... how ecological processes interact with physical and chemical factors to control or determine biological diversity. Doing so will require investigation of the manner in which individual species interact with and are modified by the abiotic environment on both ecological and evolutionary time scales. ...
Carrion cycling in food webs: comparisons among terrestrial and
... identify areas where future research is needed. Compared to information available from marine ecosystems (reviewed by Britton and Morton 1994), there are few data concerning the fate of carrion in freshwater habitats (Minshall et al. 1991). Thus, in this paper we concentrate on marine systems, part ...
... identify areas where future research is needed. Compared to information available from marine ecosystems (reviewed by Britton and Morton 1994), there are few data concerning the fate of carrion in freshwater habitats (Minshall et al. 1991). Thus, in this paper we concentrate on marine systems, part ...
11 Impact of weeds on threatened biodiversity in New South Wales
... threatened species and to the determinations of the NSW Scientific Committee. The authors also thank: Shaan Gresser (DEC) for compiling the initial data set and for entering a large proportion of the data; Mike Saxon (DEC) for providing access to profiles of the NSW threatened species prior to their ...
... threatened species and to the determinations of the NSW Scientific Committee. The authors also thank: Shaan Gresser (DEC) for compiling the initial data set and for entering a large proportion of the data; Mike Saxon (DEC) for providing access to profiles of the NSW threatened species prior to their ...
Spatial Patterns of Species Diversity in Kenya
... potential agricultural and economic value, as a loss of medical cures not yet discovered, as a loss of the Earth's genetic diversity, as a threat to the global climate and the environment for human existence, and as a loss of species that have as much inherent right to exist as does Homo sapiens (Hu ...
... potential agricultural and economic value, as a loss of medical cures not yet discovered, as a loss of the Earth's genetic diversity, as a threat to the global climate and the environment for human existence, and as a loss of species that have as much inherent right to exist as does Homo sapiens (Hu ...
ESA 2010 handbook - Ecological Society of Australia
... for this year’s Conference, and as a result, the quality of presented work is very high. We hope you all take the opportunity to attend a variety of presentations, and to perhaps find inspiration to develop your own areas of research. Each day of the Conference will begin with thought-provoking and ...
... for this year’s Conference, and as a result, the quality of presented work is very high. We hope you all take the opportunity to attend a variety of presentations, and to perhaps find inspiration to develop your own areas of research. Each day of the Conference will begin with thought-provoking and ...
Invisible invaders: non-pathogenic invasive microbes in aquatic and
... Invasions by organisms from all major microbial domains of life, such as viruses (although it is debated whether viruses are true life forms), bacteria, protists and fungi, have been reported (Briand et al. 2004; Reid et al. 2007; Allan et al. 2009; Pringle et al. 2009a). Among the invasive microbes ...
... Invasions by organisms from all major microbial domains of life, such as viruses (although it is debated whether viruses are true life forms), bacteria, protists and fungi, have been reported (Briand et al. 2004; Reid et al. 2007; Allan et al. 2009; Pringle et al. 2009a). Among the invasive microbes ...
Conference program and abstracts. International - CITA-A
... interwoven with that of ecology and evolutionary biology. Traditionally viewed as the study of geographic distributions, modern biogeography now explores a great diversity of patterns in the geographic variation of nature — from physiological, morphological and genetic variation among individuals an ...
... interwoven with that of ecology and evolutionary biology. Traditionally viewed as the study of geographic distributions, modern biogeography now explores a great diversity of patterns in the geographic variation of nature — from physiological, morphological and genetic variation among individuals an ...
Draft National Wildlife Corridors Plan March 2012
... agriculture and urban environments. This will affect the wellbeing of Australia’s unique native species, ecosystems and human population. Fragmentation of our landscapes reduces species’ and ecosystems’ capacity to adapt to altered climatic conditions. If we are to halt the trend of biodiversity dec ...
... agriculture and urban environments. This will affect the wellbeing of Australia’s unique native species, ecosystems and human population. Fragmentation of our landscapes reduces species’ and ecosystems’ capacity to adapt to altered climatic conditions. If we are to halt the trend of biodiversity dec ...
Draft National Wildlife Corridors Plan March 2012
... agriculture and urban environments. This will affect the wellbeing of Australia’s unique native species, ecosystems and human population. Fragmentation of our landscapes reduces species’ and ecosystems’ capacity to adapt to altered climatic conditions. If we are to halt the trend of biodiversity dec ...
... agriculture and urban environments. This will affect the wellbeing of Australia’s unique native species, ecosystems and human population. Fragmentation of our landscapes reduces species’ and ecosystems’ capacity to adapt to altered climatic conditions. If we are to halt the trend of biodiversity dec ...
CBD Fourth National Report
... in the IUCN Red List 2009 of Threatened Species, ranging from extinct to least concern. ...
... in the IUCN Red List 2009 of Threatened Species, ranging from extinct to least concern. ...
New Zealand as ecosystems - Department of Conservation
... communities. In practice, however, the programme’s primary survey element, the ecological unit—a tandem of vegetation type and landform type—has come to equate the terms ecosystem and community; as indeed do many ecological scientists. As a result, the surveys identify the PNA Programme’s primary ob ...
... communities. In practice, however, the programme’s primary survey element, the ecological unit—a tandem of vegetation type and landform type—has come to equate the terms ecosystem and community; as indeed do many ecological scientists. As a result, the surveys identify the PNA Programme’s primary ob ...
Contents Organising committee - New Zealand Ecological Society
... the ecology of the two countries diverged. Such differences between two land masses creates great opportunities for researchers to easily ‘step outside’ their paradigms associated with their own country. Sharing our research results from two separate countries is likely to allow us to think ‘outside ...
... the ecology of the two countries diverged. Such differences between two land masses creates great opportunities for researchers to easily ‘step outside’ their paradigms associated with their own country. Sharing our research results from two separate countries is likely to allow us to think ‘outside ...
Arthropods
... specific species within a community. Species: Organisms which share characteristics and can breed together. ...
... specific species within a community. Species: Organisms which share characteristics and can breed together. ...
Grades 9-12 Teacher Guide
... Essential activities should be taught sequentially in order to guide students toward designing a field study or a multi-step plan—gathering, recording and organizing data while outdoors and presenting a report of findings to the class. The Lesson 9 activity incorporates this field study or plan as ...
... Essential activities should be taught sequentially in order to guide students toward designing a field study or a multi-step plan—gathering, recording and organizing data while outdoors and presenting a report of findings to the class. The Lesson 9 activity incorporates this field study or plan as ...
Miombo Ecoregion Vision Report - Biodiversity Foundation for Africa
... resources in the region, and on Community-based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) programmes. The region is considered by many to be a global model for CBNRM. As other organisations besides WWF are involved in natural resources management and conservation initiatives within the ecoregion, WWF's pl ...
... resources in the region, and on Community-based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) programmes. The region is considered by many to be a global model for CBNRM. As other organisations besides WWF are involved in natural resources management and conservation initiatives within the ecoregion, WWF's pl ...
report on the elephant management strategy
... b. Reports on the stakeholder consultation process currently being conducted by SANParks on the elephant management strategy, c. Gives an outline of a proposed elephant management approach for SA national parks under the management of SANParks - a process which is not yet complete and which will con ...
... b. Reports on the stakeholder consultation process currently being conducted by SANParks on the elephant management strategy, c. Gives an outline of a proposed elephant management approach for SA national parks under the management of SANParks - a process which is not yet complete and which will con ...
introduced browsing mammals in new zealand natural forests
... unique opportunity to determine the impacts of introduction of an entire functional group of alien animals to a habitat from which that group was previously absent. We sampled 30 long-term fenced exclosure plots in indigenous forests throughout New Zealand to evaluate community- and ecosystem-level ...
... unique opportunity to determine the impacts of introduction of an entire functional group of alien animals to a habitat from which that group was previously absent. We sampled 30 long-term fenced exclosure plots in indigenous forests throughout New Zealand to evaluate community- and ecosystem-level ...
Niche and metabolic principles explain patterns of diversity and
... exists regarding latitudinal and elevational diversity gradients. A variety of a-diversity patterns have been reported along elevational gradients, including increasing, decreasing, invariant and hump-shaped patterns [8– 13]. The limited global-scale studies of latitudinal patterns in microbes have ...
... exists regarding latitudinal and elevational diversity gradients. A variety of a-diversity patterns have been reported along elevational gradients, including increasing, decreasing, invariant and hump-shaped patterns [8– 13]. The limited global-scale studies of latitudinal patterns in microbes have ...
How life-history traits affect ecosystem properties: effects of dispersal
... heterogeneity in dispersal rates has been acknowledged, namely as a force shaping species coexistence and diversity distribution within ecological communities (Amarasekare 2003, Calcagno et al. 2006, Laroche et al. 2016). For instance, Gravel et al. (2010a), found that detritus/detritivore or her ...
... heterogeneity in dispersal rates has been acknowledged, namely as a force shaping species coexistence and diversity distribution within ecological communities (Amarasekare 2003, Calcagno et al. 2006, Laroche et al. 2016). For instance, Gravel et al. (2010a), found that detritus/detritivore or her ...
Biodiversity
Global Biodiversity is the variety of different types of life found on Earth and the variations within species. It is a measure of the variety of organisms present in different ecosystems. This can refer to genetic variation, ecosystem variation, or species variation (number of species) within an area, biome, or planet. Terrestrial biodiversity tends to be highest near the equator, which seems to be the result of the warm climate and high primary productivity. Biodiversity is not distributed evenly on Earth. It is the richest in the tropics. Marine biodiversity tends to be highest along coasts in the Western Pacific, where sea surface temperature is highest and in the mid-latitudinal band in all oceans. There are latitudinal gradients in species diversity. Biodiversity generally tends to cluster in hotspots, and has been increasing through time but will be likely to slow in the future.The number and variety of plants, animals and other organisms that exist is known as biodiversity. It is an essential component of nature and it ensures the survival of human species by providing food, fuel, shelter, medicines and other resources to mankind. The richness of biodiversity depends on the climatic conditions and area of the region. All species of plants taken together are known as flora and about 70,000 species of plants are known till date. All species of animals taken together are known as fauna which includes birds, mammals, fish, reptiles, insects, crustaceans, molluscs, etc.Rapid environmental changes typically cause mass extinctions. More than 99 percent of all species, amounting to over five billion species, that ever lived on Earth are estimated to be extinct. Estimates on the number of Earth's current species range from 10 million to 14 million, of which about 1.2 million have been documented and over 86 percent have not yet been described. The total amount of related DNA base pairs on Earth is estimated at 5.0 x 1037, and weighs 50 billion tonnes. In comparison, the total mass of the biosphere has been estimated to be as much as 4 TtC (trillion tons of carbon).The age of the Earth is about 4.54 billion years old. The earliest undisputed evidence of life on Earth dates at least from 3.5 billion years ago, during the Eoarchean Era after a geological crust started to solidify following the earlier molten Hadean Eon. There are microbial mat fossils found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone discovered in Western Australia. Other early physical evidence of a biogenic substance is graphite in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks discovered in Western Greenland. Since life began on Earth, five major mass extinctions and several minor events have led to large and sudden drops in biodiversity. The Phanerozoic eon (the last 540 million years) marked a rapid growth in biodiversity via the Cambrian explosion—a period during which the majority of multicellular phyla first appeared. The next 400 million years included repeated, massive biodiversity losses classified as mass extinction events. In the Carboniferous, rainforest collapse led to a great loss of plant and animal life. The Permian–Triassic extinction event, 251 million years ago, was the worst; vertebrate recovery took 30 million years. The most recent, the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, occurred 65 million years ago and has often attracted more attention than others because it resulted in the extinction of the dinosaurs.The period since the emergence of humans has displayed an ongoing biodiversity reduction and an accompanying loss of genetic diversity. Named the Holocene extinction, the reduction is caused primarily by human impacts, particularly habitat destruction. Conversely, biodiversity impacts human health in a number of ways, both positively and negatively.The United Nations designated 2011–2020 as the United Nations Decade on Biodiversity.